The production of portland cement is among the major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions that adversely affect the environment. Identifying sustainable materials to partially replace portland cement in concrete, such as pozzolanic materials, is...
16 April 2024
Introduction: Health technology assessment (HTA) agencies express a clear preference for randomized controlled trials when assessing the comparative efficacy of two or more treatments. However, an indirect treatment comparison (ITC) is often necessar...
Vapor pressures of eight aliphatic hexanols ((±)-3-hexanol, CAS RN: 623-37-0; 2-methyl-2-pentanol, CAS RN: 590-36-3; (±)-2-methyl-3-pentanol, CAS RN: 565-67-3; (±)-3-methyl-2-pentanol, CAS RN: 565-60-6; 3-methyl-3-pentanol, CAS R...
The main problem with counting vehicles in rest areas in Europe and America is the overflowing of parking lots in the rest areas. Thus it is impossible to count parked vehicles with traditional, direct methods, which use cameras and Lidar (light dete...
Despite the great potential and the high performance of energy-efficient line-start permanent magnet synchronous motors (LSPMSMs), their developers face a great deal of difficulties, one of which is the lack of reliable and accurate testing methods f...
Background: In vivo Hounsfield Unit (HU) values have traditionally been determined using direct CT image measurements. These measurements are dependent on the window/level used to examine the CT image and the individual conducting the fat tissue trac...
The mission of spacecraft usually faces the problem of an unknown deep space environment, limited long-distance communication and complex environmental dynamics, which brings new challenges to the intelligence level and real-time performance of space...
To determine the geolocation of a pixel for spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, traditional indirect geolocation methods can cause great computational complexity. In this paper, a fast, three-dimensional, indirect geolocation method wit...
In lifting systems used for the vertical transport of bulk materials and individual items or persons, so-called frictional force transmission between a steel cable and pulley is used. Due to the sufficient contact pressure between the pulley groove a...
Azelaic acid (AZA) and salicylic acid (SA) are widely used active ingredients in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations for the treatment of acne, rosacea, hyperpigmentation, and other dermatological conditions. Despite their frequent co-administra...
Hydrological regime disturbances in riparian ecosystems affect the interactions between soil properties and vegetation. The proper assessment of changes occurring in river valley forests is a basis for planning in sustainable forest management. The e...
Area shape function and frame compliance are the most critical parameters in nanoindentation, as they control measurement accuracy and represent the largest contributions to measurement uncertainty. Despite the availability of direct calibration meth...
Mannoproteins (MPs) are cell wall proteoglycans released in wine by yeast during fermentation and ageing on lees, a procedure used for the production of several wines to enrich them in these components with consequences from both a technological and...
Matrix converters (MCs) allow the implementation of single-stage AC/AC power conversion systems (PCS) with inherent bidirectional power flow capability. By avoiding the typical DC-link capacitor, MCs have the potential to achieve higher power density...
This paper proposes an indirect method to measure absolute acoustic nonlinearity parameters using surface acoustic waves by employing a fully non-contact laser-ultrasonic technique. For this purpose, the relationship between the ratio of relative aco...
Introduction: Right heart catheterization (RHC) is a diagnostic procedure, the main purpose of which is to diagnose pulmonary hypertension and investigate its etiology and treatability. In addition to measuring blood pressure in heart chambers, it in...
Wind energy is a variable energy source with a growing presence in many electrical networks across the world. Wind-speed prediction has become an important tool for many agents involved in energy markets. In this paper, an approach to this problem is...
This study presents the development of a deep drawing process under an indirect hot stamping method for manufacturing an automotive internal combustion engine oil pan from ultra-high-strength steel (UHSS) sheets, specifically 22MnB5. The forming proc...
An experiment was carried out in an acrylic glass-sided re-circulating closed conduit with a rectangular cross section, which is similar in construction to an erosion function apparatus. An adjustable sand box, made of acrylic glass, was attached to...
This study focuses on the Alentejo and Algarve regions of southern Portugal, which is characterized by a typical Mediteranean climate. In the Mediterranean region, evaporation plays a significant role in reservoir water budgets. Therefore, estimating...
Water use efficiency (WUE) is a key index for understanding the ecosystem of carbon–water coupling. The undistinguishable carbon–water coupling mechanism and uncertainties of indirect methods by remote sensing products and process models render chall...
Landscape design, construction and management should no longer be the result of superficial approaches based exclusively on designers’ and planners’ ideas. This research starts with the assumption that the aesthetic component constitutes an essential...
Solar drying is an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach to preserve agricultural products, particularly in regions with abundant sunlight. In terms of apricot cultivation, the implementation of solar drying methods can significantly impa...
Ammonia and greenhouse gases have a negative impact on the environment. The most important agricultural sources of ammonia are dairy cattle housing systems, which are mainly naturally ventilated. Estimating emissions for naturally ventilated barns (N...
The increasing international trade of agricultural products has contributed to a larger diversity of food at low prices and represents an important economic value. However, such trade can also cause social, environmental and economic impacts beyond t...
In piglet production, the beginning of pork production, Salmonella prevalence requires greater attention as having an impact on the subsequent production steps. The aim of this study was to investigate Salmonella prevalence in three sow herds with at...
The monitoring of fluvial suspended sediment transport plays an important role in the assessment of morphological processes, river habitats, or many social activities associated with river management. However, establishing and operating a well-functi...
Objective: To answer the question of whether the anatomical center of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), as calculated indirectly from stereotactic atlases or by direct visualization on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), corresponds to the best functional...
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation, is a part of a polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotype. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provides a gold standard measurement of VAT. This study aimed to compare ten different indirect methods of V...
The information obtained from direct data (geological mapping and boreholes) and indirect techniques (reflection seismology, time-domain electromagnetics and magnetometry) is combined to analyse the northern limit of the Bailén basin (southeas...
Using beneficial bacteria from the plant microbiome to combat pathogens is an environmentally friendly strategy for biological control. Although significant progress has been made in characterizing microorganisms with biocontrol potential, the optima...
This paper presents a comparative study of the cross-flow regenerative heat and mass exchanger (HMX) and the conventional cross-flow HMX for indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) with numerical methods. The objective of this study is mainly to clarify t...
A solution to reduce the consumption of raw materials and the generation of greenhouse gases is the partial replacement of clinker (the main constituent of cement) with supplementary cementitious materials. This study aimed to compare the reactivity...
An accurate understanding of the tensile mechanical behavior of shale rock is essential for optimizing shale gas drilling and hydraulic fracturing operations. However, the mechanical behavior of shale is significantly influenced by its anisotropy. Th...
The leaf area index (LAI) is a crucial indicator for quantifying forest productivity and community ecological processes. Satellite remote sensing can achieve large-scale LAI monitoring, but it needs to be calibrated and validated according to the in...
Seagrass constitutes a vital component of coastal ecosystems, providing a wide array of ecosystem services. The accurate measurement of the seagrass frontal area is crucial for assessing its capacity to inhibit water flow and reduce wave energy; howe...
Low-thrust orbit transfer problems are central to reducing mission costs and enabling cleaner, more efficient space travel. However, they remain difficult to solve using mathematically superior indirect methods of optimization. This is mainly due to...
As there is a staggering increase in flooding worldwide, many countries have prioritized sustainability of their transportation sector through flood impact prediction to support the transition during flooding. As such, research regarding the flood im...
Many historical handwritten records in low-resource languages remain difficult to access through modern digital systems. This limits efforts to preserve and study cultural heritage at scale. Chagatai manuscripts exemplify these challenges within the...
The fallow deer (Dama dama) population on the island of Rhodes, Greece, constitutes one of the oldest extant free-ranging populations of this species. Robust population estimates are crucial for effective conservation and management. This study aimed...
The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is an exceptionally invasive species introduced into the Egyptian freshwater ecosystems in the 1980s for aquaculture purposes. Despite its ecological and economic significance, the age distribution of this...
In the area of evidence-based medicine, the IPDfromKM-Shiny method is an innovative method of survival analysis, midway between artificial intelligence and advanced statistics. Its main characteristic is that an original software investigates the Kap...
This paper addresses the challenge of identifying causes for functional dynamic targets, which are functions of various variables over time. We develop screening and local learning methods to learn the direct causes of the target, as well as all indi...
In the education domain, the significance of student feedback and other stakeholders for raising educational standards has received more attention in recent years. As a result, numerous instruments and strategies for obtaining student input and asses...
(1) Background: The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different cements (Panavia V5, RelyX U200) and placement techniques (indirect ultrasonic vibration and manual method) on the bond strength of glass fiber posts in teeth with...
Background/Objectives: This study examined the impact of data pre-processing on indirectly derived reference intervals for intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH). Routine laboratory data from a single Norwegian site, measured on the Abbott Alinity i analy...
Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) represent an opportunity to use stormwater management as a mechanism to deliver multiple co-benefits. They can play a key role in urban climate change adaptation, restoring nature, and increasing health and social...
Determining the productivity of forest sites through various classification techniques is important for making appropriate forest management decisions. Forest sites were classified using direct and indirect (site index) and remote sensing (Landsat 7...
This paper introduces a novel closed-loop optimal controller that integrates the Extreme Theory of Functional Connections (X-TFC) with receding horizon control (RHC), referred to as X-TFC-RHC. The controller reformulates a sequence of linearized or q...
This paper proposes a new shape-based method in spherical coordinates to solve three-dimensional rendezvous problems. Compared with the existing shape-based methods, the proposed method does not need parameter optimization. Moreover, it improves the...
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