Pharmacokinetic modelling is extensively used in understanding drug behavior, distribution and optimizing dosing regimens. This study presents a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model developed using three numerical approaches that includes the Euler...
This study presents an integrated computational framework combining Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), experimental validation, and surrogate modelling to analyse and optimise the thermal performance, thermodynamic stability, and energy efficiency o...
This article presents the application of the compartment model to investigate the pharmacokinetics of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), one of the cannabinoids found in cannabis, after smoking cannabis. The behavior of THC and its metabolite concent...
A nonlinear compartment model generates a semi-process on a simplex and may have an arbitrarily complex dynamical behaviour in the interior of the simplex. Nonetheless, in applications nonlinear compartment models often have a unique asymptotically s...
We studied flux–fractional compartment models with Caputo memory terms and their associated state sensitivity systems. The state, classical parameter sensitivities, and fractional-order sensitivity are formulated within a unified linear Volterr...
The flow field driven by a compartment fire usually contains several flow zones with different physical structures. As each type of turbulence model has its own predominant application area, it is logical to apply two or more simple turbulence models...
An experimental and modeling study was carried out to investigate the effect of wall opening location on the mass flow rates of gases through the opening and the associated fire phenomena, such as compartment temperature, projected flame height throu...
3 June 2022
We propose a new compartment model of COVID-19 spread, the broken-link model, which includes the effect from unconnected infectious links of the transmission. The traditional SIR-type epidemic models are widely used to analyze the spread status, and...
Due to the heterogeneous nature of large-scale fermentation processes they cannot be modelled as ideally mixed reactors, and therefore flow models are necessary to accurately represent the processes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used more an...
Lipid vesicles and related nanocarriers often contain two compartments, such as the inner and outer leaflets of a bilayer membrane between which amphipathic molecules can migrate. We develop a stochastic model for describing the transfer kinetics of...
The modelling of fire behaviour in a compartment is the subject of this work. A small-scale experimental study was carried out in a compartment sized 0.5 m × 0.5 m × 0.5 m with a single door with a width of 0.2 m and a height of 0.4 m. Th...
Accurate prediction of blood toxin concentration during and after dialysis will greatly contribute to the determination of dialysis treatment conditions. Conventional models, namely single-compartment model and two-compartment model, have advantages...
This article aims to develop a method to automatically generate CFD-based compartment models. This effort to simplify mixing models aims at capturing the interactions between material transport and chemical/biochemical conversions in large-scale reac...
In experimental medicine, a wide variety of sensory measurements are used. One of these is real-time precision pressure measurement. For comparative studies of the complex pathophysiology and surgical management of abdominal compartment syndrome, a m...
Background: Combination medication strategies often involve complex interactions, making determining the appropriate pharmacodynamic component ratios challenging. Methods: This study established a time–dose relationship model through the compar...
We study epidemic spreading in complex networks by a multiple random walker approach. Each walker performs an independent simple Markovian random walk on a complex undirected (ergodic) random graph where we focus on the Barabási–Albert (...
To evaluate the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy occurring in the interstitial space of the myocardium, we estimated the interstitial concentration of talaporfin sodium in the canine myocardium by constructing a three-compartment pharmacokinetic...
The therapeutic potential of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a primary cannabinoid in the cannabis plant, has led to its development into oral medical products for treating various conditions. However, THC, being a psychoactive substance, can lead...
Although most of the early research studies on fractional-order systems were based on the Caputo or Riemann–Liouville fractional-order derivatives, it has recently been proven that these methods have some drawbacks. For instance, kernels of these met...
Antiviral pulse dosing is shaped by discrete dosing events, two-compartment pharmacokinetics, nonlinear pharmacodynamics, and resistance evolution. To characterize sustained suppression, resistance accumulation, and risk-cost tradeoffs within a unifi...
This study validates numerical models for mixed polymer combustion in a B-707 aircraft cargo compartment against Federal Aviation Administration test data. A simplified approach using a predefined mass loss rate was compared with a detailed model cou...
Background/Objectives: A compartmental pharmacokinetics (PK) analysis of new extended half-life FVIII concentrates has never been performed in a large cohort of hemophilia patients. An improved PK analysis of individual outcomes may help to tailor he...
With the aging population, osteoporosis has become an important public health issue. The purpose of this study was to establish a two-compartment model (TCM) to quantify the volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) of the lumbar spine using abdominal c...
This study aimed to investigate the effect of a structural pharmacokinetic (PK) model with fewer compartments developed following sparse sampling on the PK parameter estimation and the probability of target attainment (PTA) prediction of vancomycin....
The human gut microbiota rely on complex carbohydrates for energy and growth, particularly dietary fiber and host-produced mucins. These complex carbohydrates must first be hydrolysed by certain microbial groups to enable cross-feeding by the gut mic...
In order to solve the problems of thermal management efficiency and temperature control accuracy in the passenger compartment of electric vehicles, the phase change thermal storage design concept and the model-free adaptive control method are applied...
This paper compares the performances of three Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) turbulence models, Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS), Detached Eddy Simulation (DES), and Large Eddy Simulation (LES), for simulating the flow field of a wheel loade...
Compartment fires, such as those occurring in buildings and confined spaces, impose modeling challenges due to the complexity of turbulent flows, combustion, and radiative heat transfer. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become a vital tool for...
Wooden site cabins and modular units are combustible enclosures in which a single furniture fire can rapidly involve adjacent rooms, yet full-scale experimental data on multi-compartment fire development involving combustible interior linings remain...
The traditional concept of compartmentation guaranteed by fire resistance is mainly concerned with the problem of destructive internal spread potential. External convective spread potential pertains to the loss of compartmentation associated with win...
The aim of this work was to extend the VERDICT-MRI framework for modelling brain tumours, enabling comprehensive characterisation of both intra- and peritumoural areas with a particular focus on cellular and vascular features. Diffusion MRI data were...
Long-term consequences of radionuclide contamination of the Arabian Gulf as a result of hypothetical accidents at the Bushehr and Barakah nuclear power plants (NPPs) were studied using a chain of models including the atmospheric dispersion model RIMP...
Aqueous humor (AH) is a watery fluid continuously circulating through the posterior and anterior chambers of the human eye and is essential to maintain a healthy intraocular pressure in the eyeball and keep the eye clean from waste products of metabo...
We selected the COVID-19 outbreak in the state of Oregon, USA as a system for developing a general geographically nuanced epidemiological forecasting model that balances simplicity, realism, and accessibility. Using the life history simulator HexSim,...
Accurate measurement of low-level thoron gas and high-accuracy calibration of thoron measurement devices are essential for assessing and preventing thoron radiological risks. This study aimed to develop a thoron gas measurement technique using an air...
Introduction: Dacomitinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor approved for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the first line in patients with EGFR activating mutations. Dacomitinib is taken orally on...
Compartment modeling is a widely accepted technique in the field of pharmacokinetic analysis. However, conventional compartment modeling is performed under a homogeneity assumption that is not a naturally occurring condition. Since the assumption lac...
This paper presents a modular hybrid mathematical model of bacterial fermentation developed by integrating a detailed kinetic model for the central carbon metabolism of Escherichia coli with a simplified four-compartment model of a large stirred bior...
Weak alternating electric fields are widely used in neuromodulation techniques such as transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), yet the precise biophysical mechanisms underlying neuronal responses remain incompletely understood. Current c...
Monoclonal antibodies are commonly engineered with an introduction of Met428Leu and Asn434Ser, known as the LS mutation, in the fragment crystallizable region to improve pharmacokinetic profiles. The LS mutation delays antibody clearance by enhancing...
Jet loop reactors are standard multiphase reactors used in chemical, biological and environmental processes. The strong liquid jet provided by a nozzle enforces both internal circulation of liquid and gas as well as entrainment and dispersion of the...
The global explosion of the COVID-19 pandemic has created worldwide unprecedented health and economic challenges which stimulated one of the biggest annual migrations globally. In the Indian context, even after proactive decisions taken by the Govern...
31 July 2015
Methylmercury is well known for causing adverse health effects in the brain and nervous system. Estimating the elimination constant derived from the biological half-life of methylmercury in the blood or hair is an important part of calculating guidel...
A Bass diffusion model is defined on an arbitrary network, with the additional introduction of behavioral compartments, such that nodes can have different probabilities of receiving the information/innovation from the source and transmitting it to ot...
Chemotherapy often induces severe neutropenia due to the myelosuppressive effect. While predictive pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) models of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) after anticancer drug administrations have been developed, their de...
Background/Objectives: The diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of the extremities is typically based on subjective clinical signs and symptoms, highlighting the need for user-friendly diagnostic tools to improve accuracy and reliability. Th...
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive tumor type and is usually detected at late stage. Here, mathematical modeling is used to assess the feasibility of two-step early detection with biomarkers, followed by confirmatory imaging. A...
Simulation modeling is crucial in support of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) for nuclear power plants (NPPs). There is a challenge, however, associated with simulation modeling that relates to the time and resources required for collecting data t...
Understanding spatiotemporal patterns of salinity in Barataria Basin in coastal Louisiana is important to better understand and manage operations of existing and proposed freshwater and sediment diversions from the Mississippi River into the estuary....
Background: Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance devices such as the InBody 770 (IB770) offer faster measurements and lower costs compared with other body composition assessments. This study validated measures from IB770 against the deuterium oxide...
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