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Electronics, Volume 14, Issue 22

2025 November-2 - 195 articles

Cover Story: This paper investigates energy optimization in automated industrial storage systems. We introduce an unsupervised learning methodology based on self-organizing maps (SOMs) to extract and characterize operational energy states from sensor data. By combining topological clustering with temporal state transition analysis, the method yields an interpretable taxonomy of energy efficiency levels and dynamic behaviors. This framework supports explainable monitoring and supports proactive energy management strategies in Industry 4.0 environments, offering both economic and environmental benefits. View this paper
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Articles (195)

  • Article
  • Open Access
697 Views
20 Pages

20 November 2025

Accurate detection of wildlife on the Tibetan Plateau is particularly challenging due to complex natural environments, significant scale variations, and the limited availability of annotated data. To address these issues, we propose a semantic-guided...

  • Article
  • Open Access
880 Views
17 Pages

Accurate Calculation of High-Frequency Transformer Leakage Inductance Based on Dowell’s Model and Analysis of Influencing Factors

  • Yangyang Ma,
  • Wenle Song,
  • Junlei Zhao,
  • Lei Wang,
  • Shenghui Mu,
  • Jing Wu,
  • Hang Zhang and
  • Peng Su

20 November 2025

The leakage inductance of high-frequency transformers (HFTs) is a critical parameter affecting the performance of power electronic equipment, such as DC-DC converters. During the transformer design phase, by precisely calculating and retaining an app...

  • Article
  • Open Access
624 Views
18 Pages

Cognitive Chain-Based Dual Fusion Framework for Multi-Document Summarization

  • Chenyang Li,
  • Long Zhang,
  • Junshuai Zhang and
  • Qiusheng Zheng

20 November 2025

Multi-Document Summarization (MDS) is a critical task in natural language processing that aims to condense document clusters into concise and comprehensive summaries. However, existing approaches based on large language models (LLMs) often lack struc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
538 Views
26 Pages

20 November 2025

The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) has become essential in our daily lives. It plays a core role in operating our daily infrastructure from energy grids and water distribution systems to healthcare and household devices. However, the rap...

  • Article
  • Open Access
666 Views
15 Pages

Electromagnetic Twin Space: When Digital Twins Meet the Electromagnetic Space

  • Pan Zhen,
  • Bowen Zhu,
  • Ning Wang,
  • Chuan Gu,
  • Meng Wang and
  • Daoxing Guo

20 November 2025

With the escalating demand for electromagnetic spectrum resources in the 5G/6G era, efficient management of the electromagnetic space has become a critical challenge. This paper proposes the concept of an Electromagnetic Digital Twin (EDT) and an inn...

  • Article
  • Open Access
561 Views
24 Pages

20 November 2025

In recent years, Single-Image Super-Resolution (SISR) has gained significant attention in the geoscience and remote sensing community for its potential to improve the resolution of low-quality underwater imagery. This paper introduces MIMAR-Net (Mult...

  • Article
  • Open Access
887 Views
26 Pages

20 November 2025

This paper discusses the method for extending the range of Magnetic Induction (MI) and its application in underwater networks for the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT). In underwater communication, this technology would provide a wider frequency b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
537 Views
13 Pages

20 November 2025

This paper proposes a super-twisting sliding mode observer-based model-free current controller (ST-MFCC) for permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). First, the mathematical model of the PMSM is established, and the model dependence of the deadbeat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
488 Views
22 Pages

Experimentally-Based Circuit Modeling Validation of a DC-Electrified Railway System for Rail Voltage and Stray-Current Evaluation

  • Carlo Olivieri,
  • Lino Di Leonardo,
  • Francesco de Paulis,
  • Antonio Orlandi,
  • Fabio Sbarra and
  • Marco Camomilla

20 November 2025

Despite advancements in mitigating stray current in railway systems, and their impact on nearby installations (i.e., pipelines), challenges remain, necessitating ongoing research and close collaboration between academia and the railway industry. This...

  • Article
  • Open Access
784 Views
17 Pages

20 November 2025

This study presents a high-speed, 9-bit integrating-mode phase interpolator (IMPI) in a 12 nm FinFET process. The proposed slew-rate-tolerant design accepts bandwidth-limited inputs, relaxing the stringent need for high-slew-rate clocks found in prio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
873 Views
26 Pages

From Forecasting to Foresight: Building an Autonomous O&M Brain for the New Power System Based on a Cognitive Digital Twin

  • Xufeng Wu,
  • Zuowei Chen,
  • Hefang Jiang,
  • Shoukang Luo,
  • Yi Zhao,
  • Dongwei Zhao,
  • Peiyao Dang,
  • Jiajun Gao,
  • Lin Lin and
  • Hao Wang

20 November 2025

Despite notable advances in load forecasting and fault detection, current power system operation and maintenance (O&M) technologies remain fragmented into independent and primarily reactive modules. Load forecasting estimates future demand, where...

  • Article
  • Open Access
999 Views
20 Pages

Development of Green Lignin–MWCNTs Hybrids for Sustainable Conductive Materials

  • Sofia P. Makri,
  • Stefania Koutsourea,
  • Alexios Grigoropoulos,
  • Kata Berkesi,
  • Michalis Kartsinis,
  • Ioanna Deligkiozi and
  • Alexandros Zoikis-Karathanasis

20 November 2025

The increasing environmental impact of electronic waste has intensified the pursuit of sustainable materials for manufacturing green electronics. This study presents the development of lignin-based hybrids with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)...

  • Article
  • Open Access
603 Views
22 Pages

Additive Manufacturing as a Cost-Effective Solution for Stepped-Septum Polarizers

  • Tayla Dahms,
  • Bahare Mohamadzade,
  • Ken W. Smart and
  • Stephanie L. Smith

20 November 2025

Additive manufacturing (AM) offers significant potential for producing complex, cost-effective, and high-performance components in the radio frequency and microwave industry. To significantly benefit from the manufacturing and design freedoms AM offe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
515 Views
26 Pages

Multi-Length Prediction of the Drilling Rate of Penetration Based on TCN–Informer

  • Jun Sun,
  • Wendi Huang,
  • Lin Du,
  • Qianyu Yang,
  • Bowen Deng and
  • Xiqiao Chen

20 November 2025

The Rate of Penetration (ROP) during drilling is nonstationary and exhibits coupled local fluctuations, which makes it challenging to model for accurate prediction. To address the challenge of modeling multi-scale temporal dependencies in drilling, t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
414 Views
22 Pages

20 November 2025

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), node localization technology serves as a critical foundation for Internet of Things (IoT) applications such as environmental monitoring and ecological protection. High-precision localization has long been a key cha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
925 Views
17 Pages

20 November 2025

Virtual reality (VR) learning environments can provide enriched, effective educational experiences by heightening one’s sense of immersion. Consequently, virtual agents (VAs) capable of complementing or substituting human instructors are gainin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
550 Views
16 Pages

19 November 2025

Low-light images commonly suffer from insufficient contrast, noise accumulation, and colour shifts, which impair human perception and subsequent visual tasks. We propose MambaDPF-Net—a dual-path fusion framework based on the retinal effect, adh...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,862 Views
29 Pages

Lightweight AI for Sensor Fault Monitoring

  • Bektas Talayoglu,
  • Jerome Vande Velde and
  • Bruno da Silva

19 November 2025

Sensor faults can produce incorrect data and disrupt the operation of entire systems. In critical environments, such as healthcare, industrial automation, or autonomous platforms, these faults can lead to serious consequences if not detected early. T...

  • Article
  • Open Access
797 Views
13 Pages

19 November 2025

This study presents the development and validation of an unobtrusive automatic sleep quality assessment index (ASQI) designed for elderly individuals. The proposed method utilizes features such as sleep duration, sleep latency, and sleep efficiency,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
450 Views
32 Pages

19 November 2025

To address the issues of incomplete indicator coverage and dynamic weights not aligning with changes in the external environment in the evaluation of equipment group capability adaptability—resulting in biased evaluation results and poor applic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
478 Views
16 Pages

19 November 2025

The rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has raised challenges in hardware security, as these devices often transmit sensitive data. Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) provide a promising approach to address such security concern...

  • Article
  • Open Access
464 Views
17 Pages

19 November 2025

As power electronic converters increase in scale, impedance measurement has become critical for assessing system stability, detecting islanding, and performing other critical analyses. This paper derives the impedance from the voltage and current res...

  • Article
  • Open Access
501 Views
22 Pages

19 November 2025

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) is hindered by low signal-to-noise ratios, minute object scales, and strong target–background similarity. Although long-range skip fusion is exploited in SCTransNet, the global context is insufficiently c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
800 Views
22 Pages

An Improved YOLOv11-Based Method for Defect Detection in Lyophilized Vial

  • Dengbiao Jiang,
  • Kelong Zhu,
  • Nian Tao and
  • Xingwei Ren

19 November 2025

Lyophilized Vial is the primary packaging form for injectable pharmaceuticals. However, conventional vision-based inspection methods have shown limited effectiveness in detecting Lyophilized Vial defects. Because the defect regions in Lyophilized Via...

  • Article
  • Open Access
516 Views
25 Pages

19 November 2025

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) provides centralized control over routing paths through a logically centralized controller. Although Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) such as GraphSAGE have shown strong potential for network topology analysis, their sup...

  • Article
  • Open Access
733 Views
22 Pages

Maskable PPO-Based Topology Control for Reverse Power Flow Mitigation in PV-Rich Distribution Networks

  • Tu Lan,
  • Ruisheng Diao,
  • Wangjie Xu,
  • Jiehua Ju,
  • Xuanchen Xiang and
  • Kunqi Jia

19 November 2025

The rapid proliferation of photovoltaic (PV) generation has transformed conventional distribution systems, resulting in frequent reverse power flow (RPF) and associated overvoltage issues. This paper presents a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based...

  • Article
  • Open Access
691 Views
16 Pages

19 November 2025

Conventional waveform-based speech enhancement models prioritize temporal modeling, often neglecting the irreversible spectral information loss triggered by standard downsampling. Consequently, this study introduces a novel frequency-aware framework....

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
739 Views
24 Pages

Ultra-Short-Term Power Prediction for Distributed Photovoltaics Based on Time-Series LLMs

  • Chen Lv,
  • Hang Fan,
  • Zuhan Zhang,
  • Menghua Fan,
  • Wencai Run,
  • Liuqing Yang,
  • Yuying Yang and
  • Dunnan Liu

19 November 2025

Distributed photovoltaic power generation is volatile and intermittent, and its power generation is usually difficult to accurately predict. Previous studies have focused on physical or mathematical modeling methods, and it is difficult to grasp the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,035 Views
22 Pages

Comparative Analysis of SiC-Based Isolated Bidirectional DC/DC Converters for a Modularized Off-Board EV Charging System with a Bipolar DC Link

  • Kaushik Naresh Kumar,
  • Rafał Miśkiewicz,
  • Przemysław Trochimiuk,
  • Jacek Rąbkowski and
  • Dimosthenis Peftitsis

19 November 2025

The choice of a suitable isolated and bidirectional DC/DC converter (IBDC) topology is an important step in the design of a bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) charging system. In this context, six 10 kW rated silicon carbide (SiC) metal–oxide&...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,090 Views
17 Pages

19 November 2025

Knowledge graphs (KGs) have emerged as fundamental infrastructures for organizing structured information across a wide range of AI applications. Practically, KGs are often incomplete, which limits their effectiveness. Knowledge Graph Completion (KGC)...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,058 Views
26 Pages

19 November 2025

This paper presents a new operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) design for batteryless biomedical front-ends. The proposed OTA operates in the subthreshold region and utilizes self-cascode devices to achieve ultra-low power, low noise, and a h...

  • Article
  • Open Access
624 Views
24 Pages

19 November 2025

Cyber-physical power systems integrate sensing, communication, and control, ensuring power system resiliency and security, particularly in clustered networked microgrids. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) provides a suitable foundation by centralizin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
529 Views
16 Pages

19 November 2025

To address the vibration issues in bearingless interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (BIPMSMs) caused by rotor mass unbalance and inverter dead-time (DT) effects during operation, a vibration suppression strategy based on a Proportional–...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,179 Views
15 Pages

19 November 2025

This study presents a digitally controlled, combined pulse-width and pulse-density modulator (PWDM) that leverages the inherent pulse-width modulation associated with natural binary counting. The proposed approach involves combining the individual bi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
870 Views
21 Pages

19 November 2025

Accurately evaluating multi-core embedded systems remains a major challenge, as existing benchmarking methods and tools fail to reproduce realistic workloads with inter-core contentions. This study introduces a benchmark framework for Linux-based emb...

  • Article
  • Open Access
446 Views
15 Pages

19 November 2025

Against the backdrop of rapidly growing distributed photovoltaics (DPVs) and mounting pressure on conventional frequency-regulation (FR) resources, this study proposes a day-ahead–intraday two-stage optimal scheduling strategy for aggregators o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
879 Views
14 Pages

19 November 2025

Accurate and label-free quantitative phase imaging (QPI) plays a crucial role in advancing diagnostic techniques that streamline histology and diagnostic procedures by minimizing sample preparation time, resources, and requirements. Although Digital...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,795 Views
15 Pages

18 November 2025

Three-dimensional Human Reconstruction from Monocular Vision is a key technology in Virtual Reality and digital humans. It aims to recover the 3D structure and pose of the human body from 2D images or video. Current methods for dynamic 3D reconstruct...

  • Article
  • Open Access
989 Views
13 Pages

Study on Threshold Voltage Drift for SiC MOSFET Under Avalanche Stress

  • Haitao Zhang,
  • Lin Cai,
  • Chen Fan,
  • Huipeng Liu,
  • Su Yan,
  • Rikang Zhao and
  • Pengpeng Yuan

18 November 2025

In this article, a dedicated testing system is developed to realize low-delay threshold voltage (VTH) characteristic testing of silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET devices after an avalanche stress. The developed low-delay testing system enables VTH detecti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,499 Views
25 Pages

Assessing the Adequacy of MQTT and ZeroMQ for 5G-Enabled V2X Networks

  • Aditya Timalsina,
  • Naba Raj Khatiwoda,
  • Babu R. Dawadi,
  • Ashutosh Bohara,
  • Shashidhar R. Joshi,
  • Carlos T. Calafate and
  • Pietro Manzoni

18 November 2025

The advent of fifth-generation (5G) networks has enabled cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communication, requiring the efficient delivery of large volumes of real-time vehicular data under stringent latency and reliability constraints. At the a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
910 Views
17 Pages

18 November 2025

Digital image watermarking is a vital tool for copyright protection and content authentication. However, most existing methods perform well only under single noise types, while real-world applications often involve composite noises with multiple dist...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,406 Views
18 Pages

Explainable AI for Federated Learning-Based Intrusion Detection Systems in Connected Vehicles

  • Ramin Taheri,
  • Raheleh Jafari,
  • Alexander Gegov,
  • Farzad Arabikhan and
  • Alexandar Ichtev

18 November 2025

Connected and autonomous vehicles, along with the expanding Internet of Vehicles (IoV), are increasingly exposed to complex and evolving cyberattacks. Consequently, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) have become a vital component of modern vehicular c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,129 Views
27 Pages

18 November 2025

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Models (LMMs) are significantly influencing scientific research, including archaeology—a discipline dealing with uniquely complex, multimodal data. This comprehensive review systematically examines re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
584 Views
19 Pages

Mining Patient Cohort Discovery: A Synergy of Medical Embeddings and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search

  • Dimitrios Karapiperis,
  • Antonios P. Antoniadis and
  • Vassilios S. Verykios

18 November 2025

Traditional methods for patient cohort identification from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are often slow, labor-intensive, and fail to capture the rich semantic nuance embedded in unstructured clinical narratives. This paper introduces a scalable,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
717 Views
22 Pages

18 November 2025

The soft-sensor model (SSM) has been widely used for monitoring water quality, operational state, and performance evaluation in wastewater treatment process (WWTP). However, due to serious dynamics in WWTP under different working conditions, SSM face...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,329 Views
21 Pages

Implementation Efficiency of Falcon Digital Signature Scheme on Arty-7 XC7A35T Board

  • Tat-Thang Nguyen,
  • Duc-Duy Nguyen,
  • Toan-Thanh Dao and
  • Nhu-Quynh Luc

18 November 2025

In this study, the authors propose a solution for implementing a digital signature system using the post-quantum digital signature scheme Falcon on the FPGA hardware platform XC7A35T-CPG236. The system is combined with a software component developed...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
757 Views
22 Pages

A Comparison of Cyber Intelligence Platforms in the Context of IoT Devices and Smart Homes

  • Mohammed Rashed,
  • Iván Torrejón-Del Viso and
  • Ana I. González-Tablas

18 November 2025

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are increasingly deployed in homes and enterprises, yet they face a rising rate of cyberattacks. High-quality Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is essential for data-driven, deep learning (DL)-based cybersecurity, as st...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1,519 Views
23 Pages

Perspectives on Safety for Autonomous Vehicles

  • Rahul Razdan,
  • Raivo Sell,
  • M. Ilhan Akbas and
  • Mahesh Menase

18 November 2025

Autonomy is enabled by the close connection of traditional mechanical systems with information technology. Historically, both communities have built norms for validation and verification (V&V), but with very different properties for safety and as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
745 Views
35 Pages

18 November 2025

With the increasing adoption of virtual reality (VR) in research and training applications, reliable stress detection in naturalistic settings remains challenging, particularly when hardware complexity must be minimized. This study presents an enhanc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
594 Views
16 Pages

18 November 2025

By leveraging retrieval-augmented generation technology in human–computer interaction applications, a large language model was established based on local hardware to construct a root cause query model for equipment failures on virtual power pla...

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Electronics - ISSN 2079-9292