Fragile Watermarking of 3D Models in a Transformed Domain
1
Dipartimento di Informatica, Università di Torino, 10100 Torino, Italy
2
Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria—Politecnico di Milano, 20100 Milano, Italy
3
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Gestionale e della Produzione—DIGEP—Politecnico di Torino, 10100 Torino, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(9), 3244; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093244
Received: 7 April 2020 / Revised: 24 April 2020 / Accepted: 2 May 2020 / Published: 7 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data Hiding and Its Applications: Digital Watermarking and Steganography)
This paper presents an algorithm aimed at the integrity protection of 3D models represented as a set of vertices and polygons. The proposed method defines a procedure to perform a fragile watermarking of the vertices’ data, namely 3D coordinates and polygons, introducing a very small error in the vertices’ coordinates. The watermark bit string is embedded into a secret vector space defined by the Karhunen–Loève transform derived from a key image. Experimental results show the good performance of the method and its security.
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Keywords:
3D model; integrity protection; fragile watermarking; data hiding; genetic algorithm; Karhunen–Loève transform
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MDPI and ACS Style
Botta, M.; Cavagnino, D.; Gribaudo, M.; Piazzolla, P. Fragile Watermarking of 3D Models in a Transformed Domain. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 3244. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093244
AMA Style
Botta M, Cavagnino D, Gribaudo M, Piazzolla P. Fragile Watermarking of 3D Models in a Transformed Domain. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10(9):3244. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093244
Chicago/Turabian StyleBotta, Marco; Cavagnino, Davide; Gribaudo, Marco; Piazzolla, Pietro. 2020. "Fragile Watermarking of 3D Models in a Transformed Domain" Appl. Sci. 10, no. 9: 3244. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093244
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