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Magnetic Interactions and Anisotropy in Co(II) and Ni(II) Cubane {M4O4} Complexes: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
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Slow Relaxation of Magnetization and Magnetocaloric Effects in Oxamato-Based Ln(III) Coordination Polymers
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Magnetic Relaxation in a Heterolanthanide Binuclear Complex Involving a Nitronyl Nitroxide Biradical
Journal Description
Magnetochemistry
Magnetochemistry
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on all areas of magnetism and magnetic materials published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Inspec, CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Chemistry, Inorganic and Nuclear) / CiteScore - Q2 (Chemistry (miscellaneous))
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 15.8 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.9 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
2.6 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.7 (2023)
Latest Articles
Development of NiZn Ferrites Doped with Co for Low Power Losses at High Frequencies (10 MHz) and High Temperatures (>80 °C)
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(5), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11050044 - 17 May 2025
Abstract
Polycrystalline nickel–zinc (NiZn) ferrites are widely used in high-frequency applications due to their excellent magnetic properties such as low power losses, high magnetic permeability, and adequate saturation induction. However, data on their power loss behavior at 10 MHz, particularly at elevated temperatures, remain
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Polycrystalline nickel–zinc (NiZn) ferrites are widely used in high-frequency applications due to their excellent magnetic properties such as low power losses, high magnetic permeability, and adequate saturation induction. However, data on their power loss behavior at 10 MHz, particularly at elevated temperatures, remain limited in the literature. This study investigates the magnetic performance of Co-doped NiZn ferrites at 10 MHz, under varying induction fields (3–10 mT) and temperatures (20–120 °C), with a focus on reducing high-temperature losses. Ferrite samples were synthesized using the conventional mixed oxide method and systematically varied in composition (Fe, Co content and Ni/Zn molar ratio). Key findings reveal that the incorporation of cobalt significantly enhances high-temperature performance by shifting resonance frequencies, attributed to increased domain wall pinning. Samples with optimized compositions and processing demonstrated power losses at 10 MHz, 10 mT and 25 °C, 100 °C and 120 °C as low as 310 mW cm−3, 1233 mW cm−3 and 1400 mW cm−3, respectively, with relative initial permeabilities exceeding 80 at these temperatures. These results provide insights into the design of high-frequency magnetic components and highlight strategies to minimize high-temperature losses.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Applications of Advanced Magnetic Ceramic Materials: New Insights)
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ESR and Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Iron(III) Spin Crossover Complexes Based on Pentadentate Schiff Base Ligands with Pseudohalide Coligands
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Rene Lucka, Besnik Elshani, Maximilian Seydi Kilic, Stephen Klimke, Christoph Krüger, Michael Menzel, Reinhard Stößer, Ján Titiš, Roman Boča and Franz Renz
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(5), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11050043 - 10 May 2025
Abstract
Two iron(III) spin crossover complexes [Fe(5Cl-L)(NCS)] (1) and [Fe(5Cl-L)(NCSe)] (2) were synthesized with the pentadentate Schiff base ligand 5Cl-L and thiocyanato and selenocyanato as coligands. 5Cl-L, as an asymmetric {N3O2
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Two iron(III) spin crossover complexes [Fe(5Cl-L)(NCS)] (1) and [Fe(5Cl-L)(NCSe)] (2) were synthesized with the pentadentate Schiff base ligand 5Cl-L and thiocyanato and selenocyanato as coligands. 5Cl-L, as an asymmetric {N3O2} donor Schiff base, was synthesized by a condensation reaction of 5-chlorosalicyladehyde using the asymmetric N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine. The complexes exhibited a spin crossover at 280 (1) and 293 K (2), respectively, and were subjected to electron spin resonance (ESR) and Mössbauer spectroscopy at 77, 295 and 325 K. Ab initio CASSCF calculations followed by the NEVPT2 method were applied for predicting the g-tensor components as well as Mössbauer parameters.
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(This article belongs to the Section Spin Crossover and Spintronics)
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The Magnetic Properties and Band-Gap Energy of CuFeO2—Bulk Materials and Nanoparticles—Doped with Mn, Sc, Mg at the Fe Site, and Li, Ca at the Cu Site
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Angel T. Apostolov, Iliana N. Apostolova and Julia M. Wesselinowa
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(5), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11050042 - 10 May 2025
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We have investigated for the first time the temperature, size, and ion-doping concentration dependence of the magnetic properties, band-gap energy, and specific heat of CuFeO2 in both bulk materials and nanoparticles using a microscopic model (the s-d model) and Green’s function theory.
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We have investigated for the first time the temperature, size, and ion-doping concentration dependence of the magnetic properties, band-gap energy, and specific heat of CuFeO2 in both bulk materials and nanoparticles using a microscopic model (the s-d model) and Green’s function theory. Variations in the ionic radii of the dopant elements compared to those of the host ions introduce strain effects, which alter the exchange-interaction constants. Consequently, the influence of ion doping on the various properties of CuFeO2 nanoparticles has been elucidated at a microscopic level. The magnetization exhibits an increase when CuFeO2 is doped with Mn at the Fe site or Li and Ca at the Cu site, whereas doping with Sc or Mg at the Fe site leads to a decrease in magnetization. Regarding the band-gap energy, it increases upon doping with Mg and Sc at the Fe site, while doping with Mn at the Fe site or with Li and Ca at the Cu site results in a decrease. The temperature dependence of the specific heat reveals two distinct peaks, corresponding to the two magnetic phase-transition temperatures. The theoretical results show good qualitative agreement with experimental data, confirming the validity of the proposed model.
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Open AccessArticle
Multifunctional Synergistic Response Induced by Phase Transition in Molecular Compounds
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Xiao-Feng Chen, Tao Wang, Dan Liao, Nan Wu, Yan Peng, Shi-Yong Zhang and Zhao-Bo Hu
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(5), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11050041 - 9 May 2025
Abstract
Two organic–inorganic materials (TMAA)2[CoCl4] (1) and (TMAA)2[MnCl4] (2) (TMAA = N,N,N-trimethyl-1-adamantylammonium hydroxide) were synthesized and characterized. It was found that both compounds exhibit first-order structural phase transition at high-temperature regions. As
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Two organic–inorganic materials (TMAA)2[CoCl4] (1) and (TMAA)2[MnCl4] (2) (TMAA = N,N,N-trimethyl-1-adamantylammonium hydroxide) were synthesized and characterized. It was found that both compounds exhibit first-order structural phase transition at high-temperature regions. As the temperature approaches the phase transition point, significant abnormal changes were observed in the dielectric properties and χMT values of compounds 1 and 2. This phenomenon strongly highlights the dielectric bistable and spin bistable properties of compounds 1 and 2. Further research shows that the dielectric constants of the compounds undergo significant changes upon the application of an external magnetic field, providing strong evidence for the existence of magnetic–dielectric coupling effects within compounds 1 and 2.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Magnetism: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Dai-Zheng Liao on the Occasion of His 85th Birthday)
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Design of Ricker Wavelet Neural Networks for Heat and Mass Transport in Magnetohydrodynamic Williamson Nanofluid Boundary-Layer Porous Medium Flow with Multiple Slips
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Zeeshan Ikram Butt, Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja, Iftikhar Ahmad, Muhammad Shoaib, Rajesh Kumar and Syed Ibrar Hussain
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(5), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11050040 - 9 May 2025
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In the current paper, an analysis of magnetohydrodynamic Williamson nanofluid boundary layer flow is presented, with multiple slips in a porous medium, using a newly designed human-brain-inspired Ricker wavelet neural network solver. The solver employs a hybrid approach that combines genetic algorithms, serving
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In the current paper, an analysis of magnetohydrodynamic Williamson nanofluid boundary layer flow is presented, with multiple slips in a porous medium, using a newly designed human-brain-inspired Ricker wavelet neural network solver. The solver employs a hybrid approach that combines genetic algorithms, serving as a global search method, with sequential quadratic programming, which functions as a local optimization technique. The heat and mass transportation effects are examined through a stretchable surface with radiation, thermal, and velocity slip effects. The primary flow equations, originally expressed as partial differential equations (PDEs), are changed into a dimensionless nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via similarity transformations. These ODEs are then numerically solved with the proposed computational approach. The current study has significant applications in a variety of practical engineering and industrial scenarios, including thermal energy systems, biomedical cooling devices, and enhanced oil recovery techniques, where the control and optimization of heat and mass transport in complex fluid environments are essential. The numerical outcomes gathered through the designed scheme are compared with reference results acquired through Adam’s numerical method in terms of graphs and tables of absolute errors. The rapid convergence, effectiveness, and stability of the suggested solver are analyzed using various statistical and performance operators.
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Rhenium-Induced Negative Magnetoresistance in Monolayer Graphene
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Ying Zhang, Jiali You, Weiwei Li, Zijie Huang, Yuxiang Feng, Yuyu Liu and Jing Li
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(5), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11050039 - 6 May 2025
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The impact of rhenium doping on the transport properties and electron localization in monolayer graphene was experimentally investigated. In this study, we report the emergence of unsaturated negative magnetoresistance in Re-doped graphene devices, which is observed exclusively at low temperatures. Moreover, angle-dependent measurements
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The impact of rhenium doping on the transport properties and electron localization in monolayer graphene was experimentally investigated. In this study, we report the emergence of unsaturated negative magnetoresistance in Re-doped graphene devices, which is observed exclusively at low temperatures. Moreover, angle-dependent measurements reveal a pronounced anisotropy in the negative magnetoresistance. This phenomenon is attributed to the disorder and localized magnetic moments introduced by Re doping, which lead to charge carrier localization and are accompanied by substantial magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy.
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Open AccessArticle
Synthesis, X-Ray Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of a Series of Trinuclear Rare-Earth Hepta-Chloride Clusters
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Yingying Pan, You-Song Ding, Lei Li and Zhiping Zheng
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(5), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11050038 - 2 May 2025
Abstract
Organometallic rare-earth complexes have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their unique structures and exceptional magnetic properties. In this study, we report the synthesis and magnetic characteristics of a family of monopentamethylcyclopentadienyl-coordinated trinuclear rare-earth hepta-chloride clusters [(Li(THF)(Et2O))(Cp*RE)
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Organometallic rare-earth complexes have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their unique structures and exceptional magnetic properties. In this study, we report the synthesis and magnetic characteristics of a family of monopentamethylcyclopentadienyl-coordinated trinuclear rare-earth hepta-chloride clusters [(Li(THF)(Et2O))(Cp*RE)3(μ-Cl)4(μ3-Cl)2(μ4-Cl)] (RE3: RE =Y, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu; Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienide). These clusters were synthesized by reacting LiCp* with RECl3 in a 1:1 molar ratio within a mixed solvent system (THF: Et2O = 1:9), resulting in high solubility in common organic solvents such as DCM, THF, and Et2O. Magnetic studies conducted on these paramagnetic clusters reveal the coexistence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic superexchange interactions in Gd3. Additionally, Dy3 exhibits both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic intramolecular dipolar interactions. Notably, slow magnetic relaxation was observed in Dy3 below 23 K under a zero DC applied field with an energy barrier of 125(6) cm−1.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Magnetism: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Dai-Zheng Liao on the Occasion of His 85th Birthday)
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Case Study on Homogeneous–Heterogeneous Chemical Reactions in a Magneto Hydrodynamics Darcy–Forchheimer Model with Bioconvection in Inclined Channels
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Subhan Ullah, Walid Emam, Zeeshan Ali, Dolat Khan, Dragan Pamucar and Zareen A. Khan
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(5), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11050037 - 2 May 2025
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This study focuses on understanding the bioconvection in Jeffery–Hamel (JH) flow, which has valuable applications in areas like converging dies, hydrology, and the automotive industry, which make it a topic of practical importance. This research aims to explore Homogeneous–Heterogeneous (HH) chemical reactions in
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This study focuses on understanding the bioconvection in Jeffery–Hamel (JH) flow, which has valuable applications in areas like converging dies, hydrology, and the automotive industry, which make it a topic of practical importance. This research aims to explore Homogeneous–Heterogeneous (HH) chemical reactions in a magnetic Darcy–Forchheimer model with bioconvection in convergent/divergent channels. To analyze the role of porosity, the Darcy–Forchheimer law is applied. The main system of equations is simplified through similarity transformation into ordinary differential equations solved numerically with the help of the NDSolve technique. The results, compared with previous studies for validation, are presented through graphs and tables. The study reveals that in divergent channels, the velocity decreases with higher solid volume fractions, while in convergent channels, it increases. Furthermore, various physical parameters, such as the Eckert number and porosity parameter, increase skin friction in divergent channels but decrease it in convergent channels. These findings suggest that the parameters investigated in this study can effectively enhance homogeneous reactions, providing valuable insights for practical applications.
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Open AccessArticle
Cationic Mismatch Effect Induced by Double Substitution on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of La0.5Ca0.5MnO3
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Wadie Abdelhedi, Akram Krichene, Wahiba Boujelben and Nassira Chniba-Boudjada
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(5), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11050036 - 23 Apr 2025
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to induce controlled structural disorder through a double substitution approach in the La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 compound by investigating La0.5−xRexCa0.5−yAeyMnO3 compounds with x = 0.05
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In this study, we aimed to induce controlled structural disorder through a double substitution approach in the La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 compound by investigating La0.5−xRexCa0.5−yAeyMnO3 compounds with x = 0.05 and 0.1 and Re = Eu, Nd, Gd, Pr, and Ae = Ba and Sr. The y values are adjusted to maintain a constant average ionic radius (<rA> = 1.198 Å) and an unchanged Mn3+/Mn4+ ratio. These samples were synthesized using the sol–gel method. XRD analysis confirms structural stability despite the induced disorder, showing subtle lattice distortions. Magnetic measurements reveal that introducing low disorder annihilates the charge ordered (CO) state, enhances double-exchange interactions, and influences the ferromagnetic (FM) volume fractions. Moderate disorder strengthens AFM–CO state, triggering a first–order metamagnetic transition and reducing the Curie temperature value. Magnetic field-dependent magnetization data show disorder dependent magnetic behavior and suggest the presence of the Griffiths phase for all samples, confirming the role of structural disorder in tuning magnetic phase coexistence. Pr-based samples display a considerable magnetocaloric effect near their Curie temperature.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fundamentals and Applications of Novel Functional Magnetic Materials)
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Copper(II)-Promoted Reactions of α-Pyridoin Oxime: A Dodecanuclear Cluster and a 2D Coordination Polymer
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Konstantina H. Baka, Luís Cunha-Silva, Catherine P. Raptopoulou, Vassilis Psycharis, Dionissios Papaioannou, Mark M. Turnbull, Zoi G. Lada, Spyros P. Perlepes and Theocharis C. Stamatatos
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(4), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11040035 - 18 Apr 2025
Abstract
The reaction of CuCl2∙2H2O, (E)-2-hydroxy-1,2-di(pyridin-2-yl)ethanone oxime (α-pyroxH2) and Et3N in refluxing MeOH gave complex [Cu12Cl12(mpydol)4(pydox)2(MeOH)4] (1), where mpydol2− is the
[...] Read more.
The reaction of CuCl2∙2H2O, (E)-2-hydroxy-1,2-di(pyridin-2-yl)ethanone oxime (α-pyroxH2) and Et3N in refluxing MeOH gave complex [Cu12Cl12(mpydol)4(pydox)2(MeOH)4] (1), where mpydol2− is the dianion of 1,2-dimethoxy-1,2-di(pyridin-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diol and pydox2− is the dianion of (E,E)-1,2-di(pyridin-2-yl)ethanedione dioxime. “Blind” experiments have proven that the transformation of α-pyroxH2 is copper(II)-assisted. By changing the solvent from MeOH to MeCN, the polymeric compound {[Cu4Cl4(pic)4]}n (2) was isolated; pic− is the pyridine-2-carboxylato(-1) ligand. The observed α-pyroxH2 → pic− transformation is also copper(II)-assisted. The topology of the metal ions in 1 can be described as consisting of four consecutive isosceles triangles in a zigzag configuration. Complex 2 is a 2D coordination polymer consisting of CuII4 squares. Complete mechanistic views for the α-pyroxH2 → mpydol2−, pydox2− and pic− transformations are critically discussed. In 1, the six CuII ions of the “central” triangles seem to be strongly antiferromagnetically coupled, thus cancelling out their spins ( = 0). The two local spins of S = 1/2 for each of the antiferromagnetically coupled “terminal” CuII3 triangles result in an overall S = 1 ground state spin value for 1. In 2, the four CuII ions within each tetrameric unit are practically isolated and ferromagnetic interactions occur between these units through CuII–(μ-Cl)–CuII bridges.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Research on the Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds)
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Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) Cubane {M4O4} Complexes Derived from Di-2-pyridyl Ketone and Benzoate: Syntheses, Structure and Magnetic Properties
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Carolina Pejo, Santiago Valiero, Carlos Rojas-Dotti, Guilherme P. Guedes, Joan Cano, Miguel A. Novak, Raúl Chiozzone, Maria G. F. Vaz and Ricardo González
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(4), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11040034 - 15 Apr 2025
Abstract
Two tetranuclear complexes were obtained by a self-assembly process employing di-2-pyridyl ketone ((py)2CO), benzoate and M(NO3)2 (M = Co and Ni). The compounds [M4{(py)2C(OH)O}4(O2CPh)4], where {(py)2C(OH)O}
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Two tetranuclear complexes were obtained by a self-assembly process employing di-2-pyridyl ketone ((py)2CO), benzoate and M(NO3)2 (M = Co and Ni). The compounds [M4{(py)2C(OH)O}4(O2CPh)4], where {(py)2C(OH)O}− is the monoanion of the gem-diol form of (py)2CO, were characterized through single-crystal X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements. Structural analysis revealed that both complexes possess a [M4O4] cubane-like core. A two-J model and magnetic anisotropy were employed to analyze the magnetic properties of both compounds. These studies indicate the presence of dominant ferromagnetic interactions within both tetranuclear cores. DFT and CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations were also performed to support the fitting of experimental magnetic data.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Coordination Compounds and More... a Long and Successful Story: A Tribute to M. Julve and F. Lloret)
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Decaying Oscillating Pulsed Magnetic Field Induces Lysosome-Dependent Cell Death in A375 Melanoma via Magneto-Mechanical Force
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Yan Mi, Jianli Wang, Sifan Tang, Chi Ma, Wei Zheng and Jiayu Chen
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(4), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11040033 - 14 Apr 2025
Abstract
The synergistic application of magnetic fields and iron oxide nanorod particles (IONPs) presents a novel therapeutic approach for inducing lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCL) via magneto-mechanical force (MMF). This study demonstrates the efficacy of decaying oscillating pulsed magnetic fields (DOPMFs) to propel IONPs to
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The synergistic application of magnetic fields and iron oxide nanorod particles (IONPs) presents a novel therapeutic approach for inducing lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCL) via magneto-mechanical force (MMF). This study demonstrates the efficacy of decaying oscillating pulsed magnetic fields (DOPMFs) to propel IONPs to induce rapid tumor regression via lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). The systematic evaluation of dose-dependent parameters revealed that DOPMF intensity and pulse number critically determine A375 melanoma cell viability reduction. Mechanistic investigations identified two hallmark biomarkers of LMP: increased cytosolic cathepsin B activity and downregulated LAMP-2 expression. Crucially, in vivo experiments using A375 melanoma-bearing mouse models corroborated the therapeutic potential of this approach, showing significant tumor growth inhibition without systemic toxicity or invasive procedures. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that MMF by IONPs under DOPMF stimulation exhibits significant efficacy in suppressing melanoma proliferation, offering a non-invasive, targeted approach for oncological intervention.
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(This article belongs to the Section Applications of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials)
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The Impact of Ho Addition on the Microstructural Features and Magnetic Performances of Sintered NdFeB Magnets
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Xin-De Zhu, Wei-Ming Liu, Fei Wang, Zhao-Pu Xu, Qian Wang, Xiao-Qian Gu, Meng Li, Ya Jiang, Feng-Sheng Xue and Mei Wang
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(4), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11040032 - 14 Apr 2025
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Two NdFeB magnets with distinct compositions were fabricated via an identical process. One magnet was doped with 2.5 wt.% of Ho, whereas the other remained undoped. Subsequently, grain boundary diffusion was performed on both magnets using metallic Tb, adopting the same set of
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Two NdFeB magnets with distinct compositions were fabricated via an identical process. One magnet was doped with 2.5 wt.% of Ho, whereas the other remained undoped. Subsequently, grain boundary diffusion was performed on both magnets using metallic Tb, adopting the same set of technological parameters. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the magnetic properties, phase compositions, microstructures, and elemental distributions of these two magnets. The findings indicate that the incorporation of Ho enhances the utilization efficiency of Tb. As a result, the magnets can achieve higher coercivity across different temperatures, with only a minor reduction in remanence. During the sintering process of the Ho-doped magnet, fine precipitated particles of Ho2Fe14B are generated inside the magnet. This phenomenon causes the refinement of the main grains of the magnet. The refined main grains facilitate the effective diffusion of Tb within the magnet, eliminating the formation of the anti-shell structure. Furthermore, when Ho substitutes for Nd, it leads to a more homogeneous distribution of the Nd-rich phase. Additionally, it increases the densification degree of the sintered NdFeB magnets. These effects contribute to a further enhancement of the magnets’ coercivity.
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Lanthanoid Coordination Polymers Based on Homoditopic Picolinate Ligands: Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Properties
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Verónica Jornet-Mollá, Carlos J. Gómez-García, Miquel J. Dolz-Lozano and Francisco M. Romero
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(4), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11040031 - 7 Apr 2025
Abstract
A ditopic ligand (H2L1), containing picolinate subunits segmented by ethynylene bridges, has been used in the synthesis of a series of isostructural coordination polymers, formulated as [(CH3)2NH2][Ln(L1)2]·H2
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A ditopic ligand (H2L1), containing picolinate subunits segmented by ethynylene bridges, has been used in the synthesis of a series of isostructural coordination polymers, formulated as [(CH3)2NH2][Ln(L1)2]·H2O·CH3COOH, where Ln = Eu (1), Gd (2), Tb (3), Dy (4) and Ho (5). The single-crystal structures show that these compounds crystallise in the orthorhombic Pna21 space group and form 3D anionic lattices with triangular cavities. AC magnetic susceptibility measurements show that the Gd, Tb and Dy derivatives (2–4) present a slow relaxation in their magnetisation under an applied DC magnetic field. The detailed study of the AC susceptibility in compounds 2 and 4 shows that they relax following direct and Orbach mechanisms under these conditions. The Dy derivative (4) retains this behaviour in the absence of an external field, relaxing via quantum tunnelling and Orbach mechanisms. Compound 2 is one of the very few reported Gd(III) compounds showing slow relaxation in its magnetisation.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Coordination Compounds and More... a Long and Successful Story: A Tribute to M. Julve and F. Lloret)
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Open AccessArticle
Experimental Study on Thermal Conductivity of Hybrid Magnetic Fluids Under External Magnetic Field
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Licong Jin, Jixian Yang, Qian Li, Xin Tian and Decai Li
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(4), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11040030 - 3 Apr 2025
Abstract
In the paper, a hybrid magnetic fluid is prepared by adding carbon nanotubes to pure ferrofluid to improve its thermal conductivity. Furthermore, an electromagnet is used as magnetic source equipment, and the magnetic field strength in the air gap of the electromagnet is
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In the paper, a hybrid magnetic fluid is prepared by adding carbon nanotubes to pure ferrofluid to improve its thermal conductivity. Furthermore, an electromagnet is used as magnetic source equipment, and the magnetic field strength in the air gap of the electromagnet is analyzed in theory, simulations, and experiments. A thermal conductivity measurement apparatus for magnetic fluid is established according to the transient hot-wire method. The effects of weight fraction and the length of carbon nanotubes, the external magnetic field strength, and the magnetic field duration time on the thermal conductivity of hybrid magnetic fluid are experimentally investigated. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the hybrid magnetic fluid is significantly improved by adding long carbon nanotubes (10–30 μm), and the thermal conductivity could be enhanced by 23.39% when its weight fraction is 1%. The magnetic field strength (41, 81, 122, 162 mT) and magnetic field duration time have little influence on the thermal conductivity of the hybrid magnetic fluid. The thermal conductivity of the hybrid magnetic fluid has good stability.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ferrofluids: Electromagnetic Properties and Applications)
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Impact of Compaction Pressure and Heat Treatment Temperature on the Performance of FeSiBCuNb/FeNi Soft Magnetic Composites
by
Yanyan Song, Zhi Zhang, Shaoxiong Zhou, Ruibiao Zhang, Xiantao Li and Haichen Yu
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(4), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11040029 - 3 Apr 2025
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FeSiBCuNb powders, produced via the gas–water atomization method, typically exhibit a broad particle size distribution and high sphericity. Nanocrystalline soft magnetic composites derived from these powders demonstrate exceptional service stability. In this study, a series of FeSiBCuNb/FeNi nanocrystalline magnetic powder cores (NMPCs) were
[...] Read more.
FeSiBCuNb powders, produced via the gas–water atomization method, typically exhibit a broad particle size distribution and high sphericity. Nanocrystalline soft magnetic composites derived from these powders demonstrate exceptional service stability. In this study, a series of FeSiBCuNb/FeNi nanocrystalline magnetic powder cores (NMPCs) were fabricated under varying compaction pressures and heat treatment temperatures. The effects of these parameters on the soft magnetic properties were systematically analyzed. The findings reveal that optimizing compaction pressure and heat treatment temperature significantly enhances the density of the composite powders, leading to improved magnetic permeability and reduced core loss; when compaction pressure is 1800 MPa and heat treatment temperature is 550 °C, the NMPCs display outstanding magnetic properties with a low Hc of 6.32 Oe, high μe of 71.9, a low Pcv of 86.3 kW/m3 at 50 mT and 100 kHz, and 351.5 kW/m3 at 20 mT and 1000 kHz. Therefore, tailoring these processing conditions can enhance the soft magnetic performance of FeSiBCuNb nanocrystalline composites.
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Impact of Magnetic Field on ROS Generation in Cu-g-C3N4 Against E. coli Disinfection Process
by
Elkin Darío C. Castrillon, Santiago Correa and Yenny P. Ávila-Torres
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(4), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11040028 - 3 Apr 2025
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of g-C3N4 and Cu-g-C3N4 was evaluated against E. coli, with their disinfection capabilities influenced by structural characteristics, photocatalytic properties, and modulation under a static magnetic field. The incorporation of Cu2+ does not
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The antibacterial activity of g-C3N4 and Cu-g-C3N4 was evaluated against E. coli, with their disinfection capabilities influenced by structural characteristics, photocatalytic properties, and modulation under a static magnetic field. The incorporation of Cu2+ does not significantly affect the (210) reflection in XRD analysis, indicating that the alignment of aromatic layers remains stable. However, the presence of copper enables complete disinfection, in contrast to graphitic carbon nitride, which achieves only partial disinfection. Cu2+ is likely positioned at N-aliphatic sites and coexists with hydroxylated species, which may influence photocatalytic performance by modifying reactant adsorption and ROS generation. SEM-EDS analysis confirmed that Cu2+ modification did not significantly alter the material’s morphology, although a 3% copper content was detected, suggesting a heterogeneous surface distribution. Thermodynamic analysis showed that exposure to a magnetic field increased the Gibbs free energy of adsorption from 6.34 J/m2 to 10.52 J/m2, reducing interactions with key reactants essential for ROS formation. As a result, both disinfection and photodegradation efficiency were significantly diminished. Additionally, the presence of a magnetic field was found to modify the surface properties of the material, affecting its photocatalytic performance. In Cu-C3N4 materials, a decrease in the contact angle suggests enhanced hydrophilicity, while an increase in surface tension may influence the adsorption of water and hydroxyl radicals. This study underscores the effect of a magnetic field on the photocatalytic behavior of materials deposited on polymeric substrates with intrinsic electronic properties, ultimately impacting overall disinfection efficiency.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Magnetic Field Effect on Catalysts)
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Open AccessArticle
Sustainable Phosphate Remediation via Hierarchical Mg-Fe Layered Double Hydroxides on Magnetic Biochar from Agricultural Waste
by
Xiuling Li, Lei Xin, Yuhan Peng, Shihao Zhang, Delong Guan and Jing Song
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(4), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11040027 - 1 Apr 2025
Abstract
Addressing aquatic phosphate pollution requires advanced materials that combine high selectivity with recyclability. Here, we present a hierarchically structured composite integrating Mg-Fe layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with magnetic biochar derived from mulberry branches—an abundant agricultural byproduct. Through hydrothermal synthesis, the composite achieves a
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Addressing aquatic phosphate pollution requires advanced materials that combine high selectivity with recyclability. Here, we present a hierarchically structured composite integrating Mg-Fe layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with magnetic biochar derived from mulberry branches—an abundant agricultural byproduct. Through hydrothermal synthesis, the composite achieves a unique architecture combining Fe3O4-enabled magnetic recovery (2.63 emu·g−1 saturation) with LDHs’ anion exchange capacity and biochar’s porous network. Systematic characterization reveals phosphate capture mechanisms dominated by hydrogen bonding through deprotonated carboxyl groups, inner-sphere complexation with metal oxides, and interlayer anion exchange, enabling 99.22% phosphate removal at optimal conditions (pH 6, 25 °C). Crucially, the material demonstrates exceptional selectivity over competing Cl− and NO3− ions while maintaining 87.83% efficiency after three regeneration cycles via alkaline treatment. Kinetic and thermodynamic analyses confirm chemisorption-driven uptake aligned with pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 > 0.9998) and Langmuir monolayer adsorption (7.72 mg·g−1 capacity). This waste-derived magnetic composite establishes a sustainable paradigm for eutrophication control, merging selective phosphate sequestration with energy-efficient recovery for circular water treatment applications.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Magnetic Materials in Water Treatment)
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Open AccessArticle
Magnetic Relaxation in a Heterolanthanide Binuclear Complex Involving a Nitronyl Nitroxide Biradical
by
Yan Zhou, Junfang Xie, Chaoyi Jin, Yue Ma and Licun Li
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(4), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11040026 - 31 Mar 2025
Abstract
The reaction of nitronyl nitroxide biradical NITPhMeImbis(5-(2-methylimidazole)-1,3-bis(1′-oxyl-3′-oxido-4′,4′,5′,5′-tetramethyl-4,5-hydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-benzene) with Dy(hfac)3 and La(hfac)3 (hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate) afforded a heterolanthanide complex [Dy0.56La1.44(hfac)7(NITPhMeImbisH)] (1). In this complex, the biradical NITPhMeImbis ligand chelates one Ln(III) ion
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The reaction of nitronyl nitroxide biradical NITPhMeImbis(5-(2-methylimidazole)-1,3-bis(1′-oxyl-3′-oxido-4′,4′,5′,5′-tetramethyl-4,5-hydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-benzene) with Dy(hfac)3 and La(hfac)3 (hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate) afforded a heterolanthanide complex [Dy0.56La1.44(hfac)7(NITPhMeImbisH)] (1). In this complex, the biradical NITPhMeImbis ligand chelates one Ln(III) ion via its two neighboring NO units and simultaneously binds the La(III) ion through another NO group to form a dinuclear structure. Direct current (dc) magnetic measurement shows the dominant ferromagnetic couplings in Complex 1. Spin dynamics studies exhibit visible frequency-dependent peaks of χ″ signals under a dc field evidenced by field-induced magnetic relaxation behavior, which is a combination of Orbach and QTM processes, giving the Ueff, τ0 and τQTM values of 15.14 K, 3.04 × 10−7 s and 3.61 × 10−4 s, respectively.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Magnetism: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Dai-Zheng Liao on the Occasion of His 85th Birthday)
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Open AccessArticle
Improving the Soft Magnetic Characteristics of Nanocrystalline Soft Magnetic Composites Through the Incorporation of Ultrafine FeSiAl Powders
by
Yanyan Song, Zhi Zhang, Shaoxiong Zhou, Ruibiao Zhang, Haichen Yu and Xiantao Li
Magnetochemistry 2025, 11(4), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry11040025 - 30 Mar 2025
Abstract
Nanocrystalline powders, characterized by a biphasic amorphous nanocrystalline structure, demonstrate outstanding soft magnetic characteristics, including reduced coercivity (Hc), enhanced effective permeability (μe), and increased resistivity. However, their high hardness, poor formability, and significant core loss (P
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Nanocrystalline powders, characterized by a biphasic amorphous nanocrystalline structure, demonstrate outstanding soft magnetic characteristics, including reduced coercivity (Hc), enhanced effective permeability (μe), and increased resistivity. However, their high hardness, poor formability, and significant core loss (Pcv) restrict their use in high-performance molded inductors. In this study, FeSiBCuNb/FeSiAl nanocrystalline soft magnetic composites (NSMCs) were fabricated, and the influence of varying the FeSiAl concentration on the microstructure, density, and soft magnetic characteristics of NSMCs was investigated. Then, the underlying mechanisms of these effects were explained. The results demonstrate that FeSiAl exhibits apparent deformation following compression, effectively filling the air gap between the FeSiBCuNb powder particles, thereby enhancing coupling among the magnetic particles. Consequently, the density of the NSMCs was enhanced, leading to a significant improvement in their overall soft magnetic properties. When 50 wt.% FeSiAl is added, the NSMCs display outstanding magnetic properties, including a low Hc of 4.36 Oe, a high μe of 48.7, a low Pcv of 119.35 kW/m3 at 50 mT and 100 kHz, and a high DC-bias performance of 73.29% at 100 Oe. Compared to NSMCs without FeSiAl, μe increased by 59.4% and Pcv decreased by 66.1%. Meanwhile, the incorporation of ultrafine FeSiAl powder was found to significantly improve the material properties, as the deformable FeSiAl particles effectively fill interparticle gaps during compaction, enhancing density and magnetic coupling. The 50 wt.% FeSiAl composition demonstrated exceptional properties. These advances address critical challenges in high-frequency power electronic applications and provide a practical material solution for next-generation power electronics.
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(This article belongs to the Section Magnetic Materials)
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