Irradiation has long been regarded as a major source of degradation in metallic materials because energetic particles continuously generate irradiation-induced defects that lead to hardening, embrittlement, swelling and creep. Beyond its detrimental...
Surface defects are usually associated with the formation of other forms of expansion defects in crystals, which have an impact on the crystals’ growth quality and optical properties. Thereby, the structure, stability, and electronic structure...
Background: Injuries to the digital distal phalanx often result in functional impairments such as loss of grip and sensation, along with aesthetic challenges. Various reconstructive techniques, including the use of adipofascial flaps, have been explo...
Background: Defects of the foot and ankle area pose a significant challenge for both patients and surgeons. While the primary objective of microvascular free flap reconstructions of lower leg defects is limb preservation, there should be an effort to...
Defects in crystalline solids play a crucial role in determining properties of materials at the nano, meso- and macroscales, such as the coalescence of vacancies at the nanoscale to form voids and prismatic dislocation loops or diffusion and segregat...
Herein, we present our experience using a single-stage peninsular-shaped lateral tongue flap (pLTF) to cover various intraoral defects and confirm the versatile utility and effective application of pLTF in intraoral defect reconstruction. This study...
Glass inhomogeneities represent variations in the structural or compositional uniformity of glass, traditionally associated with process-related defects such as striae, bubbles, stones, and inclusions that impair transparency and mechanical stability...
In the case of the point defect in a crystal, the inverse Radon’s problem in X-ray diffraction microtomography has been solved. As is known, the crystal-lattice defect displacement field function f(r) = h·u(r) determines phases − (...
The accurate image segmentation of surface defects is challenging for modern convolutional neural networks (CNN)-based segmentation models. This paper identifies that loss imbalance is a critical problem in segmentation accuracy improvement. The loss...
Power law describes a common behavior in which a few factors play decisive roles in one thing. Most software defects occur in very few instances. In this study, we proposed a novel approach that adopts power law function characteristics for software...
The introduction of directional solidified cast mono silicon promised a combination of the cheaper production via a casting process with monocrystalline material quality, but has been struggling with high concentration of structural defects. The SMAR...
Carbon constitutes a significant defect in silicon (Si) as it can interact with intrinsic point defects and affect the operation of devices. In heavily irradiated Si containing carbon the initially produced carbon interstitial–carbon substitutional (...
Aims: The reconstruction of proximal humeral defects resulting from tumor resection is challenging. The purpose of this work was to retrospectively study the functional outcomes in patients with large bone defects after the resection of proximal hume...
In integrated circuit manufacturing, defects in epoxy drops for die attachments are required to be identified during production. Modern identification techniques based on vision-based deep neural networks require the availability of a very large numb...
A physical unclonable function (PUF) leverages the unclonable random variations in device behavior due to defects incurred during manufacturing to produce a unique “biometric” that can be used for authentication. Here, we show that the th...
Vibration monitoring of glass substrate transfer systems is crucial for ensuring the stable operation of Flat Panel Display (FPD) manufacturing equipment. Fabrication defects in the functional nanofiber membrane of flexible vibration sensors can sign...
The catalytic removal of C2H2 by Cu2O was studied by investigating the adsorption and partial oxidation mechanism of C2H2 on both perfect (stoichiometric) and CuCUS-defective Cu2O (111) surface models using density functional theory calculations. The...
In this study, the Kevin–Voigt viscoelastic constitutive relationship is used to investigate the vibration characteristics and stability of a functionally graded viscoelastic(FGV) fluid-conveying pipe with initial geometric defects under therma...
Background. The most common CFTR mutation, F508del, presents with multiple cellular defects. However, the possible multiple defects caused by many rarer CFTR mutations are not well studied. We investigated four rare CFTR mutations E60K, G85E, E92K an...
The functional change of the right ventricle (RV) after atrial septal defect (ASD) via transcatheter closure is well known. We assessed the immediate RV functional change using velocity vector imaging (VVI) with intracardiac echocardiography (ICE). S...
In the past, an isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD) was categorized as a simple lesion with assumed negligible long-term risks when treated correctly in childhood; however, evidence has suggested that patients with isolated congenital VSDs carry...
Genetic liver diseases encompass a heterogeneous group of conditions that disrupt hepatic development, structure, or function. Advances in high-throughput sequencing have revealed the molecular basis of many disorders previously defined only by clini...
Aims. To identify the difference between adult patients with septal defects and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) and patients without a history of arrhythmia using the left atrial (LA) volume and function parameters, to reveal the parameters assoc...
Genetic defects in the TSH receptor (TSHR) can cause poor thyroid differentiation (thyroid dysgenesis) and/or thyroid malfunction (thyroid dyshormonogenesis). The phenotype spectrum is wide: from severe congenital hypothyroidism to mild hyperthyrotro...
The rare Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) mutations, c.1826A > G (H609R) and c.3067_3072delATAGTG (I1023_V1024del), are associated with severe lung disease. Despite the existence of four CFTR targeted therapies, none have...
Mixed-halide perovskites enable the creation of high-performance and low-cost solar cells. Chloride incorporation enhances film morphology, carrier diffusion length, and stability, improving device performance. Nevertheless, optimizing film thickness...
In a fusion environment, tungsten, a plasma-facing material in a reactor, is subject to the irradiation of high-energy neutrons, generating a large amount of displacement damage and transmutation products (such as rhenium, Re). We studied the evoluti...
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect in humans. Genetic causes and underlying molecular mechanisms for isolated CHD remain largely unknown. Studies have demonstrated that GATA transcription factor 6 (GATA6) plays an essentia...
In this work, a known Eddy Current (EC) model is adapted to characterize subsurface defects in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates intended for the civil aerospace industry. The considered defects include delaminations, microcracks, porosit...
Graphene with defects is a vital support material since it improves the catalytic activity and stability of nanoparticles. Here, a density functional theory study was conducted to investigate the stability, energy, and reactivity properties of NinPdn...
Defects and in-plane strain have significant effects on the electronic properties of two-dimensional nanostructures. However, due to the influence of substrate and environmental conditions, defects and strain are inevitable during the growth or proce...
Critical-sized bone defects, or CSDs, are defined as bone defects that cannot be regenerated by themselves and require surgical intervention via employing specific biomaterials and a certain regenerative strategy. Although a variety of approaches can...
Background and Objectives: Reconstruction of extensive acetabular bone defects in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains technically demanding and is associated with a high risk of complications. Custom-made three-dimensional (3D)-printed impl...
Objectives: This study aimed to compare two surgical techniques—the free flap of the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery (SPBRA) and the free venous flap (FVF)—to evaluate their efficacy and aesthetic outcomes in repairing fing...
16 March 2020
Context: Palatal defects are encountered following tumor extirpation, trauma, or congenitally. Among the known alternatives, radial artery free forearm flap (RAFF) is a versatile flap that confers good results in head and neck reconstruction, but don...
This paper proposes a fabric defect detection algorithm based on the SA-Pix2pix network and transfer learning to address the issue of insufficient accuracy in detecting complex pattern fabric defects in scenarios with limited sample data. Its primary...
The Lerch transcendent is a three-parameter special function containing the Riemann zeta, Hurwitz zeta, Dirichlet eta, and polylogarithm functions as distinguished specializations. This study develops a defect-based framework for comparing fractional...
Two series of Sc3+- and Nb5+-doped TiO2 (rutile) samples were synthesized and characterized by SEM, ICPE spectroscopy, XPS, and BET methods. Photocatalytic activity of the doped TiO2 samples was tested in photocatalytic degradation of phenol. Depende...
14 May 2022
Study design: Retrospective case series. Objective: Alloplastic temporomandibular joint replacement has been established as a standard technique for end- stage temporomandibular (TMJ) pathologies. Joint replacement when there are extensive mandibular...
A first principles based density functional theory (DFT) has been employed to identify the signature of Stone–Wales (SW) defects in semiconducting graphene quantum dot (GQD). Results show that the G mode in the Raman spectra of GQD has been red...
Deep learning networks have shown excellent performance in surface defect recognition and classification of certain industrial products. However, most industrial product defect samples are scarce and have a wide variety of defect types, making method...
Graphyne has attractive electronic properties that make it a possible replacement of silicon in FET technology. In FET technology, the goal is to achieve low power dissipation and lower subthreshold swing. In this study, we focused on achieving these...
In this study, we demonstrate that a highly pH-sensitive substrate could be fabricated by controlling the type and defect density of graphene derivatives. Nanomaterials from single-layer graphene resembling a defect-free structure to few-layer graphe...
The defect relaxation volumes obtained from density-functional theory (DFT) calculations of charged vacancies and interstitials are much larger than their neutral counterparts, seemingly unphysically large. We focus on UO2 as our primary material of...
Cytotherapies are often necessary for the management of symptomatic large knee (osteo)-chondral defects. While autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has been clinically used for 30 years, allogeneic cells (clinical-grade FE002 primary chondroprog...
Code coverage-guided unit test generation (CGTG) and large language model-based test generation (LLMTG) are two principal approaches for the generation of unit tests. Each of these approaches has its inherent advantages and drawbacks. Tests generated...
The process of handling and bonding copper (Cu) and graphene inevitably creates defects. To use graphene/Cu composites as electronic devices with new physical properties, it is essential to evaluate the effect of such defects. Since graphene is an ul...
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the extent of tumor resection and free flap reconstruction influences functional outcome and complications in patients with solid malignancies of the cheek. Therefore, we retrospectively assessed re...
Due to the poor adaptability of traditional methods in the cigarette detection task on the automatic cigarette production line, it is difficult to accurately identify whether a cigarette has defects and the types of defects; thus, a cigarette appeara...
Experimental and simulation studies for carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption on porous silica glass were performed to reveal how surface heterogeneity can affect the adsorption mechanism of CO2. In performing the simulation, the structure of porous silica...
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