The increasing global demand for petroleum oils has led to a significant increase in their cost and has led to the search for renewable alternative waste resources for biodiesel synthesis and production using novel environmentally sound and acceptabl...
The production of biodiesel using zeolite catalysts from geothermal solid waste has been studied. This study aims to make zeolite catalysts as catalysts in biodiesel production, assessing the effect of catalyst concentration, and temperature in the e...
The current study aimed to investigate the potentiality of yeast isolate Rhodotorula toruloides Y1124 to be used as a feedstock for biodiesel production, and the reutilization of the de-oiled yeast biomass wastes as a biosorbent for the biosorption o...
Process optimisation and reaction kinetic model development were carried out for two-stage esterification-transesterification reactions of waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel. This study focused on these traditional processes due to their techno-econom...
In current times, the diminishing reserves of petroleum, increased energy consumption across various sectors, and their consequential environmental impact have become apparent. Consequently, it is necessary to develop sustainable and eco-friendly ene...
This research studied the synthesis of green and novel catalysts from waste materials for biodiesel production. An activated carbon (AC) material from palm seed cake (PSC) was soaked with zine chloride (ZnCl2) and treated with sulfonic acid (SO3H). T...
In response to existing global focus on improved biodiesel production methods via highly efficient catalyst-free high temperature and high pressure technologies, this study considered the comparative study of catalyst-free technologies for biodiesel...
In this study, ultrasound was used to accelerate two-stage (esterification–transesterification) catalytic synthesis of biodiesel from used cooking oil, which originally had a high acid value (4.35 mg KOH/g). In the first stage, acid-catalyzed esterif...
Optimizing the process parameters of biodiesel production is the key to maximizing biodiesel yields. In this study, artificial neural network models integrated with ant colony optimization were developed to optimize the parameters of the two-step Cer...
Bifunctional solid catalysts facilitate the esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) into alkyl esters alongside the transesterification reaction, which allows for the use of waste vegetable oils with high water and FFA contents for biodiesel product...
The reduction of high acid value (AV) of inedible jatropha oil (JO) by esterification with isopropanol (IPA), which is a common alcohol solvent waste in Taiwan’s high-tech industry, was studied. The decrease of AV is beneficial for the subseque...
The limitation of fossil fuel sources and negative environmental impact persuade scientists around the world to find a solution. One possible solution is by using renewable fuel to replace fossil fuel with an inexpensive, fast, and effective producti...
The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and their environmental impact have driven the search for sustainable energy alternatives. Biodiesel has emerged as a promising substitute. Being a major byproduct of the coffee industry, spent coffee grounds (SC...
Biodiesel, a potent replacement for petroleum diesel, is derived from fatty acids in biomass through transesterification, which is renewable, non-toxic, and biodegradable and is a powerful replacement for petroleum diesel. Lewis acid has been proven...
Waste resources are an attractive option for economical the production of biodiesel; however, oil derived from waste resource contains free fatty acids (FFA). The concentration of FFAs must be reduced to below 1 wt.% before it can be converted to bio...
The depletion of fossil fuel resources and increasing environmental pollution led to a trend for using alternative, clean, green, and sustainable fuel and energy resources. To attain this aim, using biomass as an alternative resource for diesel produ...
The primary objective of this work was to investigate the thermal and rheological properties of crude tall oil (CTO), a low-cost by-product from the Kraft pulping process, as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. Adequate knowledge of CTO p...
Fatty acid esterification with alcohols is a crucial step in biodiesel synthesis. Biodiesel consists of long-chain alkyl esters that derive from the transesterification or hydro-esterification of the triglycerides that are contained in vegetable oils...
The production of biodiesel via simultaneous esterification and transesterification reactions of residual fats such as palm oleins, with variable TG and FFA composition, using methanol and methane sulfonic acid (MSA) or an acid carbon-based structure...
In recent years, the beauty leaf plant (Calophyllum Inophyllum) is being considered as a potential 2nd generation biodiesel source due to high seed oil content, high fruit production rate, simple cultivation and ability to grow in a wide range of cli...
This study focuses on the development of a novel two-stage (esterification–transesterification) synthesis of biodiesel from used cooking oil (UCO) using ion exchange resins as catalysts. Esterification of the UCO has been conducted using variou...
The increasing demand for fossil fuels has led the oil industry to explore biodiesel as a renewable alternative, which is crucial for advancing planetary health. Biodiesel offers environmental benefits and shares similar properties with petroleum die...
Biodiesel is a non-toxic and environmentally friendly fuel that is made from renewable biological sources. It can replace petrochemical diesel and has very broad application prospects. However, the main raw materials in biodiesel are animal and plant...
The microwave (MW)-assisted direct esterification of phenyl-H-phosphinic acid, transesterification of the alkyl phenyl-H-phosphinates so obtained, and the similar reaction of dibenzyl phosphite (DBP) were investigated in detail, and the batch accompl...
This study investigated the optimal reaction conditions for biodiesel production from soursop (Annona muricata) seeds. A high oil yield of 29.6% (w/w) could be obtained from soursop seeds. Oil extracted from soursop seeds was then converted into biod...
Heterogeneous catalyst prepared from Ailanthus altissima oil cake along with cadmium sulphide catalyst proved to be an efficient, cost-effective and sustainable source of biodiesel synthesis from Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) seed oil. Ailanthus altiss...
A new protocol for biodiesel production is proposed, based on a binary ZnO/TBAI (TBAI = tetrabutylammonium iodide) catalytic system. Zinc oxide acts as a heterogeneous, bifunctional Lewis acid/base catalyst, while TBAI plays the role of phase transfe...
The main applications of ionic liquids in chemistry and material research on one of the most important natural polymers—starch—are presented in this review. A brief characterization of ionic liquids and the advantages and disadvantages of using them...
The crude glycerol produced as a byproduct of transesterification synthesis has very few applications because it comprises of significant amounts of methanol, catalyst, and soap. On the other hand, transesterifications of highly acidic oil in the pre...
Environmental and economic concerns due to the increasing use of fossil-based chemicals, especially fuel, may be alleviated by production of renewable fuels based on plant biomass, in particular, waste. Multistep cascades of enzymatic reactions are b...
The transesterification of cellulose with vinyl esters in ionic liquid media is suggested as a prospective environmentally friendly alternative to conventional esterification. In this study, various long-chain cellulose esters (laurate, myristate, pa...
Despite being a limited and scarce resource, the necessity and exploitation of fossil fuels are unstoppable in serving human demands. In order to supply energy demand without causing environmental damage, it is crucial to utilize a variety of renewab...
Replacing fossil fuels with biodiesel enables the emission of greenhouse gases to be decreased and reduces dependence on fossil fuels in countries with poor natural resources. Biodiesel can be produced by an esterification reaction between free fatty...
Ethyl ester production from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) with ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide was performed in a continuous three-step process using the ultrasound clamps and an ultrasonic probe. The ultimate goa...
Biodiesel is a non-toxic, drop-in liquid transportation fuel that is amenable to continuous production from sustainable biomass resources using catalytic technologies. A diverse range of catalysts and reactor technologies have been experimentally inv...
As part of the research directed at establishing the composition of the main products present in Ozoile®, a study of the ozonolysis of the oleic acid methyl ester as well as triolein was undertaken. Starting from oleic acid methyl ester, all six...
Biodiesel is a promising alternative to fossil fuels and mainly produced from oils/fat through the (trans)esterification process. To enhance the reaction efficiency and simplify the production process, various catalysts have been introduced for biodi...
Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CAL-B) is largely employed as a biocatalyst for hydrolysis, esterification, and transesterification reactions. CAL-B is a good model enzyme to study factors affecting the enzymatic structure, activity and/or stabilit...
Calcium-rich biological wastes offer potential low-cost precursors for heterogeneous catalysts used in biodiesel processing. This study prepared a CaO-rich catalyst from snail shell, eggshell and periwinkle shell wastes and applied it to the transest...
Oleochemicals, which are obtained from vegetable and animal fats and oils, have become indispensable in the food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and biofuel industries. Traditionally, they are synthesized using chemical catalysts, a process that is often...
Biodiesel from waste frying oil was produced via methanolysis using biochar-based catalysts prepared by carbonizing banana peels (350 °C and 400 °C) mixed with 20% (wt.) of alkali carbonates (Na, Li, or K). The catalysts exhibited a bi-functi...
La-exchanged 12-tungstophosphoric acid (LaxTPA) and 12-molybdophosphoric acid (LaxMPA) salts (x = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00) were prepared via an ion exchange method. The physico-chemical characteristics of the materials were analyzed by using elemen...
5-Acetoxymethyl-2-furfural (AMF) was prepared from D-fructose via 1,6-diacetylfructose (DAF) through a simple two-step reaction pathway. Immobilized enzyme (Novozym 435) was found to be the best enzymatic catalyst for the trans-esterification step (y...
As fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution become increasingly severe, biodiesel has emerged as a promising renewable alternative to conventional diesel due to its biodegradability, low sulfur emissions, and high combustion efficiency. This...
In the polymerization of caprolactam, the stoichiometry of carboxyl groups and amine groups in the process of melt polycondensation needs to be balanced, which greatly limits the copolymerization modification of polyamide 6. In this paper, by combini...
Background/Objectives: Fatty acids, the building blocks of lipids, contribute to numerous crucial life processes and are implicated in numerous disease pathologies. Circulating fatty acids can be extracted/trans-esterified to their respective methyl...
The production of biodiesel from low-cost raw materials which generally contain high amounts of free fatty acids (FFAs) is a valuable alternative that would make their production costs more competitive than petroleum-derived fuel. Currently, the prod...
Microstructured reactors offer fast chemical engineering transfer and precise microfluidic control, enabling the determination of reactions’ kinetic parameters. This review examines recent advancements in measuring microreaction kinetics. It ex...
Glycerol is a major by-product in biodiesel manufacturing, which accounts for around 10% of the biodiesel volume. A surplus of glycerol has led to the development of technologies for production of value-added products using glycerol as a raw material...
With the increasing consumption of coffee beverages, an increased amount of food waste—spent coffee grounds (SCG)—is generated and disposed into landfills or combusted in incinerators. SCG are characterized as a highly polluting substance...
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