How the human brain works is still a question, as is its implication with brain architecture: the non-trivial structure–function relationship. The main hypothesis is that the anatomic architecture conditions, but does not determine, the neural...
Levansucrase LevS from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F is a multidomain fructansucrase (MD-FN) that contains additional domains (ADs) to the catalytic domain. However, the understanding of the effect that these ADs have on enzyme activity remains va...
The Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT) is a bacterial virulence factor produced by several Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. These bacteria, found in distinct niches, cause diverse infectious diseases and produce CDTs differing in sequence and struct...
The study of the structure–function relationship of ion channels has been one of the most challenging goals in contemporary physiology. Revelation of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of ion channels has facilitated our understanding of many...
This study aimed to determine the structure–function relationship (SFR) for ChCl–glycerol mixtures, a deep eutectic solvent (DES), by investigating their microscopic solvation dynamics and how it relates to their macroscopic properties ac...
Minocycline (MNC) is a tetracycline antibiotic capable of associating with cyclodextrin (CD), and it is a frontline drug for many instances of implant infection. Due to its broad-spectrum activity and long half-life, MNC represents an ideal drug for...
The effect of collagen peptides (CPs) in intestinal mucosal protection has been approved in both cell and animal models. However, its structure–activity relationship and efficient peptide sequences are unclear, which hinders the in-depth study...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormalities in structure and function of the brain. However, how ASD affects the relationship between fiber-bundle microstructures and functional connectivit...
Hydrocolloids comprise a diverse class of high-molecular-weight polymeric carbohydrates associated with a wide range of physicochemical and functional properties. This review provides an integrated analysis of natural hydrocolloids derived from algal...
Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the structure–function characteristics and vision-related quality of life (VR-QoL) in uveitic glaucoma (UG) compared with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). Method: The study included 69 patients with UG and 1...
Biomacromolecules have emerged as versatile building blocks for advanced drug delivery systems owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, chemical functionality, molecular recognition, and capacity for hierarchical organization. However, thei...
Functional nanocomposites have emerged as a transformative class of materials for advanced energy and electronic applications due to their ability to integrate multiple functionalities within engineered nanoscale architectures. This review provides a...
Skin health depends on the coordinated maintenance of barrier integrity, immune homeostasis, redox balance, microbial ecology, and systemic metabolic status. Among dietary constituents, polysaccharides have attracted increasing attention because they...
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short polypeptide molecules produced by multicellular organisms that are involved in host defense and microbiome preservation. In recent years, AMPs have attracted attention as novel drug candidates. However, their s...
Membrane proteins reside in the lipid bilayer of biomembranes and the structure and function of these proteins are closely related to their interactions with lipid molecules. Structural analyses of interactions between membrane proteins and lipids or...
MXenes have emerged as a rapidly expanding family of two-dimensional transition-metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, characterized by exceptional compositional diversity, tunable surface chemistry, metallic conductivity, hydrophilicity, mecha...
The genomes from complex eukaryotes are enriched in non-coding genes whose transcription products (non-coding RNAs) are involved in the regulation of genomic output at different levels. Non-coding RNA action is predominantly driven by sequence and st...
Background: Polysaccharide–iron complexes (PICs) are widely used oral iron supplements, but their gastrointestinal tolerability varies and remains incompletely understood. As typical non-biological complex drugs (NBCDs), PICs exhibit structural...
Purpose: To explore anatomically adjusted point-to-point relationships between macular sensitivity and intraretinal layer thickness in healthy and glaucomatous eyes using combined optical coherence tomography (OCT) and microperimetry. Methods: Sevent...
β-glucan is a non-starch soluble polysaccharide widely present in yeast, mushrooms, bacteria, algae, barley, and oat. β-Glucan is regarded as a functional food ingredient due to its various health benefits. The high molecular weight (Mw) an...
Modern material design aims to achieve multifunctionality through integrating structures in a diverse range, resulting in simple materials with embedded functions. Biological materials and organisms are typical examples of this concept, where complex...
Phosphatases are hydrolytic enzymes that cleave the phosphoester bond of numerous substrates containing phosphorylated residues. The typical classification divides them into acid or alkaline depending on the pH at which they have optimal activity. Th...
The intrauterine environment is critical for fetal growth and organ development. Evidence from animal models indicates that the developing kidney is vulnerable to suboptimal maternal nutrition and changes in health status. However, evidence from huma...
Liposomes are among the most extensively studied delivery systems owing to their biocompatibility, structural versatility, and ability to improve the stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds. Meanwhile, edible fungal polysaccharides (EFPs...
Glycosyltransferase (GTs) is a wide class of enzymes that transfer sugar moiety, playing a key role in the synthesis of bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS) biopolymer. In recent years, increased demand for bacterial EPSs has been observed in pharmaceut...
Bigels (BGs) were formulated using gelatin (GA) or gellan gum (GG) hydrogels (HGs) combined with beeswax-structured oleogels (OGs). Carob fruit extracts—an inositol-rich fraction (I-CFE) and a polyphenol-rich fraction (P-CFE)—were incorpo...
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) starch is valued for its large granules, high paste viscosity, and neutral taste, yet its gelatinized form is rapidly digested and its native granules resist enzymatic attack. This review synthesizes peer-reviewed studie...
The endosomal-type Na+, K+/H+ antiporters (NHXs) play important roles in K+, vesicle pH homeostasis, and protein trafficking in plant. However, the structure governing ion transport mechanism and the key residues related to the structure–functi...
Carboxylate-ligand-based coordination polymers and metal complexes form structurally adaptable crystalline systems, spanning discrete complexes, one-dimensional chains, two-dimensional layers, three-dimensional frameworks, and MOF-like architectures....
The investigation of the structure–function relationship in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferases (HGPRT) is a direction that is relevant for the development of drugs and approaches of enzymatic synthesis of modified nucleosides and n...
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a plant-derived polysaccharide with a long history of food use and a rapidly expanding portfolio of biomedical applications. Yet despite decades of research, translation of KGM-based materials from laboratory proof-of-conc...
The growing demand for sustainable protein sources has accelerated the development of plant-based meat analogs, with high-moisture extrusion (HME) emerging as a leading technology for producing whole-cut, anisotropic structures. Although substantial...
A synthesis is provided of the roles of the carotenoids zeaxanthin and/or lutein in opposing (i) photodamage in plants, (ii) photodamage to the human eye as well as cognitive dysfunction and a host of human diseases and disorders, and (iii) damage to...
Collagen is a family of large, fibrous biomacromolecules common in animals, distinguished by unique molecular, structural, and functional properties. Despite the relatively low complexity of their sequences and the repetitive conformation of the trip...
Protein sequence, structure, and function are inherently linked through evolution and population genetics. Our knowledge of protein structure comes from solved structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), our knowledge of sequence through sequences fou...
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a critical family in the human proteome and are involved in various physiological processes. They are also the most important drug target, with approximately 30% of approved drugs acting on such receptors. The...
Machine learning (ML) in materials science refers to computational methods that learn statistical, structural, or physics-informed relationships from experimental, computational, and literature-derived materials data. These methods are used to predic...
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are widely recognized for their nutritional and health benefits, yet their high susceptibility to oxidative degradation remains a major challenge in the development of stable food-grade delivery systems. Pr...
Macroalgal polysaccharides represent a diverse group of structurally complex biopolymers with significant potential in biomedicine and functional food applications. This review provides a comprehensive examination of their structural features, biolog...
Whether there is any inclination between structures and functions of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is a mystery yet to be unraveled. AMPs have various structures associated with many different antimicrobial functions, including antibacterial, antican...
Marine algae have attracted a great deal of interest as excellent sources of nutrients. Polysaccharides are the main components in marine algae, hence a great deal of attention has been directed at isolation and characterization of marine algae polys...
The construction of high-performance n-type semiconductors is crucial for the advancement of organic electronics. As an attractive n-type semiconductor, molecular systems based on perylene diimide derivatives (PDIs) have been extensively investigated...
The molecular identity of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) was presented in 2012, forty years after the active transport of cytosolic pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix was first demonstrated. An impressive amount of in vivo and in vitro...
This study aimed to investigate the association between retinal sensitivity and retinal microstructures in fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and hyperautofluorescent (hyper...
A homeodomain-containing transcription factor Csx/Nkx2.5 is an importantregulator of cardiogensis in mammals. There has been considerable interest in understandingdeterminants of the diverse cardiac phenotypes associated with Csx/Nkx2.5 mutationssitu...
The retinal ganglion cells (RGC) may be considered an easily accessible pathophysiological site of degenerative processes in neurological diseases, such as the RGC damage detectable in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with (HON) and without a history...
Ribozymes, DNAzymes, and fluorescent light-up aptamers combine sequence-programmable recognition with catalytic activity or ligand-dependent signal generation. Our review examines their functional diversity, current progress in studies of structure a...
This article presents a comprehensive investigation into the functionalization of methoxyphenylazobenzene using electron-directing groups located at the meta position relative to the azo group. Spectroscopic analysis of meta-functionalized azobenzene...
The importance of intrinsically disordered late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins in the tolerance to abiotic stresses involving cellular dehydration is undisputed. While structural transitions of LEA proteins in response to changes in water avai...
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators in a multitude of biological processes. However, their functional basis, particularly structure-based functional characteristics, remains elusive. lncRNAs exert their influence primari...
of 163