For the selective paste intrusion (SPI) method, thin layers of aggregate are locally bound by cement paste where the structure shall arise. After completion of the printing process, the structure is excavated from the particle-bed and the unbound par...
Biological gels (bio-gels) are hydrated polymer networks that serve diverse biological functions, which often lead to intentional or unintentional exposure to particulate matter. In this work, we derive a microscopically motivated framework that enab...
Microneedles are one promising penetration enhancement vehicle to overcome the stratum corneum skin barrier, which hampers the penetration of drug nanocrystals by transdermal delivery. In order to clarify the particle size effect of nanocrystals on t...
Systems based on artificial intelligence, such as particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm have received increased attention in many research areas. One of the main objectives in the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process is to achieve maximum...
The coupling between the key parameters of rock and soil particle composition and slurry diffusion paths exerts a significant influence on actual grouting effectiveness. Based on the spherical penetration grouting model for Bingham cement grout, this...
Recently, it has been demonstrated that particulate substances penetrate preferentially into the hair follicles and that the penetration depth depends on the particle size. In the present study, the influence of the vehicle of the particulate substan...
It is important that we understand the mechanism of the penetration of particles into a living cell to achieve advances in bionanotechnology, such as for treatment, visualization within a cell, and genetic modification. Although there have been many...
(1) Background: The study systematically investigated the influence of dispersed particles within a topical formulation on the dermal penetration efficacy of active compounds that are dissolved in the water phase of this formulation. The aim was to p...
The preformed particle gel (PPG) has been proved to be an effective chemical agent to reduce fluid channeling and increase the sweeping efficiency. However, we still lack a clear understanding of the field-scale matching relationship between PPG size...
The influence of size, particle concentration and applied dose (finite vs. infinite dose) on the dermal penetration efficacy of curcumin was investigated in this study. For this, curcumin suspensions with different particle sizes (approx. 20 µm...
Ingress of air from neighboring apartments is an important source of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in residential multi-story buildings. It affects the measurement and estimation of particle deposition rate and penetration factor. A blower-door met...
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has become a widely used technology in geophysical prospecting. The Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) method is a fully non-recursive signal decomposition method with noise robustness for GPR data processing. The VMD...
The chaos oscillation particle swarm optimization (COPSO) algorithm is prone to binge trapped in the local optima when dealing with certain complex models in ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data inversion, because it inherently suffers from premature...
Targeted drug delivery in the respiratory tract must overcome inertial impaction at the oropharyngeal bend which typically captures the majority of inhaled particles before they reach the larynx or lungs. We investigated whether head posture can be u...
Overcoming the blood–brain barrier (BBB) remains a significant challenge with regard to drug delivery to the brain. By incorporating targeting ligands, and by carefully adjusting particle sizes, nanocarriers can be customized to improve drug de...
The latest advancements in nanomedicine have led to increased therapeutic efficacy and reduced complications. However, nanoparticle penetration is significantly influenced by biological hydrogels, such as mucus, the extracellular matrix, biofilms, an...
Vibroflotation has proven to be an effective method for treating loose and unevenly graded coral sand foundations formed through hydraulic filling. In this study, a series of model tests were conducted to investigate the effects of particle gradation...
We report here on the application of laser-based single molecule total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) to study the penetration of molecules through the skin. Penetration of topically applied drug molecules is often observed to be...
The aim of this study was to study the influence of TiO2 coating for its efficacy during the activated-tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding and to suppress the use of consumables that are rich in critical raw materials. Post-welding penetration depth, pa...
3 April 2020
Kuwait is a developed Middle Eastern country that is impacted by frequent dust storms from regional and/or remote deserts. The effectiveness of keeping homes tightly closed during these events to reduce dust exposures was assessed using indoor and ou...
In recent years, the majority of countries have focused on the development of earth-penetrating weapons and the construction of deep underground fortifications. It is therefore necessary to assess the damage to underground structures under the attack...
The complexity and uncertainty of power sources connected to transmission networks need to be considered. Planners need information on the sustainability and economics of transmission network expansion planning (TNEP). This work presents a newly prop...
This paper investigates the prediction of the depth of penetration (DOP) for concrete targets under high-speed projectile impact using multiple simulation algorithms in LS-DYNA. Three numerical methods, i.e., the traditional finite element method (FE...
Ni-P-SiC composite coating was prepared on 45 steel surfaces through sandblasting and scanning electrodeposition to explore the relationship between element penetration region and composite coating properties. The single-factor control variable metho...
(1) Background: Ebolavirus (EBOV) poses as a significant threat for human health by frequently causing epidemics of the highly contagious Ebola virus disease (EVD). EBOV glycoprotein (GP), as a sole surface glycoprotein, needs to be cleaved in endoso...
Vehicles’ exhaust particulate matter (PM) emissions have significantly decreased over the years. On the other hand, non-exhaust emissions, i.e., particle emissions from brakes and tires, have increased due to the increase in the vehicle fleet,...
In Europe and Asia, vehicle emissions regulations include a number limit for particles larger than 23 nm, which might be reduced to 10 nm in the future. A particle number system (LABS) consists of a volatile particle remover (VPR) and a particle numb...
In this study, a brass or glass spherical impactor vertically penetrating into a granular bed composed of mono-sized spherical or elongated particles was simulated with three-dimensional (3D) discrete element method (DEM). Good agreement of the parti...
Tunnel boring machine (TBM) tunnel construction in composite strata relies heavily on understanding the rock-breaking characteristics of TBM cutters and optimizing cutter spacing and penetration. Utilizing a full-scale rock rotary cutting machine (RC...
In order to achieve stable and accurate sloshing simulations with complex geometries using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) method, a novel improved coupled dynamic solid boundary treatment (SBT) is proposed in this study. Comparing with the prev...
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can translocate across cell membranes, and thus have great potential for the cellular delivery of macromolecular cargoes. However, the mechanism of this cellular uptake process is not yet fully understood. In this stu...
Viral particles (VPs) have evolved so as to efficiently enter target cells and to deliver their genetic material. The current state of knowledge allows us to use VPs in the field of biomedicine as nanoparticles that are safe, easy to manipulate, inhe...
The aim of this study was to perform a preformulation study of dexamethasone (DXM)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for ocular use. Lipid screening was applied to find the most suitable solid and liquid lipids and surfactant for the NLC fo...
The approval of two mRNA vaccines as urgent prophylactic treatments against Covid-19 made them a realistic alternative to conventional vaccination methods. However, naked mRNA is rapidly degraded by the body and cannot effectively penetrate cells. Ve...
Earthquake-induced soil liquefaction (EISL) can cause significant damage to structures, facilities, and vital urban arteries. Thus, the accurate prediction of EISL is a challenge for geotechnical engineers in mitigating irreparable loss to buildings...
This work investigates the penetration behavior of SiC particles into Digital Light Processing (DLP)-printed thermoset substrates under low-pressure cold-spray conditions, aiming to enhance surface hardness and wear resistance. A coupled simulation f...
Fixed lingual retainers fabricated from 3D-printed resin (3DR) offer the benefits of geometric freedom; however, conventional approaches frequently rely on encapsulation or oversized retention pads to compensate for limited adhesion, increasing bulk...
As the installation of solar-photovoltaic and wind-generation systems continue to grow, the location must be strategically selected to maintain a reliable grid. However, such strategies are commonly subject to system adequacy constraints, while syste...
There is potential for cannabidiol to act as an analgesic, anxiolytic and antipsychotic active ingredient; however, there is a need to find alternate administration routes to overcome its low oral bioavailability. In this work, we propose a new deliv...
Langevin Dynamics numerical simulations have been used to compute the force profiles that dipolar polymer brushes exert onto a penetrating colloidal particle. It has been observed that force profiles are strongly influenced by externally applied fiel...
Permeable concrete is a type of porous concrete with the special function of water permeability, but the permeability of permeable concrete will decrease gradually due to the clogging behavior arising from the surrounding environment. To reliably cha...
An interconnected power system requires specific restrictions to be maintained for frequency, tie-line power, and the terminal voltage of synchronized generators to avoid instability. Therefore, frequency stability and voltage regulation issues are c...
Nano-particles and fibers-modified cementitious composite (NFCC) can greatly overcome the shortcomings of traditional cementitious materials, such as high brittleness and low toughness, and improve the durability of the composite, which in turn incre...
The subsurface target classification of ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a popular topic in the field of geophysics. Among the existing classification methods, geometrical features and polarimetric attributes of targets are primarily used. As polari...
Microstructure engineering of electrodes is one of the efficient routes to improve rate performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Currently, there is a lack of descriptors to rationally guide the regional electrode design. Here, we propose two des...
The lack of effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is an important current concern. Lipid nanoparticles can deliver innovative combinations of active molecules to target the various mechanisms of neurodegeneration. A significant ch...
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the delamination of convex-shaped metformin HCl (MF) and evogliptin tartrate (EG) multi-layer tablets depending on the pre-compression and main compression pressures and simultaneously correlate these res...
Mild non-ionic sucrose ester surfactants can be employed to produce lipid-based drug delivery systems for dermal application. Moreover, sucrose esters of intermediate lipophilicity such as sucrose stearate S-970 possess a peculiar rheological behavio...
In the field of nasal drug delivery, nose-to-brain delivery is among the most fascinating applications, directly targeting the central nervous system, bypassing the blood brain barrier. Its benefits include dose lowering and direct brain distribution...
6 January 2022
The potential for alcoholic vapors emitted by common sanitizing treatments to deteriorate the (electrostatic) filtration performance of disposable respirator masks has been investigated. Reports in the literature and some standard test methods provid...
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