Vertical Structure of Ice Clouds and Vertical Air Motion from Vertically Pointing Cloud Radar Measurements
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data
3. Methods
3.1. Classification of Ice Clouds
3.2. Estimation of Terminal Velocity and Vertical Air Motion
4. Results
4.1. Properties of Radar Parameters
4.2. Estimation of Terminal Velocity and Vertical Air Motion
4.3. Variability of Vertical Air Motion in a Case of Kelvin–Helmholtz (K–H) Wave on 18 June 2013
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Frequency (wavelength) | 33.44 GHz (8.9 mm) |
Transmitter | Magnetron |
Peak power | ≥15 kW |
Antenna diameter | 1.5 m |
Beamwidth | 0.42° |
Gate spacing/maximum range | 15 m/15 km |
Polarization mode | Single transmitting, dual receiving |
Product | Linear depolarization ratio (LDR), radar reflectivity (Z), Doppler velocity (VD), spectrum width (SW) |
Case No. | Period | Height (km) | Case No. | Period | Height (km) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 13/06/2014, 10–23 UTC | 8–14 | C18 | 18/09/2015, 06–23 UTC | 7–11 |
C2 | 14/06/2014, 00–23 UTC | 7–13 | C19 | 24/09/2015, 00–18 UTC | 6–14 |
C3 | 26/06/2014, 00–09 UTC | 8–13 | S1 | 05/07/2014, 10–21 UTC | 5–14 |
C4 | 27/06/2014, 05–23 UTC | 6–12 | S2 | 16/07/2014, 08–17 UTC | 5–13 |
C5 | 08/07/2014, 07–13 UTC | 10–14 | S3 | 12/10/2014, 05–23 UTC | 5–13 |
C6 | 16/08/2014, 00–11 UTC | 10–13 | S4 | 11/07/2015, 04–23 UTC | 5.5–14 |
C7 | 30/08/2014, 01–12 UTC | 8–13 | S5 | 23/09/2015, 00–09 UTC | 4.5–13 |
C8 | 22/09/2014, 10–21 UTC | 11–15 | S6 | 30/09/2015, 00–18 UTC | 5–14 |
C9 | 25/09/2014, 07–23 UTC | 6–12 | A1 | 16/06/2014, 11–14 UTC | 4–13 |
C10 | 15/10/2014, 15–21 UTC | 8–12 | A2 | 12/09/2014, 00–02 UTC | 4–12 |
C11 | 15/03/2015, 05–11 UTC | 6–10 | A3 | 12/10/2014, 00–02UTC | 4–13 |
C12 | 03/04/2015, 03–10 UTC | 8–13 | A4 | 22/05/2015, 10–14 UTC | 4–13 |
C13 | 14/06/2015, 07–21 UTC | 8–13 | A5 | 04/06/2015, 14–15 UTC | 4–13 |
C14 | 23/06/2015, 01–21 UTC | 7–14 | A6 | 17/06/2015, 03–04 UTC | 4–14 |
C15 | 02/07/2015, 00–09 UTC | 10–14 | A7 | 06/07/2015, 04–10 UTC | 4–14 |
C16 | 09/07/2015, 00–23 UTC | 8–13 | A8 | 16/09/2015, 02–06 UTC | 4–12 |
C17 | 09/08/2015, 00–23 UTC | 6–13 | A9 | 22/09/2015, 17–22 UTC | 4–13 |
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Ye, B.-Y.; Lee, G. Vertical Structure of Ice Clouds and Vertical Air Motion from Vertically Pointing Cloud Radar Measurements. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 4349. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214349
Ye B-Y, Lee G. Vertical Structure of Ice Clouds and Vertical Air Motion from Vertically Pointing Cloud Radar Measurements. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13(21):4349. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214349
Chicago/Turabian StyleYe, Bo-Young, and GyuWon Lee. 2021. "Vertical Structure of Ice Clouds and Vertical Air Motion from Vertically Pointing Cloud Radar Measurements" Remote Sensing 13, no. 21: 4349. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214349