To address the thermal bottlenecks in high-power-density liquid-cooled IGBT modules, a synergistic optimization method integrating thermal-bottleneck mitigation and thermal-shortcut enhancement is proposed. The thermal conductivity and thickness of t...
To address the challenge of quantitatively identifying thermal-resistance contributions from multi-layer packaging structures within liquid-cooled insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules, this study establishes a three-dimensional conjugate...
To address the challenge of achieving a balanced match between internal thermal resistance bottlenecks and enhanced external heat dissipation in high-power-density liquid-cooled IGBT modules, this paper establishes a three-dimensional conjugate heat...
A defect-rich nucleation layer near the substrate is widely regarded as a key thermal bottleneck in thick polycrystalline diamond films. Here, we quantitatively evaluate this effect by progressively removing the nucleation layer via depth-controlled...
As micro–nano power devices have evolved towards high frequency, high voltage, and a high level of integration, the issue of thermal resistance at heterointerfaces has become increasingly prominent, posing a key bottleneck that limits device pe...
The power density of modern high-power integrated processors keeps rising rapidly. Among them, chiplet-based high-power AI accelerators exhibit local peak heat flux exceeding 1 kW/cm2, which leads to concentrated hotspots, severe internal temperature...
With the development of science and technology, heat dissipation has become a bottleneck problem restricting the development of fields such as transportation, machinery, electronics, and aerospace. Aiming to resolve the bottleneck problem of low ther...
With the accelerating urbanization process in China, the extensive economic growth model with high energy consumption and high pollution aggravates atmospheric environmental pollution and restricts the sustainable development of the social economy. T...
Self-powered broadband photodetectors face severe thermal degradation limits at high excitation powers due to the parasitic heat generated by upconversion nanoparticles (UPC). To overcome this thermal bottleneck, we propose a monolithic UPC/FTO/TiO2/...
Thermal insulating composites are indispensable in electronic applications; however, their poor thermal conductivity and flexibility have become bottlenecks for improving device operations. Hexagonal boron nitride (BN) has excellent thermal conductiv...
Porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) are an auspicious class of materials that allow for the introduction of sulfonic acid groups at the aromatic core units by post-synthetic modification. This makes PAFs promising for proton-exchange materials. However...
The rapid global transition toward electric vehicles (EVs) demands lithium-ion battery (LIB) systems that ensure both extreme performance and uncompromising safety. However, the inherent thermal asymmetry within battery packs—driven by non-unif...
Heavy oil constitutes a vital unconventional energy resource for securing global oil supplies, yet prominent discrepancies exist between onshore and offshore heavy-oil exploitation conditions. As widely documented in global field practices, steam flo...
Thermoelectric materials have been expected as a critical underlying technology for developing an autonomous power generation system driven at near room temperature. For this sake, Fe3Al2Si3 intermetallic compound is a promising candidate, though its...
Since the thermal reliability issues of terahertz traveling wave tubes (THz TWTs) severely limit their power capacity, we propose a thermal analysis and optimization process for THz TWTs in this paper. The measurement results from the accessible test...
Emerging organic pollutants (EOPs), including endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), constitute a problem in the environmental field as they are difficult t...
Heat sinks are vital components that dissipate thermal energy from high temperature systems, such as aero-space vehicles, electronic chips, and turbine engines. In the last few decades, considerable research efforts have been devoted to heat sinks to...
As electronic devices advance toward higher power density, heat dissipation has emerged as a critical bottleneck limiting their reliability. Graphene oxide (GO)/epoxy resin (EP) composites, combining high-thermal-conductivity potential with polymer-m...
The design of aircraft electrical wiring interconnection systems (EWISs) is central to ensuring the safe and reliable operation of aircraft. The calculation of the temperature rise characteristics of aircraft wire harnesses is one of the key technolo...
As one of the most promising thermal management solutions, spray cooling has the advantages of high heat-transfer coefficient and maintaining a low temperature of the cooling surface. By summarizing the influential factors and practical applications...
Thermal error remains a primary bottleneck restricting the machining accuracy of precision CNC machine tools. As a proactive, source-level countermeasure, thermal design has become increasingly critical for achieving the accuracy targets required by...
A series of mononuclear Co(II) complexes showing slow magnetic relaxation is assessed from the point of view of relaxation mechanisms. In certain cases, the reciprocating thermal behavior is detected: On cooling, the slow relaxation time is prolonged...
Diamond is an attractive substrate candidate for GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMT) to enhance heat dissipation due to its exceptional thermal conductivity. However, the thermal boundary resistance (TBR) at the GaN–diamond interface...
The thermal catalytic conversion of biomass is currently a prevalent method for producing activated carbon with superb textural properties and excellent adsorption performance. However, activated carbon suffers severely from its poor thermal stabilit...
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have generated extensive enthusiasm in scientific research on and applications of lasers. However, thermal resistance has seriously limited the performance of such devices for a long time, especially i...
Polymeric thin films offer a wide range of exciting properties and applications, with several advantages compared to inorganic counterparts. The thermal conductivity of such thin films ranges typically between 0.1–1 W m
Effective braking in high-speed trains is one of the major bottlenecks in expediting the technology and possibilities to improve speed. Although substantial progress has been made to increase operating speed, perhaps, thermal fatigue cracking in brak...
Due to their ability to produce isomaltulose, sucrose isomerases are enzymes that have caught the attention of researchers and entrepreneurs since the 1950s. However, their low activity and stability at temperatures above 40 °C have been a bottle...
Rotary Steerable System (RSS) enhances directional drilling efficiency by over 300% via dynamic bit adjustment during string rotation. This study aims to systematically address these bottlenecks, quantify technical boundaries, and propose actionable...
Perovskite solar cells have achieved photo-conversion efficiencies greater than 20%, making them a promising candidate as an emerging solar cell technology. While perovskite solar cells are expected to eventually compete with existing silicon-based s...
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has significantly increased the demand for high-performance computational hardware. Memristor-based compute-in-memory (CIM) technology, also known as resistive random-access memory (R...
The performance of potassium sodium niobate ((K, Na) NbO3, KNN)-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics has significantly improved over the past decade. However, the performance bottlenecks of KNN-based ceramics cannot be ignored. Here, the Nb2O5 prec...
Wide-bandgap gallium nitride (GaN)-based semiconductors offer significant advantages over traditional Si-based semiconductors in terms of high-power and high-frequency operations. As it has superior properties, such as high operating temperatures, hi...
SiO2 aerogels are promising candidates for energy-efficient glazing because of their low thermal conductivity and optical transparency; however, conventional formulations often fail to reconcile optical, thermal, and mechanical performance. This work...
Phase change materials (PCMs), which can absorb and release large amounts of latent heat during phase change, have been extensively studied for heat storage and thermal management. However, technical bottlenecks regarding low thermal conductivity and...
Motor temperature prediction is critical for ensuring the reliability and safe operation of high-power-density electric drives. Since direct measurement of internal temperatures, especially rotor and magnet temperatures, is often impractical, virtual...
Pyroelectric nanogenerators (PyNGs) have attracted extensive attention for converting thermal energy into electricity, yet their low output power remains a critical bottleneck hindering practical use. This review summarizes various pyroelectric mater...
Phase change memory (PCM), due to the advantages in capacity and endurance, has the opportunity to become the next generation of general−purpose memory. However, operation speed and data retention are still bottlenecks for PCM development. The...
Thermal runaway (TR) remains a critical bottleneck for the safe application of lithium-ion battery (LIB) in large-scale energy storage systems, arising from the instability of battery materials under high temperatures. This review systematically summ...
Thermal management in deep-space environments remains a critical bottleneck for miniaturized energy systems due to the inherent absence of convective heat transfer. This study investigates the thermo-electrochemical coupling of a miniaturized Proton...
Postharvest losses (PHLs) present a critical bottleneck to global food security, with fresh fruit losses reaching 23–40% due to rapid physiological deterioration, mechanical stress, and microbial decay. This review evaluates the metabolic casca...
Using thermal storage materials with excellent thermal properties in the energy utilization system enables efficient use of renewable energy sources. Organic phase change materials (PCMs) have the advantages of high heat storage density, no corrosion...
Addressing the challenge of coordinated dispatch between wind/solar and thermal power in new energy grids, this research proposes a thermal power unit output prediction method based on a Transformer-BiLSTM hybrid deep learning model. First, a simulat...
Reusable launch vehicles (RLVs) subject avionics electronics to repeated vibration, shock, and thermal cycling, yet no standardized method exists to evaluate reusability at the device level. We integrate physics-of-failure models—Steinberg vibr...
The significant heat generated during the refueling of hydrogen pressure tanks may exceed the permissible 85 °C temperature limit for type IV tanks. Common countermeasures such as hydrogen pre-cooling or long filling times are energy- and time-co...
Amidst the background of accelerated global energy transition, the safety risk of lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, especially the fire hazard, has become a key bottleneck hindering their large-scale application, and there is an urgent need...
Pulse detonation engines (PDEs) have become a transformative technology in the field of aerospace propulsion due to the high thermal efficiency of detonation combustion. However, initiating detonation waves within a limited space and time is key to t...
New technological and packaging solutions are more and more being employed for power semiconductor switches in an automotive environment, especially the SiC- and GaN-based ones. In this framework, new front-end and back-end solutions have been develo...
As semiconductor devices approach the sub-10 nm technology node, the self-heating effect (SHE) induced by confined geometries (e.g., FinFETs and nanosheet FETs) has emerged as a critical bottleneck affecting both performance and reliability. This cha...
Anaerobic digesters operating under neotropical conditions face significant technological constraints. High humidity, intense solar radiation, and pronounced diurnal temperature variations increase conductive, convective, and radiative heat losses. T...
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