Total organic carbon content is the important parameter in determining the quality of hydrocarbon source rocks. To accurately evaluate the TOC parameters of shale reservoirs and coal-measure shale reservoirs, the method to improve the accuracy of a r...
Hydraulic fracturing utilizes pressurized liquid typically consisting of water, proppants, and a multitude of chemical additives, in order to fracture petroliferous strata to extract natural gas and oil. In this process, a vast amount of wastewater i...
Penconazole (C12H15Cl2N3) is widely used to prevent fungal infection of fruits. Since this toxic fungicide is recalcitrant to biological degradation, it has harmful impacts on aquatic ecosystems. TiO2-based heterogeneous photocatalysis proved to be a...
This review presents the principles of conductometric measurements in ionic media and the equivalent electrical circuits of different designs for conductometric measurements. These types of measurements were first applied for monitoring biocatalytic...
Level 3 automated driving systems could introduce challenges to traffic systems as they require a specific lead time in their procedures to ensure the safe return of vehicle control to the driver. These processes, called ’transitions of control...
Global measurements of total ozone are necessary to evaluate ozone hole recovery above Antarctica. The Environmental Trace Gases Monitoring Instrument (EMI) onboard GaoFen 5, launched in May 2018, was developed to measure and monitor the global total...
With the increasing demand for ultrapure water in the pharmaceutical and semiconductor industry, the need for precise measuring instruments for those applications is also growing. One critical parameter of water quality is the amount of total organic...
The observed ozone layer depletion is influenced by continuous anthropogenic activity. This fact enforced the regular ozone monitoring globally. Information on spatial-temporal variations in total ozone columns (TOCs) derived by various observational...
The methods for determining total organic carbon (TOC) in carbonate rocks are mainly the conventional TOC method and the montmorillonite thickening method. However, both methods suffer from organic matter loss during the measurement process and inacc...
The ground-based ozone observation instrument, Brewer spectrophotometer (Brewer), was used to evaluate the quality of the total ozone column (TOC) produced by multiple polar-orbit satellite measurements at three stations in Antarctica (King Sejong, J...
Vitamin E isoforms are essential nutrients that are widely used as dietary supplements and therapeutic agents for a variety of diseases. However, their pharmacokinetic (PK) properties remain poorly characterized, and high dosage animal studies may pr...
Atmospheric ozone plays an important role in the biosphere’s absorbing of dangerous solar UV radiation and its contributions to the Earth’s climate. Nowadays, ozone variations are widely monitored by different local and remote sensing met...
Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is the most highly expressed subtype in the colon epithelium and mediates the protective effect of estrogen against the development of colon cancer. Indeed, the expression of this receptor is inversely related to c...
This paper presents a novel method based on a dual-cavity fiber Fabry–Pérot interferometer (DCFFPI) for simultaneously measuring the thermo-optic coefficient (TOC) and thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of a polymer. The polymer is, by...
The Total Operating Characteristic (TOC) is an improvement on the quantitative method called the Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC), both of which plot the association between a binary variable and a rank variable. TOC curves reveal the sizes of...
The anthropogenic impact on the ozone layer is expressed in anomalies in the total ozone content (TOC) on a global scale, with periodic enhancements observed in high-latitude areas. In addition, there are significant variations in TOC time trends at...
The online measurement of ground water quality, as one important area of water resource protection, can provide real-time measured water quality parameters and send out warning information in a timely manner when the water resource is polluted. Based...
The Environmental Trace Gases Monitoring Instrument 2 (EMI-2), a second-generation Chinese hyperspectral satellite-based spectrometer, was launched on 7 September 2021. The total ozone column (TOC) product, which is one of the most important elements...
The Total Operating Characteristic (TOC) measures how the ranks of an index variable distinguish between presence and absence in a binary reference variable. Previous methods to generate the TOC required the reference data to derive from a census or...
A machine learning algorithm combined with measurements obtained by a NILU-UV irradiance meter enables the determination of total ozone column (TOC) amount and cloud optical depth (COD). In the New York City area, a NILU-UV instrument on the rooftop...
Levels of alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc) decline gradually in blood throughout prepartum, reaching lowest levels (hypovitaminosis E) around calving. Despite numerous reports about the disease risk in hypovitaminosis E and the effect of α-Toc supplementatio...
The mass fraction of total organic carbon (TOC) is one of the key indicators for evaluating the hydrocarbon generation potential of shale source rocks. Experimental measurements to evaluate the TOC content require significant cost and time. Furthermo...
In humans, α-tocopherol (α-TOC) is mainly stored in adipose tissue, where it participates in preventing damages induced by inflammation and reactive oxygen species. Factors, including genetic ones, that explain adipose tissue α-TOC concentration rema...
The objective of this work is to analyze the temporal and spatial variability of the total ozone column (TOC) trends over the Yangtze River Delta, the most populated region in China, during the last 35 years (1978–2013) using remote sensing-derived T...
The long time (2 h) required for measurement, expensive chemicals (Ag2SO4), and toxic reagents (K2Cr2O7, HgSO4) limit the application of the standard method for measuring the oxygen equivalent of organic content in wastewater (chemical oxygen demand,...
This paper presents the results of an investigation into the photooxidation of tocopherols (Tocs) dissolved in argonated and non-argonated n-hexane. During irradiation, steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectra as well as lifetimes were measur...
Source rock evaluation plays a key role in studies of hydrocarbon accumulation and resource potential. Total organic carbon (TOC) is the basis of source rock evaluation and it is a key parameter that influences petroleum resource assessment. The Maji...
We used coupled watershed and reservoir models to evaluate the impacts of deforestation and l Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase on drinking water quality. Source water total organic carbon (TOC) is especially important due to the potential for p...
Objectives: (1) To describe the experiences of community pharmacists in transitions of care (TOC) from hospital to home in a Midwestern metropolis; and (2) to develop instruments to measure perceived importance of TOC activities. Methods: Survey item...
Gamma-ray parameters are widely used to screen organic-rich intervals, yet the influence of lithofacies heterogeneity on the reliability of gamma-ray-based TOC predictions remains incompletely evaluated. This study aims to (1) assess the relationship...
This paper proposes an optical method which allows determination of the organic compound concentration in water by measurement of the UV (ultraviolet) absorption at a wavelength of 250 nm~300 nm. The UV absorbance was analyzed by means of a multiple...
25 September 2021
The emergency department (ED) crowding is a critical healthcare issue worldwide that leads to long waits and poorer healthcare outcomes. Goldratt’s theory of constraints (TOC) has been used effectively to improve such problematic environments for mor...
Total organic carbon (TOC) is important geochemical data for evaluating the hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks. TOC is commonly measured experimentally using cutting and core samples. The coring process and experimentation are always ex...
The global deterioration of water quality due to climate change and industrialization has intensified the need for real-time monitoring systems. In South Korea’s automated water quality monitoring networks, measuring total organic carbon (TOC)...
Lithofacies characterization of organic-rich shales constitutes the essential foundation for sweet spot evaluation in lacustrine shale oil systems. This study targets the first member of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1) in the south...
A methodology to estimate surface water quality using remote sensing is presented based on Landsat satellite imagery and in situ measurements taken every six months at four separate sampling locations in a tropical reservoir from 2015 to 2019. The re...
Multispectral images obtained from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become strategic tools in precision agriculture, particularly for analyzing spatial variability in soil attributes. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of soil...
31 May 2020
This study was conducted to develop and validate a more reliable total organic carbon (TOC) analytical procedure for water samples containing suspended solids (SS). The effects of the combined ultrasonic and alkaline pretreatment (CULA) on the TOC me...
The total organic carbon (TOC) content in lake sediments is an effective archive indicating past climate changes. However, the resolution of the TOC record has generally been limited by factors such as subsampling intervals, hampering further compreh...
Estimation of methane adsorption capacity is crucial for the characterization of shale gas reservoirs. The methane adsorption capacity in shales is measured using high-pressure methane adsorption to obtain the adsorption isotherms, which can be fitte...
The purpose of this work is to study Rossby wave parameters in total ozone over the Arctic in 2000–2021. We consider the averages in the January–March period, when stratospheric trace gases (including ozone) in sudden stratospheric warmin...
The long-term temporal trends and spatial distribution of Ozone (O3) over Egypt is presented using monthly data from both the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the model Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) da...
The interest in titanium (IV) oxo-complexes is due to their potential application in photodegradation processes and environmental pollutants reduction. Titanium (IV) oxo-complexes (TOCs) of the general formula [Ti3O(OiPr)8(OOCR’)2] (R’ =...
Purpose: The aim of this paper was to investigate correlations between pre- therapeutic [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC uptake and absorbed dose to tumours from therapy with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE. Methods: This retrospective study included 301 tumours from 54 GEP-NE...
Osteocalcin, in its non-carboxylated form, has a positive effect on glucose metabolism. Additionally, osteocalcin levels are related to body composition, especially muscle mass. The relation to the distribution of different adipose tissue types, such...
Sweden has committed itself to comply with EU-directive 2009/28/EC on energy from renewable sources and 2012/27/EU on improvement in the efficiency of energy. Measures in the existing housing stock, such as installing photovoltaics (PV), provide a me...
In this study we focus on measurements and modeled UV index in the region of Athens, Greece, during a low ozone event. During the period of 12–19 May 2020, total ozone column (TOC) showed extremely low values, 35–55 Dobson Units (up to 15%) decrease...
Anomalous ozone loss in the Northern Hemisphere during winter–spring periods has been increasingly observed in recent decades. Regular monitoring of stratospheric gases involved in ozone-depleting processes is essential for predicting the appea...
Considerable debate remains regarding the mechanisms responsible for the reduction in organic matter (OM) pores in post-mature shales. To address this issue, complementary techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), total organic carbon...
Numerous attempts have been made to detect signs of ozone layer recovery over Antarctica, which has been expected since the beginning of the 21st century as a result of the reduction in concentrations of ozone-depleting substances in the Antarctic st...
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