Geometrical and algebraic aspects of the Hamiltonian realizations of the Euler’s fluid and the Vlasov’s plasma are investigated. A purely geometric pathway (involving complete lifts and vertical representatives) is proposed, which establi...
3 September 2022
Many studies have tested perceptual symbols in conceptual processing and found that perceptual symbols contain experiences from multisensory channels. However, whether the disability of one sensory channel affects the processing of the perceptual sym...
Knowing the vertical distribution of ambient particulate matter (PM) will help port authorities choose the optimal dust-suppression measures to reduce PM concentrations. In this study, we used an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to assess the vertical d...
The study of reconfiguration problems has grown into a field of its own. The basic idea is to consider the scenario of moving from one given (feasible) solution to another, maintaining feasibility for all intermediate solutions. The solution space is...
In this contribution, we represent hypergraphs as partially ordered sets or posets, and provide a geometric framework based on posets to compute the Forman–Ricci curvature of vertices as well as hyperedges in hypergraphs. Specifically, we first...
A Multinomial Processing Tree (MPT) is a directed tree with a probability associated with each arc and partitioned terminal vertices. We consider an additional parameter for each arc, a measure such as time. Each vertex represents a process. An arc d...
We present a high-efficiency silicon grating coupler design based on a left–right mirror-symmetric grating and a metal mirror. The coupler achieves nearly perfect 90-degree vertical coupling. When two SOI chips are placed face to face with a ve...
This paper presents an algorithm aimed at the integrity protection of 3D models represented as a set of vertices and polygons. The proposed method defines a procedure to perform a fragile watermarking of the vertices’ data, namely 3D coordinate...
The effect of the vertical component of earthquakes on the structural behaviour of unreinforced masonry (URM) walls is usually not considered by technical codes for ordinary buildings. Recent scientific literature, however, indicates that the earthqu...
Introduction: Hemifacial hypoplasia is the second most common congenital craniofacial anomaly after cleft lip and palate. Mandibular ramus deficiency represents a key component of this condition, and vertical augmentation is traditionally managed wit...
Sediment transport is a geophysical phenomenon characterized by the displacement of sediment particles in both the horizontal and vertical directions due to various forces. Most of the sediment transport equations currently used include only paramete...
This article represents a numerical approach for estimating the helicopter rotor’s blade longitudinal dynamic characteristics considering several operational parameters. A characterization regarding the blade’s longitudinal, flapping, and...
Numerical studies were performed to investigate bow flare slamming loads under irregular waves. To estimate the slamming forces in the simulations, two time windows were selected based on existing experimental data. This study examined horizontal and...
Let D be a digraph with n vertices and a arcs. The Laplacian and the signless Laplacian matrices of D are, respectively, defined as L(D)=Deg+(D)−A(D) and Q(D)=Deg+(D)+A(D), where A(D) represents the adjacency matrix and Deg+(D) represents the d...
Modeling forest structure using multi-source satellite data is beneficial to understanding the relationship between vertical and horizontal structure and image features to provide more comprehensive and abundant information for the study of forest st...
The load resistance factor according to the target reliability level was proposed using 16 vertical breakwaters constructed along the coast of Korea. Limit state functions for sliding and overturning limit states were defined. Reliability analysis wa...
When drawing small graphs (with up to five or six vertices) we can use their underlying symmetry to represent them in a clear and natural way. [...]
Vertical stratification is a property of forest habitats related to the differential distribution of organisms according to the variation in the conditions, from the understory to the canopy. Here, we aimed to test whether butterfly assemblages from...
The resource network is a non-linear threshold model where vertices exchange resource in infinite discrete time. The model is represented by a directed weighted graph. At each time step, all vertices send their resources along all output edges follow...
The similarity patterns of the genetic code result from similar codons encoding similar messages. We develop a new mathematical model to analyze these patterns. The physicochemical characteristics of amino acids objectively quantify their differences...
Management of the vertical long-term deflection of a high-speed railway bridge is a crucial factor to guarantee traffic safety and passenger comfort. Therefore, there have been efforts to predict the vertical deflection of a railway bridge based on p...
Submarine rift systems represent critical tectonic features whose accurate bathymetric characterization remains challenging yet essential for understanding plate boundary dynamics. However, traditional bathymetric inversion methods based on altimetri...
Ozone is one of the most important gases in the atmosphere as it plays different roles based on the levels it presents. The ozone layer in the stratosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) radiance while harming life at ground-lev...
At sub-3 nm nodes, the scaling of lateral devices represented by a fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) and gate-all-around field effect transistors (GAAFET) faces increasing technical challenges. At the same time, the development of vertical devices...
Ground-based vertical greening is one of the well-known nature-based solutions that is widely used in city centres due to its small footprint and the large surface area of vegetation. Although the impact of vertical greening on the local microclimate...
Sustainable urban development worldwide is crucial for the development of living spaces in high-rise buildings and infrastructures, which leads to the inevitability of increased energy consumption and demand of vertical transportation systems. The ev...
We propose a Ramsey approach to the dimensional analysis of physical systems, which complements the seminal Buckingham theorem. Dimensionless constants describing a given physical system are represented as vertices of a graph, referred to as a dimens...
This paper discusses the emerging need for vertical farms by examining issues related to food security, urban population growth, farmland shortages, “food miles”, and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Urban planners and agricultural leaders...
Geothermal heat exchangers (GHEs) represent a buried pipe system, which can be utilised to harness renewable thermal energy stored in the ground to improve the efficiency of heating and cooling systems. Two basic arrangements of GHEs have been widely...
The main hall of the Nanchan Temple, the oldest wooden building of the Tang Dynasty (782 C.E.) in China, was built 1200 years ago, representing a valuable heritage building. Thus far, research on the Nanchan Temple has focused on stylistic comparison...
A temporally periodic model is presented to describe the vertical profile of internal gravity waves in the F region of the Earth’s ionosphere where the waves are subject to a magnetic force due to the high concentration of ions. The configurati...
A series of counting, sequence and layer matrices are considered precursors of classifiers capable of providing the partitions of the vertices of graphs. Classifiers are given to provide different degrees of distinctiveness for the vertices of the gr...
Urban expansion occurs in horizontal and vertical directions, but the construction process of a traditional planar ecological network (EN) ignores the ecological protection of the vertical space. Birds, as representative species in urbanized areas, a...
Central to this article is the issue of choosing sites for where a fieldwork could provide a better understanding of divergences in health care accessibility. Access to health care is critical to good health, but inhabitants may experience barriers t...
The Bragg reflection of water waves by multiple vertical thin plates is investigated numerically and experimentally. The problem of surface gravity wave interaction with multiple vertical thin plates is formulated mathematically under the assumption...
Vertical integration, also known as make-or-buy, defines whether activities are conducted by company or provided by external parties. There are different models to support decision making for vertical integration in the literature. However, they igno...
The seasonal variation in mixed layer salinity (MLS) plays a crucial role in global ocean circulation and hydrological cycle. The salinity budget of the mixed layer is important to understand the mechanism of the variation, but in the South China Sea...
The phase equilibrium and phase transformation of the Al–Si–Y ternary system were investigated in 80 annealed alloys using an electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The...
This paper introduces a novel technology for the monolithic integration of GaN-based vertical and lateral devices. This approach is groundbreaking as it facilitates the drive of high-power GaN vertical switching devices through lateral GaN HEMTs with...
Vertical slot fishways represent critical ecological migration facilitation structures and have been globally implemented to restore fish passage. However, most studies to date focus primarily on fishway hydraulics and fish behavior, with limited inv...
Vertices and symmetries of regular and irregular chiral polyhedra are represented by quaternions with the use of Coxeter graphs. A new technique is introduced to construct the chiral Archimedean solids, the snub cube and snub dodecahedron together wi...
We explore strong Nash equilibria in the max k-cut game on an undirected and unweighted graph with a set of k colors. Here, the vertices represent players, and the edges denote their relationships. Each player, v, selects a color as its strategy, and...
To study the influence of complex terrain with different scales on the structure of near-surface turbulence, the turbulence observational data from Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL) were analyzed. SACOL is lo...
This study evaluates low-temperature district heating (LTDH) networks with different geothermal heat sources under thermo-economic criteria. In particular, the heat and cold supply of modern neighbourhoods are taken into account in a dynamic simulati...
The min-max clustered traveling salesmen problem (MMCTSP) is a generalized variant of the classical traveling salesman problem (TSP). In this problem, the vertices of the graph are partitioned into a given number of clusters and we are asked to find...
This paper is concerned with the general atom-bond sum-connectivity index ABSγ, which is a generalization of the recently proposed atom-bond sum-connectivity index, where γ is any real number. For a connected graph G with more than two ve...
Accuracy assessment of a global digital elevation model (DEM) is an important and challenging task primarily because of the difficulties and costs associated with securing a reliable and representative reference dataset. In this article, we report on...
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), represented by rotor-based drones, are suitable for volcanic observations owing to the advantages of mobility and safety. In this study, vertical profiles of wind and aerosol concentrations at altitudes up to 1000 m a...
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is slowly transitioning from traditional single-family public housing to a ‘vertical’ typology to meet the increasing demand on public housing, solve the problem of the scarcity of land in urban areas, and c...
The experimental realization of twisted bilayer graphene strongly pushed the inspection of bilayer systems. In this context, it was recently shown that a two layer Haldane model with a thirty degree rotation angle between the layers represents a high...
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