25 August 2023
In this work, the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Grand Ensemble (MPI-GE) is used to quantify the climate system’s internal variability. The MPI-GE is a large ensemble of a single state-of-the-art comprehensive climate model and its use is...
Internal waves play a critical role in material transport, vertical mixing, and energy dissipation within stratified aquatic systems. Their dynamics are strongly modulated by thermal stratification and surface meteorological forcing. This study exami...
Regional sea-level trends derived from satellite altimetry deviate substantially from the global mean, but the relative roles of externally forced change and internally generated climate variability remain difficult to separate from the short satelli...
The model internal year-to-year variability (hereafter, internal variability) is a significant source of uncertainty when estimating anthropogenic aerosol effective radiative forcing (ERF). In this study, we investigate the impact of internal variabi...
Simulations of a Regional Climate Model (RCM) driven by identical lateral boundary conditions but initialized at different times exhibit the phenomenon of so-called internal model variability (or in short, Internal Variability—IV), which is def...
Previous studies have indicated that a high-level wave train from the tropical Indo–Western Pacific to East Asia (IWP-EA, expressed as geopotential height at 200 hPa) is triggered by dipolar convective activity anomalies over the IWP during the...
The climate change impacts on droughts have received widespread attention in many recent studies. However, previous studies mainly attribute the changes in future droughts to human-induced climate change, while the impacts of internal climate variabi...
Based on the centennial-scale observations and re-analyses, this paper employs the ensemble empirical mode decomposition to separate the internal multidecadal variability (IMV) from the externally-forced variability of sea surface temperature (SST),...
This study focuses on 120 representative river basins across China, utilizing CMIP6 multi-model climate data and CESM2-LE large ensemble climate data to develop a bias-correction framework for climate models that integrates statistical methods, with...
Designing water infrastructure requires information about the magnitude and frequency of upcoming rainfall. A limited range of data offers just one of many realizations that occurred in the past or will occur in the future; thus, it cannot sufficient...
Phenomenological constitutive models with internal variables have been applied for a wide range of material behavior. The developed models can be classified as related to the single internal variable formalism based on the thermodynamic approach by C...
Internal and mesoscopic variables differ fundamentally from each other: both are state space variables, but mesoscopic variables are additionally equipped with a distribution function introducing a statistical item into consideration which is missing...
Here, we study the internal variable approach to viscoelasticity. First, we generalize the classical approach by introducing a fractional derivative into the equation for time evolution of the internal variables. Next, we derive restrictions on the c...
We present a model of superfluidity based on the internal variable theory. We consider a two-component fluid endowed with a scalar internal variable whose gradient is the counterflow velocity. The restrictions imposed by the second law of thermodynam...
Viscoelastic dampers are conventional passive vibration control devices with excellent energy dissipation performance. The fractional derivative has a simple form and high accuracy in the modelling of viscoelastic materials/dampers. The internal vari...
Every economic sector is susceptible to the direct or indirect effects of weather variability, and the tourism sector is no exception. In fact, the tourism industry is considered to be more vulnerable to the effects of weather variability than the ge...
In this paper, we ask ourselves how non-local effects affect the description of thermodynamic systems with internal variables. Usually, one assumes that the internal variables are local, but that their evolution equations are non-local, i.e., for ins...
In this study, we will prove that the presence of the voids and of the internal state variables in an elastic body with dipolar structure have no effect on the result of uniqueness regarding the solution of the initial-boundary value problem from thi...
Variable valve mechanisms are usually applied to a gasoline combustion engine to improve its power performance by controlling the amount of intake air according to the operating load. These mechanisms offer one possibility of resolving the conflict o...
We present a corrosion internal state variable (ISV) damage model based upon the integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) hierarchical multiscale paradigm. Structure–property experiments for magnesium alloys were used where the onl...
Internalized weight stigma is related to psychological and physiological consequences independent of actual weight status. However, as peers assume an increasingly important role in early adolescence, peer support may protect adolescents from the rel...
For an internal combustion engine to attain greater fuel economy and performance per amount of emissions, variable valve-timing is often used. In this study, a PD controller for an electric driven planetary gear Variable Valve Timing (VVT) system is...
During the summer–autumn (July–October, Jul–Oct) period of 2022, the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) of China experienced an extreme meteorological drought, with Jul–Oct containing the lowest precipitation in the YRB since 1979. The...
Pumped storage units often deviate from the optimal operating conditions in the process of regulating new energy fluctuations. To effectively improve the performance of the units, the variable speed of the units is one of the more feasible means at p...
The fractured rock mass in the western cold region is affected by freezing and thawing disasters and is prone to local damage and fracture along the fissures’ ends. The fatigue damage induced by repeated frost heave and traffic loads seriously...
1 March 2023
A questionnaire on explanatory variables for each behavior of the 24-h movement behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep) was developed based on three levels of the socio-ecological model, i.e., the intrapersonal level, interpers...
An internal state variable (ISV)-based constitutive model has been used within a Lagrangian finite element analysis (FEA) framework to simulate ballistic impact of monolithic rolled homogenous armor (RHA) steel plates by RHA steel spheres and cylinde...
Continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) is widely acknowledged to occur during hot forming and plays a significant role in microstructure development in alloys with moderate to high stacking fault energy. In this work, the flow stress and CDRX be...
Breaking internal tides and induced mixing are critical to shelf dynamics, including heat and mass exchanges. Spatiotemporal variability of internal tides and modulation factors for the southern East China Sea shelf were examined based on a combinati...
Hydrological climate-impact projections in the future are limited by large uncertainties from various sources. Therefore, this study aimed to explore and estimate the sources of uncertainties involved in climate change-impacted assessment, in a repre...
Due to the advantages of high specific strength, specific stiffness, and excellent fatigue resistance, carbon fiber reinforced braided composites have been widely applied in engineering. Since the molding process of braided composites is complex and...
17 November 2010
The objective of this study was to evaluate inter-individual variability in absorbed and internal doses after multi-route exposure to drinking water contaminants (DWC) in addition to the corresponding variability in equivalent volumes of ingested wat...
This observational study is concerned with the seasonal variability of near-inertial internal waves (NIWs) in the central part of the Black Sea. Rotary spectral analysis of the nearly year-long time series of the sea current velocity measurements at...
Background: The total marrow and lymph node irradiation (TMLI) target includes the bones, spleen, and lymph node chains, with the latter being the most challenging structures to contour. We evaluated the impact of introducing internal contour guideli...
We consider the dynamics of internal envelope solitons in a two-layer rotating fluid with a linearly varying bottom. It is shown that the most probable frequency of a carrier wave which constitutes the solitary wave is the frequency where the growth...
In this study, strong internal tides were observed on the continental slope northeast of Taiwan Island. Owing to the lack of long-term observations, these tides’ intraseasonal variability and the impact of the Kuroshio Current remain unclear. T...
Ocean heat uptake is a key indicator of climate change, in part because it contributes to sea-level rise. Quantifying the uncertainties surrounding ocean heat uptake and sea-level rise are important in assessing climate-related risks. Here, comprehen...
In the present study, we evaluated the genetic variability of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (pfor) A gene of Trichomonas vaginalis from female patients and its possible implications in the hos...
Within the thermodynamic framework with internal variables, the classical Hamilton’s principle for elastic bodies is extended to inelastic bodies composed of materials whose free energy densities are point functions of internal variables, or the so‑t...
When regional (limited-area) models of the hydrodynamics of the atmosphere and ocean are run over an extended time, variability unrelated to external “drivers” emerges: this variability is colloquially named “hydrodynamical noise&rd...
We review the concept of nonequilibrium thermodynamic entropy and observables and internal variables as state variables, introduced recently by us, and provide a simple first principle derivation of additive statistical entropy, applicable to all non...
The consumption of pears has increased, thanks not only to their delicious and juicy flavor, but also their rich nutritional value. Traditional methods of detecting internal qualities (e.g., soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and t...
Previous studies suggest that anthropogenic warming has affected the multi-decadal trend patterns of sea level over the Indian Ocean (IO). This effect, however, has not been quantified. Using observational datasets combined with large ensemble experi...
We consider nonequilibrium (NEQ) states such as supercooled liquids and glasses that are described with the use of internal variables. We classify the latter by the state-dependent hierarchy of relaxation times to assess their relevance for irreversi...
Most existing wall-climbing robots have a fixed range of load capacity and a step distance that is small and mostly immutable. It is therefore difficult for them to adapt to a discontinuous wall with particularly large gaps. Based on a modular design...
Monitoring the demands on basketball referees is essential for optimizing their performance and reducing the risk of injuries. This study aimed to analyze the workload experienced by elite basketball referees during official games. Using a quasi-expe...
Beetroot juice (BJ) has been used as a sport supplement, improving performance in resistance training (RT). However, its effect on the modulation of the autonomic nervous system has not yet been widely studied. Therefore, the objective of this random...
As one of the most severe and high-impact weather phenomena, tornadoes and their long-term frequency trends have received lots of attention from both the scientific community and the public. Here, we show that over the last six decades (1954–20...
Temporal variations in diurnal internal tides (ITs) and near-inertial waves (NIWs) in the southern South China Sea (SCS) are characterized, based on two 13-month moored current observations. Diurnal ITs, dominated by O1 and K1, are found to exhibit s...
The study of convective heat transfer in differently shaped fins with radiation, internal heat generation and variable thermal conductivity was considered. The energy equation of the model was converted into the dimensionless form by adopting the pro...
of 157