The COVID-19 pandemic is characterized by a recurring sequence of peaks and troughs. This article proposes a regime-switching unobserved components (UC) approach to model the trend of COVID-19 infections as a function of this ebb and flow pattern. Es...
Many German cities, municipalities and transport associations are expanding their bike-sharing systems (BSS) to offer citizens a cost-effective and climate-friendly means of transport and an alternative to private motorized transport (PMT). However,...
With the aim of mitigating the damage caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is important to use models that allow forecasting possible new infections accurately in order to face the pandemic in specific sociocultural contexts...
The smart cities paradigm has gained significant attention as a tool to address the multifaceted challenges posed by contemporary urban mobility systems. While cities are eager to integrate cutting-edge technologies to evolve into digital and intelli...
A growing body of empirical literature—both on the micro and macro scale—is devoted to exploring the existence of hysteresis—or at least persistence—in self-employment, i.e., whether policy, economic or external shocks have tr...
Predicting building energy consumption is an essential part of demand-side management since it enables cost-effective building operation under limited resources. Recent prediction models have adopted deep learning networks due to their high capabilit...
Detecting causal interrelationships in multivariate systems, in terms of the Granger-causality concept, is of major interest for applications in many fields. Analyzing all the relevant components of a system is almost impossible, which contrasts with...
This paper explores how financial development and income inequality interact across different country income groups and what this means for business environments and market participation in both emerging and advanced economies. Using an Unobserved Co...
8 February 2020
Most urban areas of the Po basin in the North of Italy are persistently affected by poor air quality and difficulty in disposing of airborne pollutants. In this context, the municipality of Milan started a multi-year progressive policy based on an ex...
Reconciling economic growth with environmental sustainability and energy security is a defining challenge for resource-constrained emerging economies. This study examines whether Jordan follows the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and the Energy Kuz...
The optimal investment problem for defined contribution (DC) pension plans with partial information is the subject of this paper. The purpose of the return of premium clauses is to safeguard the rights of DC pension plan participants who pass away du...
A new fractionation protocol for wheat straw organosolv lignin was developed on the basis of the dominating H-bonding orientations of its components. Acetone as H-bond accepting aprotic polar solvent and methanol as H-bond donating and accepting prot...
The aim of this paper is the imputation of missing data of COVID-19 hospitalized and intensive care curves in several Spanish regions. Taking into account that the curves of cases, deceases and recovered people are completely observed, a function-on-...
This paper examines whether randomized evaluations can fail to identify causal effects when outcomes include interactions between treatment and unobserved characteristics. We show that even under random assignment, standard regression estimators do n...
This research analyzes the income gap between self-employed workers in Quito and Guayaquil, Ecuador’s two largest urban labor markets. Using 2025 National Survey of Employment, Unemployment, and Underemployment (ENEMDU) data for 23,215 self-emp...
Full-field displacement perception and digital twins for core components play a crucial role in the precision manufacturing industry, such as aviation manufacturing. This paper presents a real-time full-field displacement perception method for the co...
This paper explores the pace and direction of technological development by using a technology upgrade conceptual and measurement framework. This approach is applied to a sample of 164 economies worldwide between 2002 and 2019. Within the framework of...
Knowing the dynamics of spatial–temporal precipitation distribution is of vital significance for the management of water resources, in highlight, in the northeast region of Brazil (NEB). Several models of large-scale precipitation variability a...
In this paper, a structural time series model is estimated to analyse the effect of quantitative easing (QE) on stock prices for the US, UK and Japan. The model is estimated by maximum likelihood in a time-varying parametric framework, using the DJIA...
This paper introduces a shared gamma frailty Birnbaum–Saunders model for clustered lifetime data under progressive Type-II censoring. The frailty term acts on the scale parameter and accounts for unobserved variation among clusters. Likelihood-...
One of the key components of counterparty credit risk (CCR) measurement is generating scenarios for the evolution of the underlying risk factors, such as interest and exchange rates, equity and commodity prices, and credit spreads. Geometric Brownian...
Portfolios incorporating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria present distinct, unobserved risks, the empirical quantification of which has proven challenging. This difficulty stems from sustainable investment strategies being guided...
Based on the conceptual basis of information theory, we propose a novel mutual information measure—‘path-based mutual information’. This information measure results from the representation of a set of random variables as a probabili...
Health status monitoring is critical for rotating systems to maintain safety and reliability. However, it is hard to track the health status hidden in unobservable parameters. Therefore, to address the issue of hidden-parameter estimation caused by t...
Satellite-based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is widely used to monitor ground deformation over large areas. However, each InSAR observation measures only the scalar projection of the three-dimensional displacement vector onto the...
To save time and cost for a parameter inference, the type-II hybrid censoring scheme has been broadly applied to collect one-component samples. In the current study, one of the essential parameters for comparing two distributions, that is, the stress...
Cold dark-matter, as a solution to the so-called dark-matter problem, suffers from a major internal conflict: In order to dodge direct detection for so long, it must have an unobservably small (non gravitational) interaction with mundane matter, and...
Fiscal uncertainties can sometimes affect national continuous forest monitoring efforts. One solution of interest is to lengthen the time it takes to collect a “full set” of plot data from five to 10 years in order to reduce costs. Here, we investiga...
This paper analyzes factors affecting school absenteeism due to an injury or illness among the US school student population between 6 and 15 years of age. The number of missed school days displays overdispersion and is modeled using the Finite Mixtur...
Reliable onboard state estimation plays an important role in autonomous lunar surface mobility, given the lack of conventional global navigation satellite system (GNSS) coverage and the challenges of variable illumination and terrain texture. This re...
The original Hyperspectral image (HSI) has different degrees of Hughes phenomenon and mixed noise, leading to the decline of classification accuracy. To make full use of the spatial-spectral joint information of HSI and improve the classification acc...
This article provides symbolic analysis tools for specifying spatial econometric models. It firstly considers testing spatial dependence in the presence of potential leading deterministic spatial components (similar to time-series tests for unit root...
This study examined the mediating role of corporate social responsibility practices and the nexus between the operational excellence of competitive strategies, and performance, for Islamic banks operating in Pakistan. Particularly, two competitive st...
Prescriptive analytics uses predictions to recommend decisions, but its superiority over the current approach is commonly evaluated on historical data in which only the cost of the implemented decision is observed. When a prescribed decision differs...
Conventional approaches to the study of the ocean separate anthropogenic and environmental features into datasets and areas of focus with their own specialist disciplines. Studied in isolation, those records cannot show the relational assemblage in w...
This study analyses the association between firms’ sustainability and economic performance in Europe, considering the channels of margin and turnover. The sample is composed of firms listed in the STOXX Europe 600 Index from 2012 to 2020. The sustain...
Trilobatin was identified as the primary bioactive component in the Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd (LPR) leaves. This study explored the antiobesity effect of trilobatin from LPR leaves and its influence on gut microbiota in obese rats. Results showed...
In the least developed countries, the informal sector faces great challenges in accessing healthcare services since most people are not mainstreamed. This has prompted the formation of groups as a way of empowerment. The objective of this study was t...
Ecosystems provide substantial economic benefits that are often excluded from agricultural decision-making. We provide a method to value the service of pollination by nectar-feeding bats (Leptonycteris spp.) for the cultivation of agaves in Jalisco,...
Knowledge graphs (KGs) organize relational facts in a form that supports machine reasoning across many domains. In decentralized Internet of Things (IoT) environments, such graphs can describe interactions among distributed devices and services. Howe...
Life course events can change household travel demand dramatically. Recent studies of car ownership have examined the impacts of life course events on the purchasing, replacing, and disposing of cars. However, with the increasing diversification of m...
Despite remarkable progress in the fight against poverty during the past few decades, the proportion of the poor living in developing countries is still on the high side. Many countries have promoted integration as an important development strategy;...
Seed microbiome includes special endophytic or epiphytic microbial taxa associated with seeds, which affects seed germination, plant growth, and health. Here, we analyzed the core microbiome of 21 Salvia miltiorrhiza seeds from seven different geogra...
The purpose of this study was to determine how political instability influences inbound tourist flows in Ukrainian cities, performance of tourism-related businesses, and tourism-based profits in general. This study allows us to present the impact of...
Default probability is a fundamental variable determining the credit worthiness of a firm and equity volatility estimation plays a key role in its evaluation. Assuming a structural credit risk modeling approach, we study the impact of choosing differ...
Robust quadruped locomotion in real-world environments remains challenging because external disturbances, sensor noise, and model uncertainties are coupled with intermittent foot–ground contact. Reinforcement learning has shown strong capabilit...
This study investigates the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) ratings and firm financial performance across a comprehensive global sample of over 10,000 companies from more than 80 countries observed in 2015–2022....
MUC2 mucin, the primary gel-forming component of intestinal mucus, is well researched and a model of polymerisation and post-secretory organisation has been published previously. Recently, several significant developments have been made which either...
Economic model predictive control (MPC) of induction motor drives selects the flux from a loss model that usually omits saturation, additional load loss, the core-loss increment under pulse-width modulation, and the junction-temperature dependence of...
The incipient damages of mechanical equipment excite weak impulse vibration, which is hidden, almost unobservable, in the collected signal, making fault detection and failure prevention at the inchoate stage rather challenging. Traditional feature ex...
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