In this paper, the authors propose a novel partially connected hybrid beamforming (PC-HBF) architecture, which employs variable phase shifters (VPSs) and constant phase shifters (CPSs) for analog beamforming to harness the potential of these two type...
In this article, we study a double-phase variable-exponent Kirchhoff problem and show the existence of at least three solutions. The proposed model, as a generalization of the Kirchhoff equation, is interesting since it is driven by a double-phase op...
Phase drift extremely limits the secure key rate and secure transmission distance, which is non-negligible in local oscillation continuous variable quantum key distribution (LLO CV-QKD). In order to eliminate the impact caused by phase drift, we anal...
Continuous-variable quantum communication (CVQC) operates under finite-resolution inference (finite data windows, calibration uncertainty, and estimator tolerances) and hardware control/readout limits that can be exploited by structured and adversari...
Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) relies on efficient information reconciliation to establish identical secret key sequences from correlated modulation data and measurement outcomes. Accurate quadrature measurements are essential...
This paper proposes a new beam steering antenna system consisting of two variable reflection-type phase shifters, a 3 dB coupler, and a 90° phase transition. The entire structure is designed and fabricated on a single layer of substrate integrate...
In this paper, a dynamic color-variable solar absorber is designed based on the phase change material Sb2Se3. High absorption is maintained under both amorphous Sb2Se3 (aSb2Se3) and crystalline Sb2Se3 (cSb2Se3). Before and after the phase transition...
Continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI-QKD) allows remote parties to share information-theoretical secure keys while defending all the side-channel attacks on measurement devices. However, the secure trans...
Time-modulated metasurfaces offer a novel technical approach for actively modulating and reconstructing radar target characteristics through their dynamic control of electromagnetic waves. However, existing SAR feature reconstruction methods based on...
In order to achieve a better complex conjugate artifacts (CCA) suppression, we propose a five-frame variable phase-shifting (FVP) method for spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The traditional five-frame invariant phase-shifting (F...
This paper proposes an optimized variable-frequency phase-shift modulation strategy based on frequency-domain analysis to address the issues of large reactive circulating current and low transmission efficiency in dual-active-bridge (DAB) converters...
Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) has been increasingly studied, which offers the advantage of compatibility with modern coherent optical communication systems. In contrast to CV-QKD with a transmitting local oscillator, the local...
Variable-period scanning beam interference lithography (VP-SBIL) can be used to fabricate varied-line-spacing (VLS) plane gratings. The exposure phase modulation method to pattern a VLS grating with a desired groove density must be carefully devised....
This paper puts forward an optimal quick-response variable structure control with a single-phase sine-wave inverter application, which keeps harmonic distortion as low as possible under various conditions of loading. Our proposed solution gives an im...
We further develop Kernel Quantum State Estimation (KQSE), a fully data-driven nonparametric method for continuous variable quantum state reconstruction and characterization, introduced in our recent work and rooted in nonparametric kernel density es...
In this paper, we prove the existence of at least two weak solutions to a class of singular two-phase problems with variable exponents involving a ψ-Hilfer fractional operator and Dirichlet-type boundary conditions when the term source is depende...
In this contribution, a generic two-phase stochastic variable neighborhood approach is applied to nurse rostering problems. The proposed algorithm is used for creating feasible and efficient nurse rosters for many different nurse rostering cases. In...
Composites are widely used in the building sector for high-rise building load-bearing components, bridge decks, prefabricated structural panels, and seismic-resistant members, where excellent mechanical performance and structural durability are criti...
This article presents a suboptimal nonlinear control strategy to improve the dynamics of a three-phase alternating current (AC) motor. Using dynamic programming, the calculation of the Bellman function is avoided by determining a suboptimal control s...
An adaptive super-twisting algorithm (ASTA)-based variable-damping strategy coordinated with five-vector model predictive current control (FV-MPCC) is proposed for a dual three-phase permanent magnet linear generator (DTP-PMLG) wave energy conversion...
Surface electromyography(sEMG) signals are used extensively in the study of lower limb locomotion, capturing and extracting information from various lower limb muscles as input for powered prostheses. Many transfemoral amputees have their lower limbs...
To address the harmonic issues associated with the pulse width modulation (PWM) method, this article introduces variable delayed time (VDT) space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) with double central symmetry for dual three-phase permanent magnet...
This paper presents a frequency-reconfigurable dual-band phase shifter operating in the n257 (26.5–29.5 GHz) and n260 (37–40 GHz) bands for fifth-generation (5G) communication. The proposed phase shifter is based on an active vector-summi...
Liquid crystals, which have high dielectric anisotropy even in the terahertz region and are easily controllable for dielectric permittivity by applying an electric field, have become increasingly attractive in recent years. The non-radiative dielectr...
This paper is devoted to double phase anisotropic variational problems for the case of a combined effect of concave–convex nonlinearities when the convex term does not require the Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz condition. The aim of the present pa...
In recent research, there has been a significant focus on establishing robust quantum cryptography using the continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) protocol based on Gaussian modulation of coherent states (GMCS). Unlike more stable fib...
The phase rule of Gibbs is one of the basic equations in phase equilibria. Although it has been with us for 150 years, discussions, interpretations and extensions have been published. Here, the following new content is provided: (i). the choice of in...
Sol–gel phase transitions are complex far-from-equilibrium processes characterized by limited reproducibility, whose origin remains poorly understood and rarely quantified. We investigated the thermally induced sol–gel transition of agar...
Understanding sea surface temperature (SST) variability is essential for assessing climate-driven changes in semi-enclosed basins such as the Black Sea. This study investigates SST variability in the western Black Sea over 2003–2024 using MODIS...
Phase Retrieval is defined as the recovery of a signal when only the intensity of its Fourier Transform is known. It is a non-linear and non-convex optimization problem with a multitude of applications including X-ray crystallography, microscopy and...
The effects of emulsification variables, such as surfactant type and heating/cooling emulsion processes, on the emulsification characteristics of silicone oil’s emulsions prepared by the phase inversion temperature method were investigated in t...
When a Hamiltonian system undergoes a stochastic, time-dependent anharmonic perturbation, the values of its adiabatic invariants as a function of time follow a distribution whose shape obeys a Fokker–Planck equation. The effective dynamics of the bod...
Electric variable speed drives (VSD) have been replacing mechanic and hydraulic systems in many sectors of industry and transportation because of their better performance and reduced cost. However, the electric systems still face the issue of being c...
The beam splitter is a common and critical element in optical systems. Traditional beam splitters composed of prisms or wave plates are difficult to be applied to miniaturized optical systems because they are bulky and heavy. The realization of the n...
In order to ease the structure and manufacturing process of the variable reluctance (VR) resolver, the three-phase symmetrical single-layer winding commonly used in the stator winding of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) is applied to the VR...
This paper presents a case study demonstrating the operation of a 50 kVA three-phase variable-speed diesel generator at a Spanish Antarctic research base, located in an area of special ecological and environmental value, under conditions of extreme h...
This paper presents a novel switchable branch-line coupler (BLC) designed to achieve variable phase shifts while maintaining a constant output power. The proposed design incorporates low stepwise phase shifters with incremental phase shifts of 10°...
The phase-to-height imaging model, as a three-dimensional (3D) measurement technology, has been commonly applied in fringe projection to assist surface profile measurement, where the efficient and accurate calculation of phase plays a critical role i...
This paper presents a voltage control system for multiphase squirrel-cage induction generators operating at a high variability of speed and variable load. Field-oriented vector control was used with a change in the sequence of the stator phase curren...
In this article, we present a 60 GHz low-phase-error current-reuse variable-gain amplifier (VGA) in 65 nm CMOS. The proposed VGA consists of an input stage, a variable gain stage, and an output stage. An impedance-invariant VGA is used to reduce phas...
Considering the current limitations and restricted scope of existing experiments, as well as the absence of corresponding numerical simulation verifications and comparisons, and the lack of actual case studies of variable mass flow calculation and co...
High-power laser pulse transmitted by phase modulation with certain spectrum distribution can suppress the buildup of transverse stimulated Brillouin scattering (TSBS) in large aperture laser optics and smooth the speckle pattern illuminating the tar...
The pulse-width modulation (PWM) variable spray system is the most widely used variable spray system in the world at present, which has the characteristics of a fast response, large flow adjustment range, and good atomization. Recently, the pressure...
Bacteriophage (phage) is regarded as an antimicrobial alternative for Campylobacter in food production. However, the development of phage resistance to the host is a main concern for the phage application. This study characterized the phage CP39 and...
We present a novel approach to second harmonic microscopy combining variable temperature and photon counting. This innovative method aims to generate Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) images by scanning the same area multiple times with short pixel dw...
This article presents an analysis of a converter based on an LC resonant inverter for induction heating applications. It employs a current-controlled variable transformer (VT) in conjunction with phase shift regulation (PS) to operate at a fixed freq...
Quantitative phase imaging can reveal morphological features without having to stain the biological sample. This property has important implications for intraoperative applications since the time spent during histopathology can be reduced from a few...
This study employs the fourth-order phase-field method (PFM) to investigate crack propagation. The PFM incurs significant computational costs due to its need for a highly dense node arrangement for accurate crack propagation. This study proposes an a...
Planetary gearboxes are the key components of large equipment, such as wind turbines, shield machines, etc. The operating state of the planetary gearbox is related to the safety of the equipment as a whole, and its feature extraction technology is es...
The operating conditions of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) are influenced by manipulated variables, such as the feed rate, primary air, and grate speed, as well as non-manipulated variables, such as municipal solid waste (MSW) particle siz...
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