Hydrocolloids comprise a diverse class of high-molecular-weight polymeric carbohydrates associated with a wide range of physicochemical and functional properties. This review provides an integrated analysis of natural hydrocolloids derived from algal...
Biomacromolecules have emerged as versatile building blocks for advanced drug delivery systems owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, chemical functionality, molecular recognition, and capacity for hierarchical organization. However, thei...
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short polypeptide molecules produced by multicellular organisms that are involved in host defense and microbiome preservation. In recent years, AMPs have attracted attention as novel drug candidates. However, their s...
Skin health depends on the coordinated maintenance of barrier integrity, immune homeostasis, redox balance, microbial ecology, and systemic metabolic status. Among dietary constituents, polysaccharides have attracted increasing attention because they...
Purpose: To explore anatomically adjusted point-to-point relationships between macular sensitivity and intraretinal layer thickness in healthy and glaucomatous eyes using combined optical coherence tomography (OCT) and microperimetry. Methods: Sevent...
Membrane proteins reside in the lipid bilayer of biomembranes and the structure and function of these proteins are closely related to their interactions with lipid molecules. Structural analyses of interactions between membrane proteins and lipids or...
The genomes from complex eukaryotes are enriched in non-coding genes whose transcription products (non-coding RNAs) are involved in the regulation of genomic output at different levels. Non-coding RNA action is predominantly driven by sequence and st...
Background: Polysaccharide–iron complexes (PICs) are widely used oral iron supplements, but their gastrointestinal tolerability varies and remains incompletely understood. As typical non-biological complex drugs (NBCDs), PICs exhibit structural...
Modern material design aims to achieve multifunctionality through integrating structures in a diverse range, resulting in simple materials with embedded functions. Biological materials and organisms are typical examples of this concept, where complex...
How the human brain works is still a question, as is its implication with brain architecture: the non-trivial structure–function relationship. The main hypothesis is that the anatomic architecture conditions, but does not determine, the neural...
Bigels (BGs) were formulated using gelatin (GA) or gellan gum (GG) hydrogels (HGs) combined with beeswax-structured oleogels (OGs). Carob fruit extracts—an inositol-rich fraction (I-CFE) and a polyphenol-rich fraction (P-CFE)—were incorpo...
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) starch is valued for its large granules, high paste viscosity, and neutral taste, yet its gelatinized form is rapidly digested and its native granules resist enzymatic attack. This review synthesizes peer-reviewed studie...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormalities in structure and function of the brain. However, how ASD affects the relationship between fiber-bundle microstructures and functional connectivit...
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a plant-derived polysaccharide with a long history of food use and a rapidly expanding portfolio of biomedical applications. Yet despite decades of research, translation of KGM-based materials from laboratory proof-of-conc...
Natural homopolysaccharides (HoPSs), composed of a single monosaccharide type, are increasingly recognized as bioactive macronutrients with broad relevance to nutrition and health. This review summarizes the extraction, structural characterization, a...
Levansucrase LevS from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F is a multidomain fructansucrase (MD-FN) that contains additional domains (ADs) to the catalytic domain. However, the understanding of the effect that these ADs have on enzyme activity remains va...
Functional nanocomposites have emerged as a transformative class of materials for advanced energy and electronic applications due to their ability to integrate multiple functionalities within engineered nanoscale architectures. This review provides a...
The study of the structure–function relationship of ion channels has been one of the most challenging goals in contemporary physiology. Revelation of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of ion channels has facilitated our understanding of many...
The Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT) is a bacterial virulence factor produced by several Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. These bacteria, found in distinct niches, cause diverse infectious diseases and produce CDTs differing in sequence and struct...
While the heart works as an efficient pump, it also has a high level of adaptivity by changing its structure to maintain function during healthy and diseased states. In this Review, we present examples of structure–function relationships across...
MXenes have emerged as a rapidly expanding family of two-dimensional transition-metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, characterized by exceptional compositional diversity, tunable surface chemistry, metallic conductivity, hydrophilicity, mecha...
This study aimed to determine the structure–function relationship (SFR) for ChCl–glycerol mixtures, a deep eutectic solvent (DES), by investigating their microscopic solvation dynamics and how it relates to their macroscopic properties ac...
Vegetable oil (VO)-based lubricants are environmentally friendly replacements for mineral oils. This work critically reviews the literature and identifies the molecular structures in VO-based lubricants which have been used to improve performance. Th...
Minocycline (MNC) is a tetracycline antibiotic capable of associating with cyclodextrin (CD), and it is a frontline drug for many instances of implant infection. Due to its broad-spectrum activity and long half-life, MNC represents an ideal drug for...
Human metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is an abundant nuclear-localized long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that has significant roles in cancer. While the interacting partners and evolutionary sequence conservation of MALAT1 h...
The Gag polyprotein is implied in the budding as well as the establishment of the supramolecular architecture of infectious retroviral particles. It is also involved in the early phases of the replication of retroviruses by protecting and transportin...
Proteins are among the most important molecules on Earth. Their structure and aggregation behavior are key to their functionality in living organisms and in protein-rich products. Innovations, such as increased computer size and power, together with...
The effect of collagen peptides (CPs) in intestinal mucosal protection has been approved in both cell and animal models. However, its structure–activity relationship and efficient peptide sequences are unclear, which hinders the in-depth study...
The accelerating generation of waste streams is observed globally. Spanning lignocellulosic biomass, plastic waste, sewage sludge, and industrial residues, this review presents both an urgent management challenge and a compelling materials opportunit...
Escherichia coli Direct Oxygen Sensor (Ec DOS, also known as Ec DosP) is a heme-based O2-sensing phosphodiesterase from Escherichia coli that catalyzes the conversion of cyclic-di-GMP to linear di-GMP. Cyclic-di-GMP is an important second messenger i...
To date, a number of mannose-binding lectins have been isolated and characterized from plants and fungi. These proteins are composed of different structural scaffold structures which harbor a single or multiple carbohydrate-binding sites involved in...
Two series (PMA and PMAT) of two-dimensional donor-acceptor copolymers consisting of a 3,4-bis(4-bromophenyl)maleimide derivative and triphenylamine with a conjugated side chain were designed and synthesized to probe their structure-function relation...
Advances in next-generation sequencing have facilitated the discovery of a multitude of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with pleiotropic functions in cellular processes, disease, and viral pathogenesis. It came as no surprise when viruses were also re...
Polymer-based dressings constitute an important class of macromolecular biomaterials enabling controlled drug delivery and enhanced wound healing performance. This review summarizes recent advances in the design, fabrication, and functionalization of...
The valorization of agro-industrial byproducts is attracting attention due to its potential to support circular bioeconomy development in food systems. Dragon fruit (Selenicereus spp.) peel, representing approximately one-third of total fruit mass, i...
To understand the biological complexity of life, one needs to investigate how biomolecules behave and interact with each other at a molecular level [...]
Over the last decade, algae have been explored as alternative and sustainable protein sources for a balanced diet and more recently, as a potential source of algal-derived bioactive peptides with potential health benefits. This review will focus on t...
Over the past decade, several studies have established a direct link between functional foods, nutraceuticals, and a reduced risk of oxidative-stress-related diseases. Nutraceuticals, which encompass a variety of bioactive molecules, exhibit both nut...
Membrane proteins embedded in biological membranes account for 30% of the proteins encoded in the human genome and play an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis of cells by functioning as transporters, for signal transaction and energy conver...
RTX proteins are a large family of polypeptides of mainly Gram-negative origin that are secreted into the extracellular medium by a type I secretion system featuring a non-cleavable C-terminal secretion signal, which is preceded by a variable number...
Background: Pectic polysaccharides exhibit therapeutic potential against intestinal inflammation. However, the influence of structural variations on their efficacy remains largely unexplored. Methods: This study investigated the structural and anti-i...
Metal nanoparticles are of increasing interest with respect to radiosensitization. The physical mechanisms of dose enhancement from X-rays interacting with nanoparticles has been well described theoretically, however have been insufficient in adequat...
Injectable hydrogels are versatile polysaccharide-based biomaterials whose performance is governed by macromolecular network architecture and structure–property–function relationships. Among polysaccharides, hyaluronic acid (HA) is partic...
Microplastics (MPs, plastic particles < 5 mm) and nanoplastics (NPs, plastic particles generally <1 µm), collectively referred to as micro/nanoplastics (MNPs), have emerged as critical contaminants in wastewater systems due to their persi...
Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is one of the most widely studied enzymes involved in collagen degradation. Mutations of specific residues in the MMP-1 hemopexin-like (HPX) domain have been shown to modulate activity of the MMP-1 catalytic (CAT) d...
Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the structure–function characteristics and vision-related quality of life (VR-QoL) in uveitic glaucoma (UG) compared with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). Method: The study included 69 patients with UG and 1...
Carboxylate-ligand-based coordination polymers and metal complexes form structurally adaptable crystalline systems, spanning discrete complexes, one-dimensional chains, two-dimensional layers, three-dimensional frameworks, and MOF-like architectures....
Okara, a fiber-rich soybean byproduct, can improve the sustainability of plant-based meats but may compromise texture when used at high levels. This study investigated the effects of okara flour (0–40%) on the structure–function relations...
Although chitosan (CS)- and essential oil (EO)-based packaging systems have been widely reviewed, a focused synthesis connecting nano-delivery design with interfacial regulation, film-network evolution, release behavior, and preservation performance...
The investigation of the structure–function relationship in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferases (HGPRT) is a direction that is relevant for the development of drugs and approaches of enzymatic synthesis of modified nucleosides and n...
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