Vertical ground reaction force is an important parameter for describing the developmental characteristics of young children’s vertical jumping. However, its application in large-scale physical fitness monitoring and routine teaching practice is great...
The vertical structure of ice clouds and vertical air motion (Vair) were investigated using vertically pointing Ka-band cloud radar. The distributions of reflectivity (Z), Doppler velocity (VD), and spectrum width (SW) were analyzed for three ice clo...
Direct sound that is captured by the upper layer of a three-dimensional (3D) microphone array is typically regarded as vertical interchannel crosstalk (VIC), since it tends to produce an undesired effect of the sound source image being elevated from...
The hydraulic characteristics of vertical-slot double-chamber fishways are critical determinants of fish passage efficiency. Various geometric dimensions and hydraulic operating parameters jointly determine the internal flow characteristics of vertic...
Double-barrel flap, vertical distraction and iliac crest graft are used to reconstruct the vertical height of the fibula. Twenty-four patients with fibula flap were reconstructed comparing these techniques (eight patients in each group) in terms of h...
The design, key functionalities, and performance requirements placed on modern aircraft navigation systems must adhere to the needs imposed by the progressively growing UAS/UAM and eVTOL segments, especially for terminal area operations in urban area...
Transient behavior analysis, including rate transient analysis (RTA) and pressure transient analysis (PTA), is a powerful tool to investigate the production performance of the vertical commingled well from long-term production data and capture the fo...
While early ideal consolidation theories for vertical drains focused primarily on radial flow, numerous coupled radial–vertical seepage models have since been developed to better capture complex flow behavior in practice. To overcome this limit...
The classification of precipitation clouds, particularly the identification of severe convective clouds, is of paramount importance for meteorological forecasting and disaster warning systems. Current precipitation cloud observations typically rely o...
Vertical gardens have emerged alongside the increase in urban density and land scarcity to reintegrate greenery in the built environment. Existing maintenance for vertical gardens is labour-intensive, time-consuming and is being increasingly compleme...
Pile foundations used for structures, such as tall buildings and bridges, especially in coastal and heavily flooded areas, experience uncertain lateral loads. The wave action of water applies a lateral load on the pile, which cannot be predicted accu...
The welfare implications of vertical mergers have been a subject of disagreement for decades. Similar to horizontal mergers, economists need to weigh the efficiency gains relative to the market power concerns when considering the competitive effects...
This study addresses the calculation of vertical stability for shaft walls during floating and sinking processes in deep vertical shaft drilling in Western China. A mechanical model for the elastic support of the drilling shaft wall was developed by...
The vertical curve is designed to smooth sudden gradient changes in the longitudinal profile, enhancing train operational safety and passenger comfort. However, dynamic detection in these segments has consistently encountered issues with long-wavelen...
Vertical takeoff and vertical landing (VTVL) vehicles, based on throttling liquid rocket engines, are attracting increasing attention for their validation of guidance and control techniques during landing. However, validation requires the vehicle to...
In the construction of super-tall buildings, it is rather important to control the verticality. In general, a laser plummet is used to transmit coordinates of reference points from the ground layer-by-layer, which can effectively control the vertical...
Array gain (AG) is significant in evaluating the detection performance of the vertical line array, which is directly determined by the correlation of signal and noise, respectively. In this paper, we analyze the vertical correlation for a 16-element...
Patients diagnosed with traumatic or non-traumatic spinal pain and idiopathic scoliosis frequently suffer from imbalance. The evaluation of the perception of verticality by means of visual tests emerges as a quick and easy tool for clinical managemen...
This paper introduces a technique to transform between geometric and barometric estimates of altitude and vice-versa. Leveraging forecast numerical weather models, the method is unbiased and has a vertical error with a standard deviation of around 30...
The top management team (TMT) is a key resource for an enterprise’s sustainability, and the study of TMT characteristics is very important to explain the factors involved in an enterprise’s development. In order to comprehensively evaluat...
Vertical farming is on its way to becoming an addition to conventional agricultural practices, improving sustainable food production for the growing world population under increasing climate stress. While the early development of vertical farming sys...
This paper proposes a new vibration isolation mounting system, with spherical balls and vertical spring dampers, that provides seismic protection from horizontal and vertical ground excitation. To characterize the system, nonlinear governing equation...
In this research, a hydraulic characterization of a 14 km segment of the San Pedro River, flowing through the center of the Aguascalientes Valley, was conducted. More than 50 years of flow measurement records were processed to obtain daily flows duri...
25 November 2022
The depletion of usable agricultural lands has brought up a scenario of vertical farming. This type of farming is mostly considered soil-less farming in the vertical direction. Three of the commonly used soil-less ways for vertical farming include hy...
5 March 2019
In this work, a two-strain dengue model with vertical transmission in the mosquito population is considered. Although vertical transmission is often ignored in models of dengue fever, we show that effective control of an outbreak of dengue can depend...
The perceptual effects of interchannel decorrelation on perceived image spread have been investigated subjectively in both horizontal and vertical stereophonic reproductions, looking specifically at the frequency dependency of decorrelation. Fourteen...
Vertical surface light sources, widely applied in public spaces, easily trigger discomfort glare due to direct visual exposure. As a core lighting parameter, background luminance (
Vertical shaft natural ventilation is a common smoke exhaust method in highway tunnel fires. This study investigated the vertical shaft natural smoke exhaust work in highway tunnel fires with the effect of multiple factors through numerical simulatio...
Today’s rapidly changing economic and social environment requires many new and sustainable solutions for the agricultural sector, in particular in terms of achieving higher yields and conserving arable land. However, the latest technologies and...
Cyanobacteria often cause harmful algal blooms and release toxic substances that can harm humans and animals. Accurately modeling these phytoplankton is a step towards predicting, preventing, and controlling such blooms. Certain cyanobacteria species...
It is important to understand the statistical–physical structure of the rain in the vertical so that observations aloft can be translated meaningfully into what will occur at the surface. In order to achieve this understanding, it is necessary to gat...
Given the possible separation problem caused by the double-span continuous beam bridge under the action of the vertical earthquake, considering the wave effect, the transient wave characteristic function method and the indirect mode superposition met...
To solve the problem of array detection performance in environments with mesoscale eddies, this study utilizes the Gaussian eddy model to describe the sound speed structure disturbed by eddies. Through numerical simulations, the corresponding sound f...
The effect of the vertical component of earthquakes on the structural behaviour of unreinforced masonry (URM) walls is usually not considered by technical codes for ordinary buildings. Recent scientific literature, however, indicates that the earthqu...
A vertical greening system is becoming increasingly crucial in resolving the energy crisis and environmental problems in a sustainable ecosystem. Researchers have conducted a comprehensive study on vertical greening systems from technology, functiona...
Vertical farming has been proposed as a solution for diminishing arable land as it significantly reduces the footprint of farming. Most contemporary solutions use a low level of automation; however, automation of vertical farming is currently attract...
In all design criteria, earthwork optimization is essential for the determination of optimal vertical alignment of a highway project. Actually, there can be numerous grade line alternatives for given ground elevations; thus, the objective is to find...
The accurate estimation of the zero-height geopotential level in a local vertical datum (LVD) is critical for linking traditional height reference systems to a global height system. In this paper, we investigate the theoretical and practical challeng...
Vacuum channel transistors are potential candidates for low-loss and high-speed electronic devices beyond complementary metal-oxide-semiconductors (CMOS). When the nanoscale transport distance is smaller than the mean free path (MFP) in atmospheric p...
Vertical PGA is frequently included in civil engineering regulations simply by multiplying the horizontal PGA by a constant. Moreover, most design codes, including Eurocode 8, do not consider the impact of the local soil on vertical ground motion at...
Vertical farming has emerged as a promising solution to cope with increasing food demand, urbanization pressure, and limited resources and to ensure sustainable year-round urban agriculture. The aim of this review was to investigate the evolving tech...
This paper describes and critically reviews an important but under-theorized value capture mechanism that we have termed “vertical allocations” (or vertical exactions). This mechanism enables cities to capture value vertically by allocating floor spa...
Exploiting wind energy, which is a complex process in urban areas, requires turbines suitable for unfavorable weather conditions, in order to trap the wind from different directions; Savonius turbines are suitable for these conditions. In this paper,...
Vertical nystagmus is a common neuro-ophthalmic sign in vestibular medicine. Vertical nystagmus not only reflects the functional state of vertical semicircular canal but also reflects the effect of otoliths. Medical experts can take nystagmus symptom...
Background: This study analysed whether vertical measurements in the maxillary posterior region are more accurate using panoramic radiography (PAN) or cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Corresponding maxillary posterior regions on both PA...
The present paper deals with the analytical evaluation of the hydrodynamic characteristics of an array of vertical axisymmetric bodies of arbitrary shape, placed in front of a reflecting vertical breakwater, which can be conceived as floaters for wav...
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in atmospheric chemistry. Primary VOCs take part in chemical and photochemical reactions, contributing to ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, which may cause air pollution...
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in the world. Approximately 296 million people are chronically infected. In endemic areas, vertical transmission is a common route of transmission. There are several strategies for th...
Traditional road geometric design is based on assumptions regarding human perception and reaction, which directly influences Stopping Sight Distance (SSD) and the associated design parameters of vertical curves. Under a future scenario of full autono...
Low carbon road design has always been a research hotspot for scholars. One of the primary road variables affecting the carbon emission of automobiles is vertical curve, which serves as the primary geometric alignment of the longitudinal portion of t...
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