The general assumption of a rigid base at the bottom of building structures during analysis and design underestimates the seismic response. Building structures resting on loose sand and soft clayey soil are vulnerable to earthquake forces. The amplif...
The flow around two tandem circular cylinders in proximity to a wall is investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV) for Re = 2 × 103. The spacing ratios L/D are 1, 2, and 5, and the gap ratios G/D are 0.3, 0.6, and 1. The proper orthogo...
An open-space ratio is often used as a first basic metric to examine the distribution of open space in urbanized areas. Originally, the open-space ratio was defined as the ratio of the area of open space (unbuilt area) to the area of its building sit...
In the context of waterfront-space design, this study examines the impact of plant enclosures and the ratio of water bodies to green spaces on the microclimate, aiming to enhance the climate environment and mitigate urban heat. Utilizing Fujian Agric...
William H. Whyte took on the challenge of assessing the amount of public space in a city based on its carrying capacity, pointing out that popular public spaces offer more room for social activities. However, the absence of qualitative characteristic...
In cement-based pastes, the relationship between the complex phase assemblage and mechanical properties is usually described by the “gel/space ratio” descriptor. The gel/space ratio is defined as the volume ratio of the gel to the available space in...
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted global development. Through bioaerosols emitted by human respiration, respiratory infectious diseases, including COVID-19, are transmitted. The bioaerosol concentrations can be affected by the urban climat...
Echo signals in different regions in the k-space of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data possess different amplitudes. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a received signal can be improved by differentially setting the receiving gain (RG) parameter i...
Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) have been widely used to enhance both the microscopic and macroscopic properties of the Portland cement (PC)–SCM composite matrix. Few studies have been undertaken to establish the gel/space ratio of...
In this paper, we propose a method for using mobile laser-scanning data to estimate the green space ratio (GSR), a landscape index that represents the proportion of green area to the whole-view area. The proposed method first classifies and segments...
Solar exposure and shading critically influence outdoor thermal comfort in residential areas, yet quantitative links between spatial morphology and microclimate remain insufficiently explored in cold-region cities. This study proposes a novel morphol...
Background: Prognosis in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is strongly influenced by lymph node involvement and adverse clinicopathological features. Systemic inflammatory indices derived from blood counts may reflect tumor–host interaction...
Within an Internet of Multimedia Things, the risk of disclosing streamed video content, such as that arising from video surveillance, is of heightened concern. This leads to the encryption of that content. To reduce the overhead and the lack of flexi...
In this paper, we develop new classification and estimation algorithms in the context of free space optics (FSO) transmission. Firstly, a new classification algorithm is proposed to address efficiently the problem of identifying structured light mode...
Background and Objectives: The relationship between preoperative inflammatory markers and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) in endometrioid-type endometrial cancer (EC) remains incompletely defined and warrants evaluation using robust statistical...
Two major global trends shaping 21st-century society are population aging and urbanization. Consequently, the living conditions of older adults have become an increasing focus of societal attention. Social–Emotional Responses play a crucial rol...
L-shaped steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) columns are commonly used as edge and corner members in bridge piers and high-rise buildings. However, systematic experimental evidence on their dynamic behavior and detailing effects under lateral impact rema...
Mixing hydrogen into natural gas pipelines for transportation is an effective solution to the imbalance between the supply and demand of hydrogen energy. Studying the influence of bent pipes in hydrogen-mixed natural gas explosion accidents can enhan...
The provisions for out-of-plane stability of steel arch bridges in three major design codes are presented in this paper. By employing an existing steel arch bridge as a model, the influence of bridge type, arch rib to lateral bracing stiffness ratio,...
In this paper, flow over a cluster of three equally spaced circular cylinders was studied by numerical simulation based on the turbulence model k-kl-ω for two incidence angles β = 0° and 60°, at different Reynolds numbers, and flow...
To address the issue of low accuracy in detecting defects of battery cell casings with low space ratio and small object characteristics, the low space ratio feature and small object feature are studied, and an object detection algorithm based on dual...
Through laboratory experiments in an S-shaped channel, this study analyzes how the flow Froude number, the ratio of ice-to-flow rate, pier spacing-diameter ratio, and bed material median grain size influence scour depth around side-by-side double pie...
Sponge city planning aims to manage urban development land to prevent flooding and to support the achievement of water resource protection objectives. In this study, from the perspective of rainfall management demand and ability, we present an improv...
This study experimentally investigated the effect of boulder spacing and boulder submergence ratio on the near-bed shear stress in a single array of boulders in a gravel bed open channel flume. An acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) was used to measur...
Low-voltage compact gyrotron is under development at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) for industrial applications. Due to the low operating voltage, the relativistic factor is weak, and interaction efficiency could...
The advantageous performance in terms of energy conversion for the flow-induced motion (FIM) of T-section prisms has been experimentally reported recently. In order to further understand the oscillation and energy conversion of multiple T-section pri...
Most of the tunnel excavation methods involve the use of explosion and vibration techniques that is not feasible in urban areas due to unavoidable production of noise, vibration, and dust. The environmental considerations of tunneling projects in urb...
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a severe congenital heart disease, yet its prenatal detection rate remains suboptimal. To support prenatal ultrasound screening of TAPVC, the post-left atrium space (PLAS) index and the left-atri...
Mechanical parking lots and spaces are known as the “energy saver” of urban space because of their small footprint, high efficiency, and environmental protection. However, the location and number of mechanical parking lots and space plann...
In longitudinal ventilation, circulating air is formed in portals for closely spaced twin tunnels, which causes mixing between the polluted air exhausted from one tunnel and the fresh air flow of another tunnel, thus leading to the rising costs of ve...
Spacecraft electrostatic discharge (ESD) can generate transient electric-field disturbances, pulse currents, and electromagnetic coupling that threaten onboard electronics and mission reliability. Localizing discharge sources in confined spacecraft s...
In this paper, the characteristics of the voltage transfer ratio (VTR) and low-order harmonics of the major modern space vector overmodulation strategies for two-level PWM converters are discussed under different VTRs, and the complexity of the modul...
Multispectral imaging (MI) provides important information for burned-area mapping. Due to the severe conditions of burned areas and the limitations of sensors, the resolution of collected multispectral images is sometimes very rough, hindering the ac...
Clarifying combustion-space behavior is essential for operating large-tonnage natural gas-fired float glass furnaces with complex single-furnace dual-cooler layouts. In this study, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model of the gas-pha...
We propose and demonstrate a hybrid communication architecture that combines millimeter-wave (MMW) in the radio frequency (RF) domain and free-space-optics (FSO) technologies using adaptive combining and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) techniq...
This paper presents a new high-speed RGB image transmission system over Free-Space Optics (FSO) channel employing Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) with Permutation Vector (PV) codes. Four RGB images are transmitted simultaneously at 10 G...
The double vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) system serves as a high-performance design solution. The Nautilus wind turbine investigated in this research imitated the structure of a Nautilus shell and is a vertical-axis drag-type wind turbine that ex...
This paper presents a numerical investigation of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of six elastically mounted circular cylinders in oscillatory flow, three smooth and three biofouled with triangular surface roughness elements. The study aims to characte...
In this study, we present a medical image stego hiding scheme using a nuclear spin generator system. Detailed theoretical and experimental analysis is provided on the proposed algorithm using histogram analysis, peak signal-to-noise ratio, key space...
Nurse crops of widely spaced pioneer trees are a silvicultural approach to protect the regeneration of frost sensitive target tree species. If overstorey nurse crops are harvested, they can provide additional short-term benefits through increased bio...
Segmentation of regions of interest is an important pre-processing step in many colour image analysis procedures. Similarly, segmentation of plant objects in digital images is an important preprocessing step for effective phenotyping by image analysi...
Local scour is a typical hydro-sediment coupled process around near-bed obstacles. Its intensity and spatial distribution are jointly controlled by the surrounding-flow structure, sediment transport, and bed-feedback deformation. To address the relat...
Gasoline–air mixture explosions mostly occur in buried tank rooms, which are annular cylindrical confined spaces with circular arches. In this paper, explosion experiments at different gasoline–air mixture volume fractions are carried out...
At present, visual imaging is widely applied for surface defects such as bumps and scratches in the manufacture of precise parts with a highly reflective surface. However, the high light reflection and halo disturbance as a result of the illumination...
In the present note we introduce a Pythagorean-like formula for surfaces immersed into 3-dimensional space forms
Flow structure and channel bed deformation caused by double piers in a tandem arrangement under ice-covered flow conditions in a bent channel is more complicated than those around a single pier in a straight channel. Based on experiments in an S-shap...
This study investigates the WAM-V (Wave Adaptive Modular Vessel) catamaran configuration, focusing on the hydrodynamic interaction between its articulated hulls. The unique hinged connection mechanism induces a relative angular displacement between t...
Green spaces (GS) play a pivotal role in promoting ecological sustainability and enhancing public well-being. However, traditional park green spaces (PGS), characterized by centralized layouts, often fail to meet the spatially diverse needs of urban...
A parametric study that examines the ground surface settlement due to the excavation of shallow offset arrangement twin tunnels is presented. Offset arrangement tunnels are those that run parallel to each other, but at different elevations. The study...
This study presents the design, development, and experimental validation of a custom test bench for evaluating the aerodynamic performance of a counter-rotating coaxial propeller system as a function of inter-propeller axial spacing. The experimental...
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