This study determines the nuclear pragmatic limit where the direct physical negative consequences of nuclear weapons use are counter to national interests, by assuming all unknowns are conservatively optimistic. The only effect considered is nuclear...
Governments have vital missions, such as securing their nation from many internal or external risks/threats. Thus, they prepare themselves against different scenarios. The most common scenario for all countries is “facing attacks from other cou...
Thailand, like other countries worldwide, has experienced instability in recent years. If current trends continue, the number of crimes endangering people or property will expand. Closed-circuit television (CCTV) technology is now commonly utilized f...
Weapon detection in CCTV camera surveillance videos is a challenging task and its importance is increasing because of the availability and easy access of weapons in the market. This becomes a big problem when weapons go into the wrong hands and are o...
The intersection between autonomous weapon systems (‘AWS’) and non-State armed groups (‘NSAG’) is an underexplored aspect of the AWS debate. This article explores the main ways future policymakers can reduce the risk of NSAGs...
Weapon target assignment is a critical challenge in military contexts. Traditionally, commanding officers manually decide weapon assignments, but the problem’s complexity has grown over time. To address this, automated systems have been introdu...
Today, with the increasing number of criminal activities, automatic control systems are becoming the primary need for security forces. In this study, a new model is proposed to detect seven different weapon types using the deep learning method. This...
The sensor-weapon–target assignment (S-WTA) problem is a crucial decision issue in C4ISR. The cooperative engagement capability (CEC) of sensors and weapons depends on the S-WTA schemes, which can greatly affect the operational effectiveness. I...
Improved surveillance systems provide early warnings and improve public safety. Such systems are desperately needed in light of the rising number of armed robberies in private and public places. A YOLOv8-based system specifically intended for CCTV-ba...
The armed forces of major nations have utilized modeling and simulation technologies to develop weapon systems corresponding to changing modern battlefields and reducing the development cycle. However, model design is complex owing to the characteris...
The necessity for intelligent monitoring has grown more urgent as the number of crimes involving firearms and knives in homes and public areas has increased. Traditional CCTV systems require human operators, whose attentiveness and the impracticabili...
With the development of 3D printing, weapons are easily printed without any restriction from the production managers. Therefore, anti-3D weapon model detection is necessary issue in safe 3D printing to prevent the printing of 3D weapon models. In thi...
6 October 2022
The current geopolitical situation and the war on Ukraine’s territory generate questions about the possible use of a nuclear weapon and create the need to refresh emergency protective plans for the population. Ensuring the protection of public...
A weapon system-of-systems (WSoS) is a higher-level system comprising various functional weapon equipment systems interconnected via mutual relationships, forming a hierarchical structure that can generate overall combat effectiveness. A critical fac...
Firearm homicide is a leading cause of death among children and young men in the U.S. (ages 1–19), with young Black males in urban environments facing rates 18-to-24-fold higher than their non-Hispanic White peers in 2023. A key precursor to fi...
In an era where security concerns are ever-increasing, the need for advanced technology to detect visible and concealed weapons has become critical. This paper introduces a novel two-stage method for concealed handgun detection, leveraging thermal im...
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms have significant advantages in terms of cost, number, and intelligence, constituting a serious threat to traditional frigate air defense systems. Ship-borne short-range anti-air weapons undertake terminal defense...
The weapon target allocation (WTA) problem is a crucial issue in anti-missile command decisions. However, the current anti-missile weapon target allocation models ignore the dynamic complexity, cooperation, and uncertainty in the actual combat proces...
The sensor–weapon–target allocation (S-WTA) is a typical collaborative task allocation problem involved in network-centric warfare (NCW). The existing related studies have a limitation to the nature of cooperation and uncertainty in an ai...
This article describes a brief history of chemical warfare, which culminated in the signing of the Chemical Weapons Convention. It describes the current level of chemical weapons and the risk of using them. Furthermore, some traditional technology fo...
Dynamic weapon target assignment (DWTA) is an effective method to solve the multi-stage battlefield fire optimization problem, which can reflect the actual combat scenario better than static weapon target assignment (SWTA). In this paper, a meaningfu...
Underwater acoustic homing weapons (UAHWs) are formidable underwater weapons with the capability to detect, identify, and rapidly engage targets. Swift and precise target identification is crucial for the successful engagement of targets via UAHWs. T...
The growth of the Internet has led to the emergence of servers that perform increasingly heavy tasks. Some servers must remain active 24 h a day, but the evolution of network cards has facilitated the use of Data Processing Units (DPUs) to reduce net...
The weapon-target assignment problem is a crucial decision support in a Command and Control system. As a typical operational scenario, the major asset-based dynamic weapon target assignment (A-DWTA) models and solving algorithms are challenging to re...
The prioritization of capability gaps for weapon system of systems is the basis for design and capability planning in the system of systems development process. In order to address input information uncertainties, the prioritization of capability gap...
To address the insufficient utilization of network model features and low search efficiency in kill chain analysis for Weapon System of Systems (WSoS), a complex network model of WSoS based on OODA loop was constructed, which converts the indicator s...
The emergence of modern chemical weapons and chemical warfare is traditionally associated with World War I, but the use of poisons in the military has its roots deep in the past. The sources of these poisons have always been natural agents that also...
During land expropriation, it is difficult to form a real antagonistic relationship between farmers and the local Government due to disparities, which means the confrontations between them are difficult to administer. The confrontation between both p...
This paper aims at explaining the lessons learned from the chemical attacks that took place in 2013 in the Syrian military conflict, especially the sarin attacks on the Ghouta area of Damascus on August 21. Despite the limitations the UN Mission fo...
Weapon-target assignment (WTA) is a kind of NP-complete problem in military operations research. To solve the multilayer defense WTA problems when the information about enemy’s attacking plan is symmetric to the defender, we propose four heuris...
Within the Arab community of Israel, the influence of masculine perceptions, violence, the carrying of weapons, and their subsequent use are growing concerns that significantly impact public safety. The omnipresence of social media further complicate...
Existing research on the “weapons effect” indicates that simply seeing a weapon can prime aggressive thoughts and appraisals and increase aggressive behavior. But how and why does this happen? I begin by discussing prevailing explanations...
This paper examines the hypothesis that changes in hunting weapons during the Paleolithic were a direct response to a progressive decline in prey size. The study builds upon a unified hypothesis that explains Paleolithic human evolutionary and behavi...
In recent years, there has been an increase in the types of marine weapons used in response to diverse hostile threats. However, because marine weapons are only tested under a single set of environmental conditions, failures due to different environm...
Gun violence is a global problem that affects communities and individuals, posing challenges to safety and well-being. The use of autonomous weapons detection systems could significantly improve security worldwide. Despite notable progress in the fie...
This paper presents the results of experimental investigations of a precision sensor for an automatic weapons stabilizer system. It also describes the experimental equipment used and the structure of the developed sensor. A weapons stabilizer is desi...
This article describes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme involved in parasympathetic neurotransmission, its activity, and how its inhibition can be pharmacologically useful for treating dementia, caused by Alzheimer’s disease, or as a warf...
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top 10 global health threats facing humanity, and the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is among the heavily affected regions due to its weak health systems and limited resources. Due to an escalating number of AMR...
The Dark Web is a subset of the Deep Web, requiring special browsers, the Dark Net refers to encrypted networks, the Deep Web encompasses non-indexed online content, and darknet includes unused IP address networks. The Dark Net has become a hotbed of...
Autonomous weapons systems (AWS), sometimes referred to as “killer robots”, are receiving ever more attention, both in public discourse as well as by scholars and policymakers. Much of this interest is connected to emerging ethical and legal problems...
This article argues that millennial Scottish culture has been animated in large part by a push to overcome a historiographical compulsion built into the modern British state’s understanding of nature. This understanding of nature became the fou...
“Novichoks” is the name given to the controversial chemical weapons supposedly developed in the former Soviet Union between the 1970s and the 1990s. Designed to be undetectable and untreatable, these chemicals became the most toxic of the...
The collection of twelve bronze artifacts discovered in Xichuan provides invaluable historical insights into the Warring States period (476 BC to 221 BC) of ancient China. To investigate their fabrication techniques and current state of preservation,...
The globally invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) possesses a venom lethal to some amphibian species in the invaded range. To test the novel weapons hypothesis (NWH), the effects of the toxin on the cohabiting amphibian species in the ant&rsqu...
A critical survey concerning biocidal energetics is proposed according to a classification depending on their chemical structure. The need of optimizing the performances of such compounds is an important target for the inertization of biological weap...
Networked Cyber–Physical Systems (CPSs), like autonomous quadrotor swarms, tightly couple continuous physical kinematics, wireless information exchange, and discrete real-time task scheduling. While conventional consensus security architectures...
Due to the widespread proliferation of multimedia traffic resulting from Internet of Things (IoT) applications and the increased use of remote multimedia-based applications, as a consequence of COVID-19, there is an urgent need to develop intelligent...
With the advancement of information technology (IT), the importance of cyber security is increasing because of the expansion of software utilization in the development of weapon systems. Civilian embedded systems and military weapon systems have cybe...
The discovery, in 2004, of extracellular traps released by neutrophils has extended our understanding of the mode of action of various innate immune cells. This fascinating discovery demonstrated the extracellular trapping and killing of various path...
Pattern recognition algorithms have been used to make it possible for computer vision to self-train and comprehend visual input. Advanced measurements have been required every time for the early detection of armed threats in order to decrease acciden...
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