Accurate estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) serves as a cornerstone of personalized decision-making, especially in observational studies where treatment assignment is not randomized. However, the presence of confounding and complex...
We present a comprehensive framework for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects and evaluating decision-making policies in high-dimensional settings. Our approach combines nonlinear manifold learning techniques—UMAP, t-SNE, and Isomap&mdash...
Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects plays a vital role in many statistical applications, such as precision medicine and precision marketing. In this paper, we propose a novel meta-learner, termed RXlearner for estimating the conditional averag...
Physical water scarcity is a growing threat to people’s lives around the world. Non-pecuniary interventions that encourage water conservation amongst households are an effective tool to promote sustainable consumption. In a randomised field experimen...
There is great demand for inferring causal effect heterogeneity and for open-source statistical software, which is readily available for practitioners. The mcf package is an open-source Python package that implements Modified Causal Forest (mcf), a c...
Decision making plays a pivotal role in shaping outcomes across various disciplines, such as medicine, economics, and business. This paper provides practitioners with guidance on implementing a decision tree designed to optimise treatment assignment...
Modelling causal relationships has become popular across various disciplines. Most common frameworks for causality are the Pearlian causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and the Neyman-Rubin potential outcome framework. In this paper, we propose an i...
A method for estimating the conditional average treatment effect under the condition of censored time-to-event data, called BENK (the Beran Estimator with Neural Kernels), is proposed. The main idea behind the method is to apply the Beran estimator f...
28 November 2024
This study evaluated the germination of Cinchona spp. seeds under controlled environmental conditions within a geodesic dome equipped with photovoltaic energy. The main objective was to assess how stable temperature and humidity, along with potassium...
The winter planting of green manure (GM) is widely used in South China to reduce chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer use, improve soil fertility, and maintain rice yields, but its effect on N runoff loss in paddy fields remains unclear. This study combi...
We consider a model in which an outcome depends on two discrete treatment variables, where one treatment is given before the other. We formulate a three-equation triangular system with weak separability conditions. Without assuming assignment is rand...
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sixty years of contrasting fertilization treatments on the roots of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at sites with different soil and climate conditions. The depth and length density distrib...
Urban wastewaters contain pharmaceuticals that are not appropriately removed in conventional wastewater treatments, limiting treated water reuse. Microalgae have been shown to remove pharmaceuticals from urban wastewater in laboratory trials, but few...
In North Dakota, agriculture contributes a large sector of the state’s economy, but vegetable production is limited due to the state’s climate condition. Inadequate soil moisture and low soil temperature are the two major factors prohibiting quality...
The average treatment effect is an important concept in causal inference. However, it fails to capture variation in response to treatment due to heterogeneity at many levels among patients in the target population. To study the heterogeneity in the t...
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different soil amendments coupled with nitrogen fertilizer on the morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of salt-tolerant rice under saline conditions. The soil amendments, i.e., S1: zeoli...
Urban greening interventions are widely implemented to mitigate urban heat islands, but rigorous causal evaluation is hindered by three challenges: interventions are not randomly assigned (selection bias), treatment effects are heterogeneous across u...
This study evaluated the effects of hay-based total mix ration (TMR) in pelleted or unpelleted form on intake, weaning age, performance parameters, blood metabolites, and cost-effectiveness in crossbred dairy calves during the preweaning period under...
A total of 192 Iberian × Duroc pigs kept under intensive conditions were used to investigate the effects of feeding crude glycerin on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood parameters. Animals were blocked by initial body weight (96.0...
Heat treatment of the indoor environment of flour mills is an alternative technique to chemical fumigation for controlling insect pests. The aim of this research was to assess temperature distribution inside a flour mill during a heat treatment for i...
Several studies have recommended the incorporation of environmental fluctuations in indoor experiments if closer-to-natural results in plant experiments are desired. Previous authors have suggested that if these fluctuations are not applied in synchr...
17 March 2021
Depression is a major problem in youth mental health. Current treatment is on average effective, but adolescents are hesitant to seek help. Blended treatment could lower the barriers to seeking treatment. Evidence on effectiveness is, however, scarce...
The aim of this paper was to analyze the impact of air pollution and meteorological conditions on the effectiveness of recreation in selected health resorts in Poland in 2015–2019. Four municipalities with the status of health resorts were compared i...
In recent years, to improve sustainable production in horticultural crops, many new types of strategies have been developed, including organo-mineral fertilization to complement chemical fertilizers in order to enhance the nutritional status of plant...
Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) across multiple correlated outcomes poses significant challenges due to complex dependency structures and diverse data types. In this study, we propose a novel deep learning framework integrating empi...
The influence of the method of applying the activating additive ammonium chloride and its concentration on the density and microstructure of zinc oxide ceramic obtained by cold sintering at 244 °C was investigated. The activating agent was applie...
Future predictions of forest ecosystem responses are a challenge, as global temperatures will further rise in the coming decades at an unprecedented rate. The effect of elevated temperature on growth performance and phenology of three Prunus spinosa...
Improving the productivity and stability of winter wheat under increasingly variable climatic conditions remains a major challenge for sustainable agriculture. This study evaluated the effects of pre-sowing seed treatment with a microbial preparation...
Differences in drug tolerability among vertebrate groups and species can create substantial challenges for wildlife and ex situ conservation programmes. Knowledge of tolerance in the use of new drugs is, therefore, important to avoid severe toxicity...
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the world. With a 5-year survival rate of over 90% for patients at the early disease stages, the management of side-effects of breast cancer treatment has become a pressing issue. Observational, real-world d...
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of body condition (BC) and other characteristics on estrus responses post altrenogest treatment and on reproductive performance in 161 gilts, bred artificially, treated with 20 mg altrenogest orally...
Melatonin application has obvious improving effects on alleviating the drought-induced inhibition of plant growth. However, the root phenotypic dynamics in wheat treated with melatonin remain unknown. This study was conducted using RhizoPot, a novel...
Leonardite (LEO), a microbial derived product rich in humic and fulvic acids, has been tested, due to its beneficial properties for health and well-being, as a feed additive, mainly in non-ruminant species. Although there are some reports of LEO supp...
Background and aim: Fractional CO2 laser is therapeutic for acne atrophic scar, but its effect usually is limited after multiple sessions, with occasional adverse reactions. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new modality combi...
Background and Objectives: This retrospective study investigates the action of a bipolar, temperature controlled, endovaginal RF handpiece for the treatment of mild, moderate, and severe stress urinary incontinence with a minimally invasive approach....
Although inherently fertile, tropical soils rapidly degrade soon after cultivation. The period of time for which crops, mulch, compost, and manure provide nutrients and maintain mineral fertilizers in the soil is relatively short. Biochar, on the oth...
Soil nutrients and water management practices according to the concept of 4R nutrient stewardship (right rate, right timing, right placement, and right source) can have significant benefits on crop productivity and reduce the negative effects of agri...
Establishment of interseeded alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under corn (Zea mays L.) silage is enhanced with foliar applications of prohexadione (PHD) followed by fungicide plus insecticide (FI), but the lowest effective rates must be determined. We ev...
The effects of temperature, and photoperiod on autumn phenology are well established for many species. However, the impact of multiple environmental factors and their interactions on regulating autumn phenology remains insufficiently explored. A larg...
This research examined the effectiveness of zinc foliar fertilizers. Two winter wheat varieties, GK Pilis and Zvezdana, were tested in a Zn-limited meadow chernozem soil. Crop yields and chlorophyll concentrations of the leaves were examined in the g...
Background/objectives: The effectiveness of emergency medical procedures administered to a patient in a life-threatening condition depends, to a large degree, on the knowledge and skills of medical response team personnel. Their competencies can be d...
This work compares the performance of vertical subsurface flow treatment wetlands (VSSF TWs) for wastewater treatment, planted with Zantedeschia aethiopica (Za), here operated simultaneously under two different climate conditions, arid and Mediterran...
To improve the removal efficiency of rural domestic sewage, a two-stage multi-soil-layer sewage treatment system with an “aeration section + non-aeration section” was designed, and its treatment performance was observed under different in...
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) converts wet biomass such as sewage sludge (SS) into hydrochar and also produces highly contaminated process water (PW) that requires further treatment. This study evaluated the aerobic biological treatment of diluted...
Sustainable management of agricultural resources is needed to meet people’s increasing demands for food, fiber and energy while maintaining the quality of the environment and protecting natural resources. With the rapid growth of agriculture an...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bioaugmentation with Archaea domain organisms on the activated sludge (AS) expressed by the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) in a laboratory sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The influence of depletion of the...
This paper presents deep learning models—specifically, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and hybrid Convolutional Neural Network–LSTM (CNN-LSTM) with a Copula-Based Random Forest (CBRF) model to estimate Heterogeneous Treatment Effec...
The argan tree, which is found in southern Morocco, is characterized by environmental, economic and nutritional benefits, but the growth of this tree is very slow. This makes it necessary to find methods to accelerate its growth. A pot experiment was...
Stable isotope-assisted approaches can improve untargeted liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) metabolomics studies. Here, we demonstrate at the example of chemically stressed wheat that metabolome-wide internal standardi...
6 April 2010
Linear regression models are often used to represent the cost and effectiveness of medical treatment. The covariates used may include sociodemographic variables, such as age, gender or race; clinical variables, such as initial health status, years of...
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