Engineering Proceedings, Volume 88, Issue 1

The European Navigation Conference 2024 (ENC 2024) took place at the European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) of the European Space Agency (ESA) in Noordwijk, the Netherlands, from 22 to 24 May 2024 [...]

In this paper, Flare Bright presents flight test results gathered using a ~2m fixed wingspan drone to demonstrate the capability that has been achieved using an Inertial Navigation System (INS) augmented by Machine Learning tuned software. INSs, usin...

The data and pilot channel of the Global Positioning System (GPS) L5 signal and other modernized signals of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) are subject to an intra-signal bias. This tracking-mode-dependent bias causes problems for the h...

The emerging development of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) software receivers has opened new opportunities in diverse operations. However, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) concatenated signal reception is one prevalent deterioration factor causing...

Civilian Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) play a crucial role in critical infrastructure and safety-critical applications, where their low signal power and open descriptions make them vulnerable to threats such as jamming and spoofing. To a...

The Galileo program is adding a layer of security through the Galileo Assisted Commercial Authentication Service (ACAS). This service complements Galileo Open Service Navigation Message Authentication (OSNMA) by introducing signal authentication thro...

Mitigating multipath interference is one of the biggest challenges in radio positioning. The Supercorrelation™ technology developed via Focal Point Positioning (FPP) suppresses multipath interference by performing long coherent integration whil...

With the renewed interest in the Moon, manifested by the growing number of planned missions for the past decade, space agencies are investing in reliable and dedicated lunar communication and navigation systems and services, such as the Moonlight pro...

In this paper, we present the performance reporting of one of the selected Galileo services, namely the HAS. Specifically, we present the evolution of the monitored Galileo HAS correction quality and availability as well as the HAS-derived user posit...

Multipath is one of the most challenging factors to model and/or characterize in the GNSS observation error budget. In the case of ground stations, code phase static multipath is typically the largest contributor of local observation errors. Current...

Railway transportation systems have high accuracy and high integrity demands for safe localization. In the future, railway signaling is expected to rely on onboard sensors like Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) in order to reduce installati...

GNSS-Inertial integration brings great potential to detect and mitigate the effect of erroneous (spoofed) GNSS data. When a trajectory of an airplane diverges from (or is inconsistent with) inertial data, the integrated system may detect this erroneo...

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) have become a critical service in modern society, and this has increased the need for GNSS situational awareness. On top of this, the GNSS field is rapidly changing. Increased signal interference has been o...

This paper demonstrates the benefits of adapting Zero Velocity Update (ZVU) algorithms in foot-mounted pedestrian inertial navigation by finely tuning the algorithm to account for the type of terrain over which the pedestrian travels. Conventional ZV...

Requirements for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications in low-altitude operations are escalating, which demands resilient Position, Navigation and Timing (PNT) solutions incorporating global navigation satellite system (GNSS) services. However,...

Electrically charged particles present in this layer of the Earth’s atmosphere can alter radio waves, such as those from GPS, Galileo, or BeiDou, resulting in non-estimated errors with respect to the available navigation models for the end user...

This paper addresses the selection and justification of ephemeris parameters to be broadcast in a LEO-PNT navigation message. The temporal evolution of LEO orbital elements is analyzed, proving that the GPS/GAL model needs to evolve to cope with LEO...

Acquiring and tracking multiple frequencies across many GNSS satellites introduces computation complexity, resulting in higher power consumption. A relatively small but optimal list of signals and satellites may result in better performance without a...

This paper explores the usage of LEO-PNT (Positioning, Navigation, and Timing) for providing navigation integrity to GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) constellations. LEO mega-constellations, which are positioned between GNSSs and users, offe...

This work presents the initial experimentation of a real-time 5G mmWave downlink positioning testbed deployed at Airbus premises. This experimentation is part of a first-of-a-kind testbed for hybrid Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), fifth-g...

Traditional Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are subject to intentional or unintentional disturbances in the northern regions of Norway, leading to loss of critical infrastructure. The VHF Data Exchange System (VDES) has been suggested as...

Magnetic flux density (MFD) map matching is a technique that can provide absolute position solutions by comparing a series of MFD measurements with a database. Map matching relies on the consistent measurement of the same physical phenomena during th...

The last decade has seen a surge in the development and deployment of low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations primarily serving broadband communication applications. These developments have also influenced the interest providing positioning, navigation,...

This paper presents an end-to-end solution towards authenticated positioning using only Galileo E1B signal by utilizing the Open Service Navigation Message Authentication (OSNMA). One of the primary objectives of this work is to offer a complete OSNM...

Nowadays, high precision and reliability of Global Navigation Satellite Systems are increasingly important in positioning applications. Machine learning is used to improve the performance of the GSHARP PPP algorithm by reducing the effect of multipat...

Since 2022, DLR’s Mobile Rocket Base (MORABA) has observed jamming of GNSS signals on sounding rockets launched from Esrange in northern Sweden and Andøya Space Center (ASC) in northern Norway. The jamming primarily affected the GPS L1,...

Assessing the quality of a received signal is of fundamental importance to predict the performance of the receiver. In general, the signal to noise ratio (SNR) or the carrier to noise density $C/N_0$ ratio is used as an indicator to describe the signal...

Galileo Signal Authentication Service (SAS) is an assisted signal authentication capability under development by Galileo, designed to enhance the robustness of the European Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) against malicious attacks like spoo...

This paper addresses the critical issue of unwanted interference in airborne GNSS receivers, crucial for navigational safety. Previous studies often simplified the problem, but this work offers a comprehensive approach, considering factors like Earth...

The aim of this study was to develop basic findings for a continuous Signal Quality Monitoring system based on a measurement campaign. Four Galileo satellites were repeatedly recorded, using a dish antenna, and their metrics were analyzed. Due to the...

With the renewed interest in the Moon, several countries are launching projects to explore the Moon (at both institutional and private level). As part of the Moonlight Programme, the European Space Agency (ESA) is developing Lunar Communication and N...

Interference signals can disrupt global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers and degrade or deny a position-velocity-time (PVT) solution. After detecting an interference signal, classifying its type can provide insight into its cause and help...

The deployment of a lunar navigation satellite system will be justified by the provision of navigation services to the many planned lunar missions that will include both orbiting and surface users. In this context, system monitoring and system valida...

The IEC 61108-7 standard focuses on the minimum performance required by shipborne receivers using satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) L1 signals to be compliant with the performance specified in IMO Resolution A.1046(27). Apart from the minimu...

Reliable Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) is becoming more and more important, considering the proliferation of highly autonomous safety- and liability-critical systems. Due to their vulnerability to various threats such as deliberate Radio Fre...

In this paper, we introduce a robust beamforming technique using array antennas. The proposed solution constitutes two stages; the first stage exploits the space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization (SAGE) algorithm to decompose the recei...

We are working on an innovative approach to outdoor human motion capture, using a wearable device that integrates a low-cost GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver and an INS (Inertial Navigation System) via a zero-velocity update (ZUPT)...

Spoofing attacks pose a threat to drones, which can lead to their crash or takeover. As a countermeasure, the European Space Agency has implemented the Timed Efficient Loss-tolerant Authentication (TESLA) broadcast protocol in the Galileo Open Servic...

This paper delves into the distributed GNSS spoofing threat, a sophisticated deployment structure wherein multiple spoofing antennas each emit a single spoofing signal to the victim receiver. This study analyzes the challenges associated with executi...

Dilution of Precision (DOP) is routinely used in GNSS to assess the quality of the constellation geometry for the positioning algorithm. Those DOP indicators are computed from the estimation covariance of a snapshot weighted least squares (WLS) estim...

In this study, we introduce a decentralized architecture aimed at enhancing the efficiency of precise point positioning real-time kinematics (PPP-RTK) in large-scale networks with a common pivot station. Initially, we partition the extensive network...

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) reference receivers are an essential part of ground stations that make the operation of Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) possible. Recently, there has been increasing concern about spoofing and int...

In this connected world, communication in all kinds of complex environments is crucial. As a result, indoor satellite communication could enable many new applications and use cases. In this study, we explore the potential of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) sat...

Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) real-time localization systems usually require either precise and robust synchronization of the anchor transceivers or sufficiently stable clocks for methods referred to as “synchronization-free”. Typically, reasonab...

Digitalization has revolutionized the maritime industry, particularly in navigation systems. The use of advanced tools such as the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) has increased the need for information processing. However, the...

Current Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBASs) improve the positioning accuracy and integrity of GPS satellites and provide safe civil aviation navigation services for procedures from en-route to LPV-200 precision approach over specific regions...

Many critical applications exhibit a growing dependency on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), which has led to GNSS jamming and spoofing becoming an increasing threat to society. The Structural Power Content Analysis (SPCA) algorithm is a pr...

The European Commission (EC) is taking steps towards the implementation of a Galileo Timing Service. This service is now formally part of the mission of the Galileo Second Generation, and it puts emphasis on serving critical infrastructure. Implement...

This paper discusses a precise relative navigation and separation assurance system based on the exchange of Global Navigation Satellite (GNSS) measurements via new message types for Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Light (ADS-L). A measurement-...

The ESA DIVERGENCE (Diversity Architecture for Robust GNSS Receivers in Launcher Applications) project is focused on the design of a GNSS/INS hybrid navigation system and an appropriate FDIR/FDE algorithm for GNC applications in launchers and re-entr...