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Electronics
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Efficient and Resilient DC Energy Distribution Systems
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Efficient and Resilient DC Energy Distribution Systems

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Industrial Electronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 July 2025 | Viewed by 863

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Fernando Bento

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CISE - Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro, P-6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
Interests: fault diagnosis; fault tolerance; DC-DC converters; energy efficiency analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Antonio J. Marques Cardoso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CISE - Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro, P-6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
Interests: diagnosis and fault tolerance of electrical machines, power electronics and drives
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The adoption of direct current (DC) energy distribution systems is considered a critical step towards more efficient and sustainable energy generation, distribution, and consumption. Indeed, the advantages of DC energy systems are broad: enhanced exploitation of distributed energy resources based on renewable energies and energy storage devices, higher energy efficiency, and easier integration and control.

At the same time, it is known that the accomplishment of efficient and resilient DC energy distribution systems presents significant challenges, as these systems may either be compromised by internal disturbances (faults in the DC system components or buses) or external disturbances (cyber-attacks).

Due to the absence of natural zero current crossing points, low impedance, and fast fault propagation, the protection of DC energy systems against internal disturbances must be accomplished by dedicated circuit breakers. Thanks to their features, DC protection devices allow for the safe and fast commutation of the fault current. Selective protection and fast fault isolation are key features that any direct current circuit breaker (DCCB) should attain, assuring minimal power outages and the effective protection of sensitive electronic components.

In addition, the significant dependence of DC energy systems on cooperative decentralized control approaches makes these energy systems highly vulnerable against external disturbances, namely cyber-attacks. In this regard, the investigation and deployment of cybersecurity measures applied to energy distribution systems and their individual components gains particular emphasis.

This Special Issue focuses on the discussion of challenges and the presentation of emerging technologies for the protection of DC energy systems against both internal and external disturbances.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • DC circuit breakers;
  • Hybrid circuit breaker technologies;
  • Transient over voltage and lightning protection;
  • Coordination of DC protection devices;
  • Failure mode analysis in DC protections;
  • Solid-state circuit breaker technologies;
  • Wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor-based DC protection;
  • Fault-tolerant DC protection systems;
  • Over voltage/over current protection;
  • Efficiency optimization of DC protection devices;
  • Commutation mechanisms for DC protections;
  • Identification of vulnerabilities in DC energy systems;
  • Analysis of cyber-attack mechanisms;
  • Attack detection strategies;
  • Cyber-attack mitigation strategies;
  • Cybersecure DC energy systems;
  • Resilient control methods;
  • Future trends in cybersecurity.

Dr. Fernando Bento
Prof. Dr. Antonio J. Marques Cardoso
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • DC energy distribution systems
  • faults
  • cyber-attacks
  • DC protection
  • cybersecurity

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 8720 KiB  
Article
High Step-Up Interleaved DC–DC Converter with Voltage-Lift Capacitor and Voltage Multiplier Cell
by Shin-Ju Chen, Sung-Pei Yang, Chao-Ming Huang and Po-Yuan Hu
Electronics 2025, 14(6), 1209; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14061209 - 19 Mar 2025
Viewed by 277
Abstract
In this article, a new high step-up interleaved DC–DC converter is presented for renewable energy systems. The converter circuit is based on the interleaved two-phase boost converter and integrates a voltage-lift capacitor and a voltage multiplier cell. A high voltage gain of the [...] Read more.
In this article, a new high step-up interleaved DC–DC converter is presented for renewable energy systems. The converter circuit is based on the interleaved two-phase boost converter and integrates a voltage-lift capacitor and a voltage multiplier cell. A high voltage gain of the converter can be achieved with a reasonable duty ratio and the voltage stresses of semiconductor devices are reduced. Because of low voltage stress, the switches with low on-resistance and the diodes with low forward voltage drops can be adopted to minimize the conduction losses. Additionally, the switching losses are reduced because the switches are turned on under zero-current switching (ZCS) conditions. Due to the existence of leakage inductances of the coupled inductors, the diode reverse-recovery problem is alleviated. Moreover, the leakage energy is recycled and the voltage spikes during switch turn-off are avoided. The parallel input architecture and interleaved operation reduce the input current ripple. The operating principles, steady-state characteristics, and design considerations of the presented converter are proposed in detail. Furthermore, a closed-loop control is designed to maintain a well-regulated output voltage despite variations in input voltage and output load. A prototype converter with a rated 1000 W output power is realized for demonstration. Finally, experimental results show the converter effectiveness and verify the theoretical analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficient and Resilient DC Energy Distribution Systems)
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19 pages, 8435 KiB  
Article
Method for Network-Wide Characteristics in Multi-Terminal DC Distribution Networks During Asymmetric Short-Circuit Faults
by Xinhao Li, Qianmin Li, Hanwei Li, Xinze Zhou and Zhihui Dai
Electronics 2025, 14(6), 1120; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14061120 - 12 Mar 2025
Viewed by 355
Abstract
With the widespread integration of distributed energy resources and novel loads, the DC attributes of distribution networks are becoming increasingly pronounced. Multi-terminal flexible DC distribution networks have emerged as a trend for future distribution grids due to lower line losses, better power quality, [...] Read more.
With the widespread integration of distributed energy resources and novel loads, the DC attributes of distribution networks are becoming increasingly pronounced. Multi-terminal flexible DC distribution networks have emerged as a trend for future distribution grids due to lower line losses, better power quality, etc. However, owing to their low damping and inertia, the multi-terminal flexible DC distribution network is vulnerable to DC faults. Analyzing the fault characteristics and calculating the fault current level is of great significance for the design of relay protection systems and the optimization of associated parameters. Throughout the fault process, the discharge paths of multiple converters are mutually coupled, and the fault characteristics are complex, which poses a great challenge to short-circuit calculations. This paper proposes a method for calculating the characteristic quantities of the whole network throughout the asymmetric short-circuit fault in a multi-terminal flexible DC distribution network. During the capacitor discharge stage, an equivalent model of the fault port is established before the control response. During the fault ride-through stage, a transfer matrix that takes into account the electrical constraints on both the AC and DC sides of the converters is proposed by combining the equivalent circuit of fully controlled converters. Finally, a simulation model of a six-terminal flexible DC distribution network is developed in PSCAD/EMTDC, and the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method expands the calculation range from faulty branch to network-wide characteristic quantities throughout the process of asymmetric short-circuit faults, with the maximum relative error remaining below 5%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficient and Resilient DC Energy Distribution Systems)
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