GeoHazards

Surface deformation triggered by coal extraction activities, together with the consequent development of unstable slopes within rugged mountainous landscapes, constitutes a critical focus for geological risk assessment and mitigation strategies. Conventional SBAS-InSAR processing pipelines suffer from inadequate tropospheric phase mitigation in topographically complex environments, while existing clustering-based recognition approaches fail to incorporate sufficient geophysical constraints. To overcome these deficiencies, the present investigation introduces a refined methodology that synergizes InSAR measurements with an enhanced clustering scheme for the automated screening of potentially unstable slope units. First, a two-stage coupled atmospheric correction framework is constructed within the SBAS-InSAR processing chain, comprising spatially varying stratified atmosphere estimation based on geographically weighted robust regression (GWRR-M) and turbulent atmosphere compensation based on structure-guided deformation-preserving interpolation (SGDPI); both stages require no external meteorological data and effectively protect deformation signals from overcorrection. Second, a spatiotemporally constrained density peak clustering algorithm (STC-DPC) is developed, which constructs a multi-dimensional feature space integrating spatial location, deformation rate, temporal evolution characteristics, and topographic-geological background, and introduces a spatiotemporally constrained distance metric together with an Unstable Slope Index (USI) to achieve automatic identification and quantitative discrimination of unstable slopes. The proposed method was evaluated using 120 ascending-track Sentinel-1A SAR images acquired from 2019 to 2023 over the coal-mining mountainous areas of Mentougou and Fangshan districts in western Beijing, China. The results show that the improved atmospheric correction reduces the phase standard deviation of a representative interferogram from 1.6 rad to 0.6 rad, with an average reduction of 42.3% across all interferograms. A total of 187 unstable slopes were identified by the STC-DPC algorithm, mainly distributed in abandoned mining areas and steep terrain with gradients of 10–35°, with a mean deformation rate of −25.3 mm/a; field investigations at representative sites confirmed significant deformation evidence (e.g., tension cracks and bulging), providing qualitative support for the identification results. Compared with the identification results obtained without atmospheric correction (79 unstable slopes), the improved method improves the detectability of weak deformation signals in areas with strong topographic relief and diverse deformation patterns. This study provides a practical technical pathway for the early screening and monitoring of geological hazards in coal-mining mountainous areas and holds great significance for mine ecological restoration and regional disaster prevention and mitigation. Full article

In comparison with stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes tend to have more frequent dike-fed eruptions and large lateral and vertical collapses, as well as more gently dipping flanks. In many stratovolcanoes, dike-fed eruptions occur once every several hundred or thousand years but once every few years in many shield volcanoes. Using Hamilton’s principle of least action as a basis for determining potential dike/sheet propagation paths, it is shown that the probability of arrest of an injected dike/sheet is normally much greater in a stratovolcano than in a shield volcano. This is primarily because in stratovolcanoes rock layers and units are of contrasting mechanical properties, so that many dikes become arrested and thus do not feed eruptions. Similarly, many faults in stratovolcanoes become confined to one or several layers/units and do not reach the surface to generate landslides or ring faults. Consequently, the formation of large landslides is generally more difficult—requires more energy—in composite volcanoes than in shield volcanoes. For the same reason, formation of calderas in stratovolcanoes is normally more difficult than in shield volcanoes. More energy is needed to propagate fractures through many layers/units in stratovolcanoes than in shield volcanoes. It follows that stratovolcanoes tend to be tougher, more resistant to tectonic fracture propagation, and thus mechanically stronger than shield volcanoes. This may partly explain differences in the frequencies of dike-fed eruptions, large landslides, and caldera collapses between shield volcanoes and stratovolcanoes. Full article

Riverbank erosion threatens settlements, infrastructure, and river-dependent livelihoods along the Bassac River in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. This study examines long-term bankline change from 2001 to 2025 and develops expert-informed priorities for assessing livelihood vulnerability within the Can Tho reach. Six Landsat images were analysed in QGIS using the Linear Regression Rate method, while present-day hydraulic conditions were investigated through Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler measurements at five representative locations. An Analytic Hierarchy Process based on interviews with 10 experts was used to derive relative weights for livelihood sensitivity and adaptive-capacity indicators and variables. Accretion was more spatially extensive than erosion along both banks; however, the left bank experienced a greater total extent and magnitude of erosion. Spatially extensive erosion was identified in Binh Thuy, whereas more intense but localised hotspots occurred near Cai Rang and Cai Von. The exploratory hydraulic observations varied among the five selected locations but showed no consistent correspondence with historical erosion magnitude and are therefore interpreted only as a snapshot of conditions on the survey date. Experts assigned weights of 0.547 to sensitivity and 0.453 to adaptive capacity. Savings capacity, decreased food production, extent of land loss, and the ability to shift livelihoods were among the highest-ranked variables. The physical and expert-derived findings support a differentiated and staged approach to riverbank-risk management, but they should be interpreted as complementary evidence rather than as a household-level vulnerability assessment. Future research should combine repeated seasonal hydraulic and bathymetric surveys, bank-material investigations, exposed-asset mapping, and household-based vulnerability assessments. Full article

Rainfall-induced landslides pose a significant threat to communities and infrastructure in the eThekwini Metropolitan Region, South Africa. This paper presents a geotechnical–hydrogeological property zonation and parameterisation framework developed to support future physically based slope stability modelling. Using a weighted sum analysis in a GIS environment, the landscape was subdivided into distinct property zones by integrating lithology, slope gradient, and landform, with weights derived from a fully reproducible renormalisation of a previously published regional frequency ratio (FR) susceptibility model. This procedure provided the foundation for assigning zone-specific parameters, including effective shear strength parameters (c′ and ϕ′) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), derived from laboratory testing, borehole pump testing analysis, and empirical relationships. The approach delineated four geotechnical–hydrogeological zones. A correlation of these zones against an inventory of 819 landslides revealed that over 82% of failures have occurred within Zones 2 and 3. While the hydrogeological conditions of these two susceptible zones range from intermediate to low permeability (K_sat = 10⁻⁵ to 10⁻⁸ m/s), which promotes transient pore pressure build-up, their high failure frequency corresponds closely with shared low shear strength (c′ = 5 kPa) and comparatively low effective friction angle (ϕ′ = 27.5–30°). This identifies shear strength as an important predisposing control on instability, relative to the inherently more stable Zones 1 and 4 (c′ = 10–15 kPa, ϕ′ = 30–35°). Consequently, this zonation and parameterisation approach advances landslide hazard assessment by providing a reproducible, model-ready dataset intended for future transient rainfall-infiltration simulations (e.g., TRIGRS), laying the groundwork for physically based early-warning systems, and supporting risk-informed urban development. Full article

Education on natural hazards is a non-structural component of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), but the evidence base spans curriculum studies, risk-perception research, educational interventions, geospatial approaches and analyses of education-system continuity. This systematic narrative review synthesizes 27 outcome-bearing studies published between 2013 and the partial year 2026. PRISMA 2020 was used as a reporting framework, while PRISMA-S informed a retrospective audit of the search documentation. A structured design-sensitive appraisal recorded evidence family, comparison or temporal structure, outcome directness, permitted inference and principal limitation. The studies were coded into six mutually exclusive primary axes: reviews and frameworks; curriculum and policy; knowledge and risk perception; educational interventions and active methodologies; GIS and geospatial technologies; and educational continuity and system resilience. The included literature suggests that locally situated problems, maps, simulations and inquiry can support knowledge, risk appraisal and preparedness intentions, although demonstrated effects on sustained performance or actual preparedness behavior remain limited. Cross-cutting gaps include weak longitudinal assessment, sparse attention to teacher professional development, limited treatment of indigenous or local knowledge, and no core study centered on learners with disabilities or special educational needs. The review defines critical territorial risk literacy as the capacity to interpret hazard, exposure, vulnerability, capacity and uncertainty through spatial evidence; evaluate their unequal territorial distribution; and translate that understanding into inclusive, proportionate preparedness and collective action. Full article

Landslide susceptibility assessment in data-scarce environments remains challenging. In the northern Andes of Ecuador, the interaction of hypothesized triggers with confounding predisposing factors of landslide occurrences is limited. We investigate the relationship between landslide records and geological, topographic, land use, vegetation and climatic factors in the province of Imbabura using generalized linear models (GLM) and generalized additive models (GAM). Both models are instrumental in identifying that a rainfall increase of one standard deviation in monthly precipitation raises the odds of landslide occurrence, with estimates of 8.84 and 15.84, respectively. The GAM slightly outperformed the GLM by capturing modest non-linear effects, particularly for elevation and profile curvature. Elevation and slope aspect show non-linear and linear tendencies, respectively, although their effects were marginal rather than significant at the 5% level in the selected GAM. Landslides were more likely under wetter conditions at intermediate elevations and on northwestern-facing slopes where ground moisture gradients condition slope stability. Furthermore, the combined effect of agricultural and livestock land uses did not show influence, calling for attention on effects that the scale of analysis did not address. The results provide a baseline framework for rainfall-related landslide occurrence assessment in developing regions with limited data availability. Full article

Geohazards are present at every stage of a mine’s life cycle (initial exploration, site investigations, active operations, closure, reclamation, legacy management). This study has reviewed the literature covering mining and geohazards gathered from the Scopus bibliographic database. Quantitative metadata analysis was conducted on keyword co-occurrence within the 150 selected publications, and thematic clustering was mapped. In addition, five case studies were analysed to add further in-depth analysis. The publication volume shows a sharp uptrend starting around 2015, and 45% of the articles indicate a corresponding author from China. Publications more often cover geohazards in underground mines than open-pit/surface mining. AI methods are a rapidly evolving subject. Overall, the review reveals an imbalance in research attention across different stages of the mine life cycle. While only approximately 6% of the literature addresses exploration-stage geohazards, the case studies demonstrate that early identification is critical. In conclusion, technical capabilities for geohazard monitoring have advanced dramatically, especially with interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) deformation analysis, machine learning classification, and multi-sensor data fusion; however, the field suffers from systematic integration of geohazards across the mine life cycle. Full article

The global active satellite population has increased from fewer than 3000 objects in 2020 to more than 14,000 by the end of 2025, while filed megaconstellation plans suggest that tens of thousands of additional satellites may be deployed over coming decades. This rapid expansion of low Earth orbit (LEO) infrastructure has raised concerns regarding novel anthropogenic inputs to the upper atmosphere, particularly black carbon from rocket launches and aluminium oxide nanoparticles generated during satellite re-entry. This review synthesises literature published between 2000 and 2026 across atmospheric chemistry, aerosol science, climate dynamics, and hydrology to evaluate the potential pathways through which these emissions may influence precipitation processes and flood risk. The evidence indicates strong support for several upstream mechanisms, including alumina-mediated ozone chemistry, anthropogenic metal accumulation in stratospheric aerosols, and the disproportionately high radiative forcing efficiency of rocket-derived black carbon. However, substantial uncertainties remain regarding the extent to which these atmospheric perturbations propagate through climate and hydrological systems. This review identifies the current state of knowledge, highlights areas of agreement, uncertainty, and contradiction within the literature, and outlines priority directions for future research, monitoring, modelling, and governance. The findings suggest that while satellite-driven changes to precipitation and flood risk remain unconfirmed, the rapid expansion of megaconstellation activity warrants further investigation within integrated Earth-system frameworks. Full article

In recent decades, there has been a marked increase in the frequency of natural disasters on a global scale. This increase is particularly notable in the context of climatological disasters, such as wildfires, which have become increasingly prevalent and intense in past years. It is evident that as the planet experiences the repercussions of climate change, the severity of these fires will intensify. The present study focuses on the analysis of wildfires that have occurred in Spain in recent years, both in terms of their number and the area affected, using data collected from the national and international databases. Since the beginning of this century, there has been an increasing trend in the number of large wildfires (>500 ha) in this country. In contrast, there has been a decline in the overall number of wildfires. However, when analyzing a more extended period, spanning from 1970 onward, these trends become less discernible. The study also analyzes the differences between some of these databases and notes that, despite the fact that certain databases offer exhaustive documentation of burned areas, others exhibit specific limitations due to a variety of factors. These limitations may include the nature of the recorded data, the resolution of wildfire detection or wildfire perimeter identification detection systems, or the recent initiation of data collection for such events. The development of strategies based on historical data and predictive models is necessary for anticipating future scenarios and mitigating the impacts of wildfires. Full article

The role of land use/land cover (LULC) dynamics in predisposing slopes to shallow landsliding is widely acknowledged but seldom translated into operational susceptibility modelling. Most data-driven approaches still treat LULC as a static factor, neglecting the legacy effects of recent transitions. This study presents a methodological framework to quantify the influence of multi-temporal LULC changes on shallow landslide initiation and to incorporate this information into susceptibility mapping. The procedure was tested in the Metropolitan City of Messina (formerly known as the Province of Messina), Southern Italy, a representative Mediterranean area repeatedly affected by rainfall-triggered slope failures. Freely available LULC maps from 1990 to 2006 were processed through post-classification change detection to identify dominant land cover trajectories. Preliminary analyses within buffer areas showed higher landslide indices (LI, LAI) and Frequency Ratios for some transition classes, suggesting a potential role of LULC changes. These findings motivated the comparison between a static LULC configuration and a dynamic one incorporating the detected transitions within a Frequency Ratio susceptibility model. The dynamic model did not improve the mean Area Under the Curve (AUC) compared to the static model (0.7774 vs. 0.7742), and the observed reduction in variability across five independent random splits (standard deviation 0.012 vs. 0.064) should be considered preliminary. The proposed workflow, based entirely on open data and GIS-based processing, offers a transparent and reproducible methodology for integrating LULC transitions into dynamic susceptibility maps. The use of higher-resolution input data could potentially reduce the scale mismatch and improve the detection of fine-scale transitions, supporting more effective landslide risk mitigation and evidence-based land planning. Full article

The shear behavior of loess is closely linked to its microstructural evolution, and understanding this relationship is essential for deciphering the mechanisms of loess hazards. In this study, consolidated-drained (CD) triaxial tests were conducted on intact Q₃ Malan loess from the Dongzhi tableland, China, under varying water contents and confining pressures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) analyses were performed on specimens before and after shearing to quantitatively and qualitatively characterize the changes in pore and particle properties and their connection to shear deformation. The results reveal three failure modes, including shear, homogeneous, and plastic failure. They are governed by the combined effects of microstructural variation and microcrack development, depending on confining pressure and water content. Quantitatively, as water content increases from 9% to 20%, cohesion decreases by 86.8% and peak shear strength reduces by 68.4%, while the internal friction angle decreases only slightly. Water-induced strength deterioration is governed primarily by cohesion loss rather than friction angle reduction. Thus, 20% water content was identified as the critical threshold marking the transition from cohesion-dominated to friction-dominated strength degradation. A critical threshold at approximately 27% water content is identified, beyond which about 70% of mesopore and macropore volumes undergo collapse, after which the strength is almost entirely sustained by interparticle friction. Based on these findings, the water-induced strength decay mechanism is categorized into three stages: rapid cement degradation, friction-dominated transition, and slow attenuation. These macroscopic phenomena are closely linked to the continuous adjustment of the microstructure, manifested by the softening, dispersion, and disintegration of cementations, particle movement and rearrangement, and the reduction and mutual transformation of inter-aggregate pores under loading and wetting. The three-stage mechanism and threshold characteristics of loess strength degradation upon wetting revealed in this study can provide theoretical support for early slope-instability warning in loess irrigation and heavy rainfall regions, as well as engineering reinforcement prioritizing the recovery of cohesion. Full article

This study presents an integrated statistical framework for identifying representative large-scale climate teleconnection indices associated with total burned area and for supporting the selection of climate predictors in wildfire-related statistical models. A large set of seasonally resolved climate indices, including the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO—two versions), the Arctic Oscillation (AO), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), the Mediterranean Oscillation (MO—two versions), the East Atlantic–West Russia pattern (EAWR), the Tropical North Atlantic (TNA), and the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM), was examined. Because many of these indices describe related atmospheric and oceanic processes, dimensionality reduction and predictor selection were required to limit multicollinearity. Principal component analysis (PCA) was first used to identify groups of interrelated climate indices, followed by partial correlation analysis to distinguish redundant predictors from those retaining independent information with respect to total burned area. Finally, LASSO regression was applied to evaluate the relative explanatory contribution of candidate indices and to perform automatic variable selection. The PCA solution identified ten rotated components explaining 82.31% of the total variance. The results indicate that several seasonal NAO and MO indices contain highly overlapping information, whereas selected indices, particularly MOI2 spring and MOI2 summer, retain comparatively stronger independent associations with total burned area. The integrated PCA–partial correlation–LASSO framework provides a systematic approach for reducing redundant climate predictors and identifying large-scale climate signals that may be informative for understanding variability in total burned area and for supporting statistical analyses of wildfire–climate relationships. Full article

Unstable rock blocks and cliffs pose a widespread geohazard, and their mechanical state can be tracked through their ambient-vibration resonance frequencies, whose decrease anticipates progressive failure. Such monitoring is usually performed with expensive broadband instrumentation, limiting spatial and temporal coverage. Here we assess whether a low-cost, IoT-enabled node—built around a Raspberry Pi single-board computer, a 24-bit sigma-delta digitiser and a force- balance accelerometer (Geobit FBA-200)—can identify the resonance of an unstable coastal rock block at the celebrated “moving rock” of Kounopetra (Paliki peninsula, Kefalonia, Greece), a site historically renowned for visually perceptible rocking boulders. We stress that the low-amplitude 7.7 Hz structural eigenvibration characterised here is a distinct phenomenon from the historically documented ∼0.3 Hz macroscopic, quasi-rigid rocking of the boulder: the former is the ambient–vibration resonance of the fractured rock mass, the latter a large-amplitude rigid-body oscillation. Two identical nodes recorded ground acceleration simultaneously for nine hours: one on the fractured Kounopetra rock mass and one on stable ground 25 m away, used as a reference. The rock station exhibits a clear, temporally stable fundamental resonance at f₀ = 7.7 Hz (Q ≈ 50, damping ζ ≈ 1%), amplified by up to an order of magnitude relative to the reference and entirely absent from it, whereas a narrow 20.5 Hz line present on both nodes is identified as instrument-related and discarded. A simultaneous two-station analysis further shows that the ambient sources are extremely local (only 0.4% of transient activity is common to the two nodes 25 m apart), quantifying a design constraint for differential schemes. The results demonstrate that a low-cost force-balance node is sufficient to establish a resonance baseline for an unstable rock block, opening the way to dense, affordable early-warning networks; the main limitations are the single vertical component and the short record, which preclude polarisation analysis and long-term tracking of f₀. Full article

On 18 May 2026, a M5.2 double earthquake struck the Taiyangzhen area of Liunan District, Liuzhou City, Guangxi, China, triggering shallow surface collapses in this karst terrain. We conducted three UAV orthophoto surveys of the meizoseismal area on 20 May, 23 May, and 24 May, and interpreted 17 collapse monitoring units from the imagery. The total collapse area increased from 75.3 m² on 20 May to 499.1 m² on 23 May, and further to 553.9 m² on 24 May. On 20 May, only 7 of 17 units exhibited collapses; by 23 May, all 17 units were affected. Among them, 7 pre-existing collapse patches expanded, and 10 new collapses emerged between 20 and 23 May. Depth measurements revealed measurable depths of 0.18–7.60 m for 7 collapses, and all 6 units with bi-temporal depth data showed continued deepening from 23 to 24 May. Ponding water was observed in up to 10 units, consistent with the 98.7 mm of rainfall recorded during 18–24 May. Multi-temporal UAV surveys reveal that post-seismic surface collapse development in karst terrain extends well beyond the mainshock, with both rapid expansion of pre-existing failures and delayed emergence of new collapses driven by the coupled effects of seismic weakening and hydrologic forcing. Full article

Weathered marl hillslopes fail repeatedly across peri-urban Morocco, yet engineers investigating them rarely know which soil or geometric property most deserves their limited testing budget. This study answers that question for the landslide-prone slopes of Moulay Yacoub, in the northern pre-Rifian domain, by ranking the sensitivity of the factor of safety (FoS) to cohesion (c), friction angle (φ), unit weight (γ), slope height (H) and slope angle (β) under dry, deep-water-table conditions. Latin hypercube sampling generated 400 configurations over ranges drawn from site data; the FoS of each was computed by Bishop’s simplified method in Talren, and regional sensitivity analysis—the two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic with a relative sensitivity index—ranked the five inputs. Cohesion governs the response by a wide margin (D = 0.470; 38.2% of total sensitivity at FoS = 1.2), ahead of slope height and friction angle (D ≈ 0.26); slope angle is marginal, and unit weight is not discriminating. Repeating the analysis at four thresholds (1.1–1.4) shows that the primacy of cohesion is threshold-independent, and that the apparent significance of slope angle at stricter thresholds is a statistical power effect, not a mechanical one. Site investigation in comparable marl settings should prioritise cohesion characterisation. Full article

Armenia is located within the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone and is exposed to a significant seismic hazard associated with active fault systems capable of generating destructive earthquakes. The 1988 Spitak earthquake highlighted the vulnerability of Armenian urban areas and the need for reliable seismic risk assessment methods. This study presents the first harmonized scenario-based seismic risk assessment framework for six major Armenian cities by integrating seismotectonic source characterization, deterministic ground-motion modeling, locally derived Vs30-based site characterization, GIS-based exposure modeling, and vulnerability assessment within the ELER (Earthquake Loss Estimation Routine) platform. Vulnerability functions were adapted to Armenian building typologies and calibrated using observed damage from the 1988 Spitak earthquake. Deterministic earthquake scenarios (Mw 6.5–7.3) were developed based on the seismic potential of the country’s principal active fault systems. The results reveal substantial spatial variability in seismic risk controlled by differences in ground-motion intensity, local site conditions, building vulnerability, and population exposure. Masonry-dominated urban areas exhibit the highest relative structural losses, whereas Yerevan experiences the greatest absolute losses because of its large population and concentrated building stock. Severe damage and collapse (D4–D5) may affect more than 20–25% of buildings in the most vulnerable cities. Validation against observed 1988 earthquake damage demonstrates the applicability of the proposed framework for seismic risk reduction, emergency preparedness, and long-term urban resilience planning in Armenia. Full article

The southeastern Tibetan engineering corridor hosts the densest transportation network in Tibet, China, and is traversed by large-scale railway and power corridor projects under construction. This region is home to numerous glacial lakes, some of which are prone to glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), posing potential threats to the infrastructure. However, the spatiotemporal evolution and GLOF susceptibility of these lakes remain unclear. Using Landsat 5–9 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, we analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of glacial lakes from 1990 to 2020. Based on historical GLOF events, we established a susceptibility assessment criterion and determined the susceptibility levels of all glacial lakes in the study area. Results show that the number and area of glacial lakes increased by 40.4% and 26.2%, respectively, from 1990 to 2020, with expansion rates of 2.47 lakes/year and 0.26 km²/year. We identified 31 very highly and 48 highly susceptible lakes, mainly distributed along the Gongrigabu River and the Parlung Tsangpo River. Among them, 35 lakes are most likely to impact National Highways G219 and G318 within the study area. Additionally, three channels with glacial lake clustering amplification effects were found, which may lead to the superposition and amplification of flood impacts, significantly increasing GLOF risks and hazards. Our findings provide crucial references for ensuring the safe operation of local transportation networks and reducing GLOF risks in ongoing large-scale construction projects. Full article

Arduino-based creepmeters utilizing a Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) and ultrasonic sensors were fabricated to monitor displacement changes along the creeping segment of the West Valley Fault (WVF) in southeastern Metro Manila, Philippines. Along with a custom-assembled, Arduino-based rain gauge, these instruments were initially intended to prevent data gaps during the COVID-19 pandemic when commercial data recorders experienced operational downtime. However, they have since proven to be cost-effective alternatives for determining short-term slip rates and monitoring displacement variations driven by episodic and seasonal precipitation changes. The LVDT creepmeter provides higher accuracy for displacement and slip rate determination. Conversely, the ultrasonic creepmeter is better suited for tracking abrupt displacement changes and, to some extent, longer-term displacement trends as it is more sensitive to environmental conditions. Deploying low-cost monitoring instruments in active fault regions bridges critical data gaps and improves the understanding of creep triggers and mechanisms. Although vertical creep occurs along pre-existing tectonic features of the WVF creeping segment, our creepmeter monitoring reveals sustained, accelerated creep within its southern portion. This localized movement is driven primarily by nontectonic forces—chiefly groundwater extraction, with episodic and seasonal precipitation influences. Consequently, this implies a continued ground rupture hazard and the potential for induced seismicity. Full article

Flood susceptibility mapping is crucial for understanding flood-prone areas and mitigating the associated risks in vulnerable regions like the Sebeya Catchment. This study adopted a GIS-based Analytical Hierarchy Process (GIS-AHP) integrated with local community knowledge to evaluate flood susceptibility using 10 conditioning factors: Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Elevation, Rainfall, Slope, Land use/Land cover (LULC), Soil types, Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI), Distance to roads, Distance to rivers, and drainage density. These factors were selected based on their established influence on flood susceptibility as identified through literature review, expert consultation, and local community experience in the flood-affected zones. Spatial datasets were gathered from remote sensing platforms, Digital Elevation Models, Meteorological records, and existing geospatial databases, and were processed within a GIS environment. The pairwise comparison matrix of the AHP was used to derive weighting coefficients representing the relative contribution of each factor in inducing flood, with Rainfall (0.23), Slope (0.15), Distance to river (0.12), drainage density (0.12), and Elevation (0.11) as the most influential criteria. The findings revealed that 88.4% of the study area falls within a moderate flood-susceptible zone, whereas 6.4% and 5.2% fall within high and low susceptible zones, respectively. The current study indicates that damage to infrastructure, loss of livelihoods, displacement of communities, and increased costs of disaster response are key consequences observed in affected regions. A confusion matrix approach was employed to validate the flood susceptibility map, and the results indicate 0.97 as an overall accuracy, confirming strong model performance and reliability. The proposed adaptive strategies for enhancing flood resilience include improvement in land use planning, use of early warning systems, and sustainable catchment management. Full article