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Hydrocolloids: Characteristics and Applications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical and Molecular Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 910

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Group Polysaccharides and Hydrocolloids, Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
Interests: analysis characterization of polysaccharides (crop-based and microbial) in aqueous media by means of distribution analyses (chromatography for homogeneous subsystems, AF4 for the mix of homogenous and heterogeneous systems); investigation of electrokinetic mobility and correlated size analyses; rheology/viscosimetry and surface/interface-energy analysis due to drop geometry and contact angle
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to the capability of supermolecular objects in the range of nanometers to micrometers to respond sensitively to changing milieu conditions, colloids—or rather colloidal systems—constitute a wide range of practical applications. In addition to molecular-level solvent/solute systems, colloidal systems comprise an equilibrium of three phases: a continuous phase (c), a phase of dispersed or emulsified supermolecular objects in this medium (d), and a phase of modifiers (m) distributed or more or less dissolved in both phases, represented by charged or neutral small molecules or polymers. Thus, the control of colloidal systems requires molecular-level information (chemical composition distribution) of each of these phases, information about the contribution of the binary states (c-d, c-m, d-m), monitoring of dimensions and electrokinetic mobilities, estimation of supermolecular interface forces, and data on response capability spectrum upon applied external forces. Additionally, consequences of variations in applied procedures, e.g., dependences on various modes and/or the sequence and intensity of applied steps, need to be considered.

Major fields of application for colloidal systems with an aqueous continuous phase include industrial food processing and the design of pharmaceutical compounds. Stabilization of nutritional values with an appropriate texture and organoleptic acceptance in the framework of legal regulations at affordable costs are interesting issues, as well as targeted transport mechanisms and retarded release of active compounds. Practically, the challenge is the reproducible production and handling of colloidal systems. Sensitive mixtures of homogeneous and heterogeneous partitions where the law of masses, the crucial approach in traditional chemistry, decreases to a sidekick status of dissolution, and electrokinetic mobilities become increasingly important. Additionally, flow behavior, adsorption characteristics, and response capabilities upon controlled stress on diffuse structures and objects up to the micrometer range become dominant.

This Special Issue invites the submission of original research articles and comprehensive reviews focusing on hydrocolloidal systems. Topics of interest include their production and synthesis, analysis and characterization, as well as instances of applications, among other relevant themes.

Dr. Anton Huber
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • hydrocolloidal systems
  • nano-structured systems
  • continuous aqueous phase (c)
  • dispersed/emulsified phase (d)
  • charged and/or neutral modifier (small molecules or polymers) (m)
  • mix of homogenous and heterogeneous partitions (binary systems c-d, c-m, d-m)
  • status of dissolution in binary systems
  • distribution of dimension and geometry of super-molecular d-objects
  • interface properties of d-objects
  • adsorption characteristics on d-objects
  • diffusive and electrokinetic mobilities
  • synthesis/establishing and modification of colloidal systems
  • stabilization/destabilization mechanisms
  • response capabilities upon applied stress
  • analytical separation techniques
  • analytical detection techniques
  • application of hydrocolloidal systems in food processing
  • pharmaceutical applications of hydrocolloidal systems

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 1537 KB  
Article
Physicochemical Properties, Colloidal Stability, and Encapsulation Efficiency of Lecithin-Based and Chitosan-Coated Liposomes Loaded with Cinnamomum zeylanicum Bioactives
by Sheba M. Culas, Lovedeep Kaur, David G. Popovich and Ali Rashidinejad
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(8), 3754; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16083754 - 11 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Cinnamomum zeylanicum (C. zeylanicum) is rich in bioactives, such as cinnamaldehyde and phenols, which are susceptible to thermal degradation, volatilisation, and oxidative deterioration during processing and storage, thereby reducing chemical stability and limiting bioavailability. Encapsulation using lecithin and chitosan-based systems mitigates [...] Read more.
Cinnamomum zeylanicum (C. zeylanicum) is rich in bioactives, such as cinnamaldehyde and phenols, which are susceptible to thermal degradation, volatilisation, and oxidative deterioration during processing and storage, thereby reducing chemical stability and limiting bioavailability. Encapsulation using lecithin and chitosan-based systems mitigates these instabilities by forming a protective barrier against oxygen, light, and heat while enhancing structural stability. In this study, freeze-dried extracts of C. zeylanicum were encapsulated into lecithin-based primary liposomes (PL) and chitosan-coated secondary liposomes (CH/L). The coating of liposomes with chitosan improves the liposome stability, mucoadhesion, and provides protection in the gastric pH while facilitating electrostatic bonding with the biological membrane. The high compatibility and low toxicity of chitosan also make it a suitable carrier in food and nutraceutical applications. The formed liposomes were characterised for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and storage stability over 8 weeks. CH/L showed superior EE (89.027%) compared to the PL (84.154%; p < 0.05). The particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of the cinnamon-loaded lecithin-based primary liposome (CZ-PL) upon formation were 161.93 nm, 0.13, and −37.597 mV. In comparison, those of the cinnamon-loaded chitosan-coated liposomes (CZ-CH/L) were 591.7 nm, 0.27, and +28.17 mV. The particle size of CZ-PL and CZ-CH/L was 175.90 and 588.60 nm after 8 weeks of storage. The TEM confirmed the spherical morphology of the liposomes. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis demonstrated the disappearance of the characteristic cinnamon melting peak and shifts in liposomal transition temperatures, confirming successful encapsulation. FTIR analysis showed reduction or disappearance of characteristic cinnamon fingerprint peaks and slight band shifts, indicating successful encapsulation and non-covalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding and electrostatic effects, within the liposomal systems. These findings imply that lecithin-based and chitosan-coated liposomes could be employed to successfully carry C. zeylanicum bioactives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrocolloids: Characteristics and Applications)
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17 pages, 3506 KB  
Article
Experimental Insights into Influence of Surfactants on Thermophysical Properties of a Titanium Oxide Water Nanofluid
by George Cătălin Tofan, Bogdan Pricop, Cătălin Andrei Ţugui and Alina Adriana Minea
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(4), 1890; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16041890 - 13 Feb 2026
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Abstract
Nanofluid development is facing the challenge of instability despite the significant body of research dedicated to developing new nanoparticle-enhanced fluids. Numerous combinations of fluids and particles have been studied; however, the research on surfactants is rather limited, and the results are scattered. This [...] Read more.
Nanofluid development is facing the challenge of instability despite the significant body of research dedicated to developing new nanoparticle-enhanced fluids. Numerous combinations of fluids and particles have been studied; however, the research on surfactants is rather limited, and the results are scattered. This paper is dedicated to the study of two regular polymeric surfactants (PVP and PSS) as well as two polyethylene glycols and one ionic liquid as possible alternatives. The results of a coordinated experiment are followed by a discussion of the density, thermal conductivity, thermal effusivity and viscosity of several samples with the same amount of titanium oxide nanoparticles dispersed in water and different mass concentrations of surfactants (2, 4 and 6%wt.). The results indicated that both the thermal properties and viscosity are negatively affected by the addition of surfactant, which is a drawback. The viscosity remains within a reasonable variation (i.e., between a 0.7 and 1.5% increase) for concentrations of PEG 200, PEG 400 and PSS up to 2%wt. Also, the addition of titania nanoparticles increases the water thermal conductivity by 1.8%, while the addition of surfactant decreases the overall values by around 5%. This disadvantage is amplified when also considering the foam creation, characteristic of all regular surfactants, that limits their real-life applications in turbulent flow. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrocolloids: Characteristics and Applications)
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