Journal Description
Hematology Reports
Hematology Reports
- formerly Hematology Reviews - is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on all aspects of prevention, diagnosis and management of disorders of the blood, published quarterly online by MDPI (from Volume 14, Issue 1 - 2022). The Society of Hematologic Oncology Italy (SOHO Italy) is affiliated with Hematology Reports and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web of Science), PMC, PubMed, Embase, and other databases.
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 32.8 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 5.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names published annually in the journal.
Impact Factor:
1.1 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
1.1 (2023)
Latest Articles
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Triggered by Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2: A Narrative Review
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(3), 487-503; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16030047 - 26 Jul 2024
Abstract
►
Show Figures
Introduction: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life-threatening syndrome characterized by an uncontrolled hyperinflammatory reaction. HLH is classified into primary (familial) and secondary (acquired). Secondary HLH is commonly triggered by infections, with viral infections being a leading cause. Its epidemiology and clinical
[...] Read more.
Introduction: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life-threatening syndrome characterized by an uncontrolled hyperinflammatory reaction. HLH is classified into primary (familial) and secondary (acquired). Secondary HLH is commonly triggered by infections, with viral infections being a leading cause. Its epidemiology and clinical features in cases associated with herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 remain underexplored. This study aimed to review all previously described cases of HSV-1 or -2-triggered HLH and provide information about this syndrome’s epidemiology, microbiology, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. Methods: A narrative review was performed based on a search in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Studies published until 27 April 2024 providing relevant data for HLH due to HSV 1 and 2 in humans were included. Results: We identified 29 eligible studies reporting HLH due to HSV 1 and 2, involving 34 patients. Half of them were adults, and half were neonates. Fever and splenomegaly were the most common clinical findings. Most patients were diagnosed with HSV-1 (64.7%), with PCR being the primary diagnostic method. The median duration of in-hospital treatment was 21 days, with acyclovir and steroids being the mainstays of therapy. The overall mortality rate was 41.2%, and AST levels emerged as an independent predictor of mortality. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the need for heightened awareness surrounding HLH triggered by HSV 1 and 2 and the importance of prompt diagnosis and tailored treatment approaches.
Full article
Open AccessStudy Protocol
Identifying Candidates for Effective Utilization of Stored Autologous PBSCs in Salvage Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma: Who Benefits Most?
by
Amany R. Keruakous, Laura Walker, Molly Denlinger, Mohammad A. H. Mian, Danielle Bradshaw, Vamsi K. Kota and Anand P. Jillella
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(3), 479-486; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16030046 - 12 Jul 2024
Abstract
Background/Objectives: High-dose chemotherapy (HD-CHT) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the gold standard for eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients, even amidst evolving therapeutic options. Clinical trials have demonstrated ASCT’s efficacy in MM, including its potential as salvage therapy after prolonged remission.
[...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: High-dose chemotherapy (HD-CHT) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the gold standard for eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients, even amidst evolving therapeutic options. Clinical trials have demonstrated ASCT’s efficacy in MM, including its potential as salvage therapy after prolonged remission. Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) are now the primary source of hematopoietic stem cells for ASCT. Collecting additional PBSCs post-initial myeloablative conditioning is challenging, leading many centers to adopt the practice of collecting and storing excess PBSCs during initial therapy to support tandem transplants or salvage treatments. The use of salvage ASCT may diminish in the face of novel, highly effective treatments like bispecific antibodies and cellular therapies for relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM). Despite available stored PBSC grafts, salvage ASCTs are underutilized due to various factors, including declining performance status and therapy-related comorbidities. A cost utilization analysis from 2013 revealed that roughly 70% of patients had unused PBSC products in prolonged cryopreservation, costing a significant portion of total ASCT expenses. The average cost for collecting, cryopreserving, and storing PBSCs exceeded $20,000 per person, with more than $6700 spent on unused PBSCs for a second ASCT. A more recent analysis from 2016 underscored the declining need for salvage ASCT, with less than 10% of patients using stored PBSC grafts over a decade. Methods: To address the dilemma of whether backup stem cells remain necessary for myeloma patients, the study investigated strategies to reduce the financial burden of PBSC collection, processing, and storage. It evaluated MM patients undergoing frontline ASCT from January 2012 to June 2022, excluding those with planned tandem transplants and those who had a single ASCT with no stored cells. Discussion: Among the 240 patients studied, the median age at PBSC collection was 61. Notably, only 7% underwent salvage ASCT, with nearly 90% of salvage ASCT recipients being ≤ 61 years old at the time of initial ASCT. The study revealed a decreasing trend in salvage ASCT use with increasing age, suggesting that PBSC collection for a single transplant among elderly patients (>60 years old) could be a cost-effective alternative. Most transplant centers aimed to collect 10 × 106 CD34 + cells/kg, with patients over 65 often requiring multiple collection days. Shifting towards single-transplant collections among the elderly could reduce costs and resource requirements. Additionally, the study recommended implementing strategies for excess PBSC disposal or repurposing on the collection day to avoid additional storage costs. In summary, the decreasing utilization of salvage ASCT in MM, alongside financial considerations, underscores the need for revised stem cell collection policies. Conclusions: The study advocates considering single-transplant PBSC collections for elderly patients and efficient management of excess PBSCs to optimize resource utilization.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stem Cell Transplantation in Cancer Treatment: Current Status and Future Direction)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/hematolrep/hematolrep-16-00046/article_deploy/html/images/hematolrep-16-00046-g001-550.jpg?1720777736)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Clinical Validation of the Somatic FANCD2 Mutation (c.2022-5C>T) as a Novel Molecular Biomarker for Early Disease Progression in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Case–Control Study
by
Nawaf Alanazi, Abdulaziz Siyal, Sulman Basit, Masood Shammas, Sarah Al-Mukhaylid, Aamer Aleem, Amer Mahmood and Zafar Iqbal
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(3), 465-478; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16030045 - 8 Jul 2024
Abstract
Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) results from chromosomal translocation t(9;22) leading to the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion oncogene. CML has three stages: the chronic phase (CP), the accelerated phase (AP), and the blast crisis (BC). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the
[...] Read more.
Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) results from chromosomal translocation t(9;22) leading to the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion oncogene. CML has three stages: the chronic phase (CP), the accelerated phase (AP), and the blast crisis (BC). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the treatment of CML. TKIs work well in CP-CML, and these patients have a survival rate similar to the normal population, but TKIs are less effective in advanced-phase CML. Even with current advances in treatment, BC-CML patients have an average overall survival of less than a year. Early recognition of CML patients at risk of disease progression can help in timely interventions with appropriate TKIs or other therapeutic modalities. Although some markers of disease progression like BCR-ABL kinase domain, ASXL1, and GATA2 mutations are available, no universal and exclusively specific molecular biomarkers exist to early diagnose CML patients at risk of CML progression for timely therapeutic interventions to delay or minimize blast crisis transformation in CML. A recent study found that all BC-CML patients harbored the FANCD2 (c.2022-5C>T) mutation. Therefore, the current study was designed to detect this FANCD2 mutant in AP-CML (early progression phase) and to clinically validate its potential as a novel molecular biomarker of early CML progression from CP to AP. Methods: Our study comprised 123 CP-CML (control group) and 60 AP-CML patients (experimental group) from 2 oncology centers, from January 2020 to July 2023. Mean hemoglobin level, WBC count, platelet count, treatment type, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and survival status of AP-CML patients were significantly different from those of CP-CML patients. However, as these clinical parameters cannot help in the early detection of patients at risk of CML progression, there was a need for a clinically validated biomarker of AP-CML. DNA was extracted from the patients’ blood samples, and the FANCD2 gene was sequenced using an Illumina NextSeq500 next-generation sequencer (NGS). Results: The NGS analysis revealed a unique splice-site mutation in the FANCD2 gene (c.2022-5C>T). This mutation was detected in the majority (98.3%) of AP-CML patients but in none of the CP-CML patients or healthy control sequences from genomic databases. The mutation was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. FANCD2 is a member of the Fanconi anemia pathway genes involved in DNA repair and genomic stability, and aberrations of this gene are associated with many cancers. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study shows that the somatic FANCD2 (c.2022-5C>T) mutation is a new molecular biomarker for early CML progression. We recommend further clinical validation of this biomarker in prospective clinical trials.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Myeloma and Leukemia-Challenges and Current Treatment Options)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/hematolrep/hematolrep-16-00045/article_deploy/html/images/hematolrep-16-00045-g001-550.jpg?1720447305)
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Goal-Directed Use of Prothrombin Complex Concentrates in Liver Transplantation: Is a Plasma-Free Procedure Feasible?
by
Giovanni Punzo, Valeria Di Franco and Paola Aceto
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(3), 454-464; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16030044 - 8 Jul 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Background: Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusions have been the mainstay of hemostatic intervention for the treatment of bleeding and coagulation abnormalities arising during liver transplantation (LT) for decades. However, numerous clinical studies showed that FFP has many side effects, including the risk of
[...] Read more.
Background: Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusions have been the mainstay of hemostatic intervention for the treatment of bleeding and coagulation abnormalities arising during liver transplantation (LT) for decades. However, numerous clinical studies showed that FFP has many side effects, including the risk of pathogen transmission, transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO), transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM), and transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). These adverse events are particularly challenging in patients undergoing LT, who often suffer from severe portal hypertension, poor renal function and coexisting cardiac disease.The aims of this review are to summarize the pharmacological properties of currently available PCCs, to represent the theoretical benefits and the possible risks related to the use of these drugs in patients undergoing LT, and, finally, to review the current literature on the topic in order to highlight the evidence that currently supports PCC use in LT patients. Methods: The current literature on the topic was reviewed in order to highlight the evidence that currently supports PCC use in LT patients. Results: Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) may offer several advantages when compared to FFP. Indeed, PCCs have been shown to reduce the risk of TACO, which during liver transplantation may deteriorate portal hypertension, increase intraoperative bleeding, and possibly reduce survival rates. One of the major concerns for PCC use is thrombogenicity. However, currently available PCCs are much safer as they contain inactivated forms of the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors and protein C, protein S, antithrombin and/or heparin. Nowadays, the use of PCCs to correct coagulation abnormalities that occur during LT is an increasingly widespread practice. However, it is not yet clear what level of evidence supports this practice, and what the risks associated with it are. Conclusions: Administration of PCC in LT patients to correct haemostatic abnormalities seems to be well-tolerated, but the relationship between PCC use and thromboembolic events in the postoperative period remains unclear. Adequately powered, methodologically sound trials are urgently required for more definitive conclusions about the efficacy and safety of PCCs in a broad phenotype of LT recipients.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/hematolrep/hematolrep-16-00044/article_deploy/html/images/hematolrep-16-00044-g001-550.jpg?1720603631)
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Blood Microbiota and Its Products: Mechanisms of Interference with Host Cells and Clinical Outcomes
by
Luigi Santacroce, Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Marica Colella, Raffaele Palmirotta and Emilio Jirillo
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(3), 440-453; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16030043 - 6 Jul 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
In healthy conditions, blood was considered a sterile environment until the development of new analytical approaches that allowed for the detection of circulating bacterial ribosomal DNA. Currently, debate exists on the origin of the blood microbiota. According to advanced research using dark field
[...] Read more.
In healthy conditions, blood was considered a sterile environment until the development of new analytical approaches that allowed for the detection of circulating bacterial ribosomal DNA. Currently, debate exists on the origin of the blood microbiota. According to advanced research using dark field microscopy, fluorescent in situ hybridization, flow cytometry, and electron microscopy, so-called microbiota have been detected in the blood. Conversely, others have reported no evidence of a common blood microbiota. Then, it was hypothesized that blood microbiota may derive from distant sites, e.g., the gut or external contamination of blood samples. Alteration of the blood microbiota’s equilibrium may lead to dysbiosis and, in certain cases, disease. Cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic, kidney, neoplastic, and immune diseases have been associated with the presence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and/or their products in the blood. For instance, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and endotoxins may contribute to tissue damage, fueling chronic inflammation. Blood bacteria can interact with immune cells, especially with monocytes that engulf microorganisms and T lymphocytes via spontaneous binding to their membranes. Moreover, LPSs, extracellular vesicles, and outer membrane vesicles interact with red blood cells and immune cells, reaching distant organs. This review aims to describe the composition of blood microbiota in healthy individuals and those with disease conditions. Furthermore, special emphasis is placed on the interaction of blood microbiota with host cells to better understand disease mechanisms.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/hematolrep/hematolrep-16-00043/article_deploy/html/images/hematolrep-16-00043-g001-550.jpg?1721200124)
Figure 1
Open AccessCase Report
Transient Stress Lymphocytosis in a Child: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature
by
Alexander Placek, Randall Y. Chan, Maria Vergara-Lluri and Russell K. Brynes
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(3), 431-439; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16030042 - 3 Jul 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Transient stress lymphocytosis (TSL) is an under-recognized phenomenon associated with an acute stressful event such as physical trauma or various emergency medical conditions. Lymphocytosis generally resolves within several hours to days of the stressor. While most reports of TSL predominantly involve adult patients,
[...] Read more.
Transient stress lymphocytosis (TSL) is an under-recognized phenomenon associated with an acute stressful event such as physical trauma or various emergency medical conditions. Lymphocytosis generally resolves within several hours to days of the stressor. While most reports of TSL predominantly involve adult patients, it has only rarely been reported in pediatric patients. Here, we describe the clinical course of a 9-year-old male who developed TSL following a traumatic fall from a second-story balcony and provide a systematic literature review of TSL.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/hematolrep/hematolrep-16-00042/article_deploy/html/images/hematolrep-16-00042-g001-550.jpg?1719999806)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Double Trouble: COVID-19 Infection Exacerbates Sickle Cell Crisis Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients—Insights from National Inpatient Sample 2020
by
Zubair Hassan Bodla, Mariam Hashmi, Fatima Niaz, Austin B. Auyeung, Anuoluwa Oyetoran, Muhammad Jahanzeb Khalil, Muhammad Salman Faisal, Farhan Khalid, Abdel-Rahman Zakieh, Yvette Bazikian and Christopher L. Bray
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(3), 421-430; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16030041 - 29 Jun 2024
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on patients with sickle cell crisis (SCC) using National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data for the year 2020. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted utilizing International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes to identify adults who
[...] Read more.
Background: This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on patients with sickle cell crisis (SCC) using National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data for the year 2020. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted utilizing International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes to identify adults who were admitted with a principal diagnosis of sickle cell crisis. The primary outcomes examined were inpatient mortality, while the secondary outcomes assessed included morbidity, hospital length of stay, and resource utilization. Analyses were conducted with STATA. Multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses were used to adjust for confounding variables. Results: Of 66,415 adult patients with a primary SCC diagnosis, 875 were identified with a secondary diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Unadjusted mortality rate was higher for SCC patients with COVID-19 (2.28%) compared to those without (0.33%), with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 8.49 (p = 0.001). They also showed increased odds of developing acute respiratory failure (aOR = 2.37, p = 0.003) and acute kidney injury requiring dialysis (aOR = 8.66, p = 0.034). Additionally, these patients had longer hospital stays by an adjusted mean of 3.30 days (p < 0.001) and incurred higher hospitalization charges by an adjusted mean of USD 35,578 (p = 0.005). Conclusions: The SCC patients with COVID-19 presented higher mortality rates, increased morbidity indicators, longer hospital stays, and substantial economic burdens.
Full article
Open AccessCase Report
A Rare Onset of T-Lymphoid Blast Crisis in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia with Two Distinct Blast Populations
by
Alessandra Mongia, Francesca Romano, Sara Ciullini Mannurita, Benedetta Peruzzi, Sara Bencini, Daniela Parrini, Laura Fasano and Alessandra Fanelli
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(3), 413-420; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16030040 - 27 Jun 2024
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by bone marrow expansion and the proliferation of one or more myeloid cell lineages, predominantly driven by the expression of the constitutively active fusion product tyrosine kinase BCR:ABL1. Rarely, CML patients directly develop a
[...] Read more.
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by bone marrow expansion and the proliferation of one or more myeloid cell lineages, predominantly driven by the expression of the constitutively active fusion product tyrosine kinase BCR:ABL1. Rarely, CML patients directly develop a blast crisis (BC), mostly of myeloid origin. CML at blast crisis with a T-cell phenotype at diagnosis, without any prior history of CML, is extremely rare. Herein, we describe one rare CML case, in a young man showing an unusual and early T-lymphoid blastic crisis at diagnosis, as the first onset of a previously unknown CML. The multidisciplinary collaboration between laboratorians and clinicians for the diagnosis and management of this atypical case was crucial in outlining both a targeted pharmacological treatment and a successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Full article
Open AccessReview
Treatment of Immune Thrombocytopenia: Contextualization from a Historical Perspective
by
Daniel Martínez-Carballeira, Ángel Bernardo, Alberto Caro, Inmaculada Soto and Laura Gutiérrez
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(3), 390-412; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16030039 - 26 Jun 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by an isolated decrease in platelet count and an increased risk of bleeding. The pathogenesis is complex, affecting multiple components of the immune system and causing both peripheral destruction of platelets and inadequate production in
[...] Read more.
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by an isolated decrease in platelet count and an increased risk of bleeding. The pathogenesis is complex, affecting multiple components of the immune system and causing both peripheral destruction of platelets and inadequate production in the bone marrow. In this article, we review the treatment of ITP from a historical perspective, discussing first line and second line treatments, and management of refractory disease.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/hematolrep/hematolrep-16-00039/article_deploy/html/images/hematolrep-16-00039-g001-550.jpg?1719399482)
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Neutropenia in Childhood—A Narrative Review and Practical Diagnostic Approach
by
Georgios Katsaras, Silouani Koutsi, Evdokia Psaroulaki, Dimitra Gouni and Pelagia Tsitsani
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(2), 375-389; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16020038 - 16 Jun 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Neutropenia refers to a decrease in the absolute neutrophil count according to age and race norms and poses a common concern in pediatric practice. Neutrophils serve as host defenders and act crucially in acute inflammation procedures. In this narrative review, we systematically present
[...] Read more.
Neutropenia refers to a decrease in the absolute neutrophil count according to age and race norms and poses a common concern in pediatric practice. Neutrophils serve as host defenders and act crucially in acute inflammation procedures. In this narrative review, we systematically present causes of neutropenia in childhood, mainly adopting the pathophysiological classification of Frater, thereby studying (1) neutropenia with reduced bone marrow reserve, (2) secondary neutropenia with reduced bone marrow reserve, and (3) neutropenia with normal bone marrow reserve. Different conditions in each category are thoroughly discussed and practically approached from the clinician’s point of view. Secondary mild to moderate neutropenia is usually benign due to childhood viral infections and is expected to resolve in 2–4 weeks. Bacterial and fungal agents are also associated with transient neutropenia, although fever with severe neutropenia constitutes a medical emergency. Drug-induced and immune neutropenias should be suspected following a careful history and a detailed clinical examination. Cytotoxic chemotherapies treating malignancies are responsible for severe neutropenia and neutropenic shock. Rare genetic neutropenias usually manifest with major infections early in life. Our review of taxonomies clinical findings and associates them to specific neutropenia disorders. We consequently propose a practical diagnostic algorithm for managing neutropenic children.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/hematolrep/hematolrep-16-00038/article_deploy/html/images/hematolrep-16-00038-g001-550.jpg?1718531812)
Figure 1
Open AccessCase Report
Three-Way Translocation t(12;15;17) (p13;q24;q21) Found in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia with Basophilic Differentiation
by
Sara Frazzetto, Lara Gullo, Gabriele Sapuppo, Manlio Fazio, Cristina Lo Faro, Giuliana Giunta, Ignazio Caravotta, Elisa Mauro, Marina Silvia Parisi, Anna Maria Triolo, Nunziatina Laura Parrinello, Maria Letizia Consoli, Loredana També, Daniela Cambria, Sara Marino, Grazia Scuderi and Francesco Di Raimondo
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(2), 367-374; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16020037 - 12 Jun 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Acute promyelocytic leukemia is a rare form of acute myeloid leukemia in which immature promyelocytes abnormally proliferate in the bone marrow. In most cases, the disease is characterised by the translocation t(15;17) (q24;q21), which causes the formation of PML::RARA, an oncogenic fusion protein
[...] Read more.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia is a rare form of acute myeloid leukemia in which immature promyelocytes abnormally proliferate in the bone marrow. In most cases, the disease is characterised by the translocation t(15;17) (q24;q21), which causes the formation of PML::RARA, an oncogenic fusion protein responsible for blocking myeloid differentiation and survival advantage. Here, we present a case of acute promyelocytic leukemia with two unusual features: basophilic differentiation and a three-way translocation involving chromosomes 12, 15 and 17. In the few cases reported, basophilic differentiation was associated with a poor prognosis. In contrast, our patient responded promptly to the standard treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) and obtained complete remission. To our knowledge, this is the first report of basophilic acute promyelocytic leukemia with the three-way translocation t(12;17;15) (p13; q24;q21).
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/hematolrep/hematolrep-16-00037/article_deploy/html/images/hematolrep-16-00037-g001-550.jpg?1718191048)
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Skin Hypopigmentation in Hematology Disorders
by
Roberto Mazzetto, Paola Miceli, Alvise Sernicola, Jacopo Tartaglia and Mauro Alaibac
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(2), 354-366; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16020036 - 4 Jun 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Hypopigmentation disorders pose significant diagnostic challenges in dermatology, sometimes reflecting underlying hematological conditions. This review explores the clinical presentations related to hypopigmentation in hematological disorders, focusing on vitiligo, morphea, and syndromic albinism. Vitiligo, an autoimmune disorder targeting melanocytes, involves interactions between genetic polymorphisms
[...] Read more.
Hypopigmentation disorders pose significant diagnostic challenges in dermatology, sometimes reflecting underlying hematological conditions. This review explores the clinical presentations related to hypopigmentation in hematological disorders, focusing on vitiligo, morphea, and syndromic albinism. Vitiligo, an autoimmune disorder targeting melanocytes, involves interactions between genetic polymorphisms and immune responses, particularly regarding CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ. Drug-induced vitiligo, notably by immune checkpoint inhibitors and small-molecule targeted anticancer therapies, underscores the importance of immune dysregulation. Morphea, an inflammatory skin disorder, may signal hematological involvement, as seen in deep morphea and post-radiotherapy lesions. Syndromic albinism, linked to various genetic mutations affecting melanin production, often presents with hematologic abnormalities. Treatment approaches focus on targeting the immune pathways specific to the condition, and when that is not possible, managing symptoms. Understanding these dermatological manifestations is crucial for the timely diagnosis and management of hematological disorders.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/hematolrep/hematolrep-16-00036/article_deploy/html/images/hematolrep-16-00036-g001-550.jpg?1717483720)
Figure 1
Open AccessCase Report
Blinatumomab in Children with MRD-Positive B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Report of 11 Cases
by
Yi-Lun Wang, Tsung-Yen Chang, Yu-Chuan Wen, Shu-Ho Yang, Yi-Wen Hsiao, Chia-Chi Chiu, Yu-Chieh Chen, Ruei-Shan Hu, Shih-Hsiang Chen, Tang-Her Jaing and Chih-Cheng Hsiao
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(2), 347-353; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16020035 - 3 Jun 2024
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) remains an unresolved matter of concern regarding adverse outcomes. This case study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of blinatumomab, with or without door lymphocyte infusion (DLI), in treating measurable residual disease (MRD)-positive B-ALL. Methods: All patients
[...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) remains an unresolved matter of concern regarding adverse outcomes. This case study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of blinatumomab, with or without door lymphocyte infusion (DLI), in treating measurable residual disease (MRD)-positive B-ALL. Methods: All patients who received blinatumomab salvage therapy were included in this study. Eleven patients were included in the study. All patients were evaluated for MRD-negativity. Results: Before starting blinatumomab therapy, seven patients tested positive for MRD, three tested negative, and one had refractory disease. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) was reserved for five patients with persistent MRD. Six patients became MRD-negative and subsequent HCT was not performed. Only two patients relapsed; one patient died of relapse, and the other one received carfilzomib-based therapy and was MRD-negative thereafter. Nine patients were MRD-negative at a median follow-up of 28 months (15–52 months). Two of three MRD-positive post-transplant patients remained in complete molecular remission after preemptive DLI at the last follow-up date. In the first salvage, blinatumomab may achieve complete remission and bridging to HCT in pediatric patients with end-of-induction MRD-positive B-cell precursor ALL. Conclusions: The decision on how to treat post-transplant relapse continues to affect survival outcomes. Blinatumomab combined with DLI may extend the armamentarium of release options for high-risk pediatric patients. This approach is encouraging for high-risk ALL patients who are MRD-positive post-transplantation.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Myeloma and Leukemia-Challenges and Current Treatment Options)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/hematolrep/hematolrep-16-00035/article_deploy/html/images/hematolrep-16-00035-g001-550.jpg?1717393743)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Phase II Trial of Romidepsin as Consolidation Therapy after Gemcitabine, Dexamethasone, and Cisplatin in Elderly Transplant-Ineligible Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
by
Satoshi Yamasaki, Hiroatsu Iida, Akio Saito, Morio Matsumoto, Yoshiaki Kuroda, Tohru Izumi, Akiko M. Saito, Hiroaki Miyoshi, Koichi Ohshima, Hirokazu Nagai and Hiromi Iwasaki
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(2), 336-346; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16020034 - 28 May 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Romidepsin is an important therapeutic option for patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). However, the timing of romidepsin administration remains controversial. The objective of this study was to characterize the safety and efficacy of romidepsin as consolidation therapy after gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin
[...] Read more.
Romidepsin is an important therapeutic option for patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). However, the timing of romidepsin administration remains controversial. The objective of this study was to characterize the safety and efficacy of romidepsin as consolidation therapy after gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin (GDP) therapy (GDPR). This study of patients treated between March 2019 and March 2021 was registered with the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (registration number: jRCT0000000519). If complete response, partial response, or stable disease was confirmed after 2–4 GDP cycles, romidepsin was administered every 4 weeks for 1 year. Seven patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) PTCL (T-follicular helper phenotype [n = 1] and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma [n = 6]) were included in this prospective study (PTCL-GDPR). After a median follow-up of 34 months of patients in PTCL-GDPR, the 2-year overall survival rate was 71%, and the overall response rate after treatment was 57%. Common adverse events in patients with PTCL-GDPR included hematological toxicities such as neutropenia, which improved with supportive treatment. There were no treatment-related mortalities. GDPR might be safe and effective in elderly transplant-ineligible patients with R/R PTCL; however, further investigation is required.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/hematolrep/hematolrep-16-00034/article_deploy/html/images/hematolrep-16-00034-g001-550.jpg?1718084193)
Figure 1
Open AccessCase Report
Morphological Clues of Acute Monocytic Leukemia in COVID-19-Induced Transient Leukoerythroblastic Reaction with Monocytosis
by
Ingrid S. Tam, Mohamed Elemary, John DeCoteau, Anna Porwit and Emina E. Torlakovic
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(2), 331-335; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16020033 - 28 May 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Viral infections, including those caused by COVID-19, can produce striking morphologic changes in peripheral blood. Distinguishing between reactive changes and abnormal morphology of monocytes remains particularly difficult, with low consensus rates reported amongst hematopathologists. Here, we report a patient who developed transient monocytosis
[...] Read more.
Viral infections, including those caused by COVID-19, can produce striking morphologic changes in peripheral blood. Distinguishing between reactive changes and abnormal morphology of monocytes remains particularly difficult, with low consensus rates reported amongst hematopathologists. Here, we report a patient who developed transient monocytosis of 11.06 × 109/L with 32% promonocytes and 1% blasts during hospitalization that was secondary to severe COVID-19 infection. Three days later, the clinical status of the patient improved and the WBC had decreased to 8.47 × 109/L with 2.2 × 109/L monocytes. Flow cytometry studies did not reveal immunophenotypic findings specific for an overt malignant population. At no time during admission did the patient develop cytopenia(s), and she was discharged upon clinical improvement. However, the peripheral blood sample containing promonocytes was sent for molecular testing with an extended next-generation sequencing myeloid panel and was positive for pathogenic NPM1 Type A and DNMT3A R882H mutations. Subsequently, despite an essentially normal complete blood count, the patient underwent a bone marrow assessment that showed acute myeloid leukemia with 77% promonocytes. This case emphasizes the critical importance of a full work up to exclude acute leukemia when classical promonocyte morphology is encountered in the peripheral blood. Promonocytes are not a part of the reactive changes associated with COVID-19 and remain specific to myeloid neoplasia.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/hematolrep/hematolrep-16-00033/article_deploy/html/images/hematolrep-16-00033-g001-550.jpg?1716879153)
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Appropriate Treatment Intensity for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in the Older Population: A Review of the Literature
by
Satoshi Yamasaki
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(2), 317-330; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16020032 - 24 May 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Most patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are >65 years of age, with the number of patients expected to increase in the coming years. A comprehensive geriatric assessment that carefully evaluates fitness status and comorbidities is essential for selecting the appropriate treatment
[...] Read more.
Most patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are >65 years of age, with the number of patients expected to increase in the coming years. A comprehensive geriatric assessment that carefully evaluates fitness status and comorbidities is essential for selecting the appropriate treatment intensity. Although generally healthy patients or those <80 years of age may benefit from standard immunochemotherapy, unfit/frail patients or patients >80 years old may require reduced-intensity chemotherapy or less-toxic drugs. Some new drugs are currently being tested as single or combined agents for first-line treatment, aiming to improve the outcomes of conventional chemotherapy. This review systematically collates and discusses the outcomes associated with the use of immunochemotherapy in older patients with DLBCL, as well as considering the impact of full-dose immunochemotherapy on quality of life in older and frail patients, summarizing the rationale for reduced dosing in the older population, and presenting recommendations for selecting patients likely to benefit from reduced dosing. If preliminary efficacy and safety data are confirmed in future clinical trials, non-chemotherapy-based immunotherapy approaches could become an alternative potentially curative option in frail patients and those >80 years of age with DLBCL.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/hematolrep/hematolrep-16-00032/article_deploy/html/images/hematolrep-16-00032-g001-550.jpg?1716974974)
Figure 1
Open AccessCase Report
EBV-Positive Nodal T- and NK-Cell Lymphoma Mimicking Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report
by
Brooj Abro, Pamela Allen, Saja Asakrah, Kyle Bradley and Linsheng Zhang
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(2), 308-316; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16020031 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
EBV-positive nodal T- and NK-cell lymphoma (EBV+ NT/NKCL) is a recently recognized entity in the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Notably, CD30 positivity is frequently observed in (EBV+ NT/NKCL), creating diagnostic challenges to distinguish it
[...] Read more.
EBV-positive nodal T- and NK-cell lymphoma (EBV+ NT/NKCL) is a recently recognized entity in the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Notably, CD30 positivity is frequently observed in (EBV+ NT/NKCL), creating diagnostic challenges to distinguish it from ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Furthermore, cases of EBV+ ALCL have been documented in the literature, predating the inclusion of EBV+ nodal cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma as a variant of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. We present a case of a 47-year-old male presenting with multiple lymphadenopathies. The histomorphologic and immunophenotypic features of the lymph node closely resemble ALK-negative ALCL, characterized by uniform CD30 expression and a subcapsular distribution of lymphoma cells. However, the lymphoma cells exhibit diffuse positivity for EBV, consistent with EBV+ NT/NKCL. A case of ALK-negative ALCL with an immunophenotype identical to the EBV-positive case is included for comparison. Given that EBV+ NT/NKCL represents an aggressive neoplasm requiring unique clinical management compared to ALK-negative ALCL, it is critical to accurately differentiate EBV+ NT/NKCL from ALK-negative ALCL with a cytotoxic T-cell immunophenotype.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/hematolrep/hematolrep-16-00031/article_deploy/html/images/hematolrep-16-00031-g001-550.jpg?1716464161)
Figure 1
Open AccessCase Report
Complications of Brentuximab Therapy in Patients with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Concurrent Autoimmune Pathology—A Case Series
by
Oana Diana Preda, Sorina Bădeliță, Iulia Ursuleac, Ruxandra Maria Irimia, Sonia Balanica, Monica Cojocaru, Cristina Cotruta, Camelia Dobrea and Daniel Coriu
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(2), 299-307; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16020030 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Background: Brentuximab Vedotin (BV) has revolutionized the treatment landscape for Hodgkin’s lymphoma, yet its effects on pre-existing autoimmune disorders remain elusive. Methods: Here, we present four cases of patients with concurrent autoimmune conditions—Crohn’s disease, vitiligo, type I diabetes, and minimal change
[...] Read more.
Background: Brentuximab Vedotin (BV) has revolutionized the treatment landscape for Hodgkin’s lymphoma, yet its effects on pre-existing autoimmune disorders remain elusive. Methods: Here, we present four cases of patients with concurrent autoimmune conditions—Crohn’s disease, vitiligo, type I diabetes, and minimal change disease—undergoing BV therapy for Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The patients were treated with A-AVD instead of ABVD due to advanced-stage disease with high IPI scores. Results: Our findings reveal the surprising and complex interplay between BV exposure and autoimmune manifestations, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary collaboration in patient management. Notably, the exacerbation of autoimmune symptoms was observed in the first three cases where T-cell-mediated autoimmunity predominated. Additionally, BV exposure precipitated autoimmune thrombocytopenia in the vitiligo patient, underscoring the profound disruptions in immune regulation. Conversely, in the minimal change disease case, a disease characterized by a blend of B- and T-cell-mediated immunity, the outcome was favorable. Conclusions: This paper underscores the critical importance of vigilance toward autoimmune flare-ups induced by BV in patients with concurrent autoimmune conditions, offering insights for tailored patient care.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/hematolrep/hematolrep-16-00030/article_deploy/html/images/hematolrep-16-00030-g001-550.jpg?1716208843)
Figure 1
Open AccessCase Report
Anti-PF4 ELISA-Negative, SRA-Positive Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
by
Abraham Attah, Chelsea Peterson, Max Jacobs, Rama Bhagavatula, Deep Shah, Robert Kaplan and Yazan Samhouri
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(2), 295-298; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16020029 - 9 May 2024
Cited by 1
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Heparin products are frequently used in the inpatient setting to prevent and treat venous thromboembolism, but they simultaneously put patients at risk of developing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). The 4Ts score determines the pretest probability of HIT. Diagnosis is made with a screening antiplatelet
[...] Read more.
Heparin products are frequently used in the inpatient setting to prevent and treat venous thromboembolism, but they simultaneously put patients at risk of developing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). The 4Ts score determines the pretest probability of HIT. Diagnosis is made with a screening antiplatelet factor (PF4) immunoassay and the serotonin-release assay (SRA) as a confirmatory test. Anti-PF4 assays have high sensitivity (98%) but lower specificity (50%) and result in frequent false-positive tests. We present a rare case from our institution of a patient with anti-PF4–Polyanion ELISA-negative, SRA-positive HIT and describe the challenges in making a timely diagnosis in this case.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/hematolrep/hematolrep-16-00029/article_deploy/html/images/hematolrep-16-00029-g001-550.jpg?1715261010)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Moderate to Severe Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease: A Multicenter Chart Review Study
by
David Michonneau, Raynier Devillier, Mikko Keränen, Marie Thérèse Rubio, Malin Nicklasson, Hélène Labussière-Wallet, Martin Carre, Anne Huynh, Elisabet Viayna, Montserrat Roset, Jonathan Finzi, Minja Pfeiffer, Daniel Thunström, Núria Lara, Lorenzo Sabatelli, Patrice Chevallier and Maija Itälä-Remes
Hematol. Rep. 2024, 16(2), 283-294; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep16020028 - 6 May 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains a barrier to successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) outcomes. Contemporary comprehensive analyses of real-world clinical outcomes among patients who develop aGVHD post-HSCT are needed to better understand the unmet needs of this patient population. This multicenter,
[...] Read more.
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains a barrier to successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) outcomes. Contemporary comprehensive analyses of real-world clinical outcomes among patients who develop aGVHD post-HSCT are needed to better understand the unmet needs of this patient population. This multicenter, retrospective chart review describes treatment patterns and clinical outcomes among patients (≥18 years old) from Finland, Sweden, and France who developed grades II–IV aGVHD after their first HSCT (January 2016–June 2017). From 13 participating centers, 151 patients were included. The median (Q1, Q3) age at HSCT was 56 (45, 62) years old. One line of aGVHD treatment was received by 47.7%, and the most common first-line treatment was methylprednisolone (alone or in a combination regimen, 74.2%; monotherapy, 25.8%). Among patients treated with methylprednisolone, 79.5% achieved a complete or partial response. The median (Q1, Q3) number of treatment lines was 2.0 (1.0, 3.0). The median (Q1, Q3) time to obtain an aGVHD diagnosis from transplant was 29.5 (21.0, 44.0) days, and 14.5 (7.0, 34.0) days to achieve the best response for 110 evaluable patients. At 6 and 12 months, 53.6% and 49.0%, respectively, achieved a complete response. Chronic GVHD occurred in 37.7% of patients, and aGVHD reoccurred in 26.5%. Following aGVHD diagnosis, mortality rates were 30.0% at 6 months and 37.3% at 12 months. Findings from this study demonstrate a continuing unmet need for new therapies that control aGVHD and improve mortality.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/hematolrep/hematolrep-16-00028/article_deploy/html/images/hematolrep-16-00028-g001a-550.jpg?1714989278)
Figure 1
Highly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Topics
Topic in
Biomedicines, Biomolecules, Cancers, Cells, Hematology Reports, IJMS
Advances in Molecular Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapies for Multiple Myeloma
Topic Editors: Chung Hoow Kok, Cindy H. S. Lee, Claudio CerchioneDeadline: 20 July 2025
![loading...](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/loading_circle.gif?9a82694213036313?1721979229)
Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
Hematology Reports
State of the Art Papers from the XXXI IACRLD Symposium
Guest Editors: Claudio Cerchione, Giovanni Martinelli, Giuseppe Saglio, Ali BazarbachiDeadline: 1 December 2024
Special Issue in
Hematology Reports
Personalized Therapies and Clinical Outcomes for Older Patients with Lymphoma
Guest Editor: Yamasaki SatoshiDeadline: 31 December 2024
Special Issue in
Hematology Reports
Modern Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Lymphoma and Myeloma: Integration with Systemic Treatment and Advanced Imaging Techniques
Guest Editors: Michela Buglione Di Monale E Bastia, Andrea GueriniDeadline: 20 January 2025