In order to give full play to the frequency regulation ability of multiple types of resources such as wind power, energy storage, and controllable load in a microgrid, this paper proposes a hierarchical cooperative frequency regulation control strate...
Offshore wind turbine operation and maintenance in complex sea states is influenced by the coupled effects of low-frequency vessel drift and high-frequency wave-induced disturbances. In practical operations, the ship dynamic positioning system primar...
This paper investigates a hierarchical fault diagnosis and cooperative fault-tolerant control framework for switched nonlinear systems. Initially, an analysis of fault recoverability based on an improved covariance matrix is incorporated into the fau...
To enhance the trajectory tracking accuracy and lateral stability of distributed-drive electric vehicles, a hierarchical cooperative control strategy optimized by the Genetic–Firefly Algorithm (G-FA) is proposed. First, bottom-level controllers...
A Stackelberg game-based cooperative control strategy is proposed for enhancing the lateral stability of a four-wheel independently driving electric vehicle (FWID-EV). An upper‒lower double-layer hierarchical control structure is adopted for the desi...
With the aim of addressing the power quality problem associated with voltage fluctuation of multiple electric vehicles and renewable energy generation equipment integration into the AC micro-grid, a multi-agent system-based model-free adaptive constr...
Hybrid tractors operating in hilly terrain often suffer from reduced overall performance due to unregulated slip rate variations. To address this issue, this paper proposes a hierarchical cooperative control strategy that jointly optimizes traction e...
In the parallel operation of islanded microgrids, line impedance mismatches and random load fluctuations, along with the dynamic response lag and difficulty in multidimensional parameter tuning of traditional control strategies, lead to power sharing...
In this paper, the trajectory planning and position/force coordination control of multi-robot systems during the welding process are discussed. Trajectory planning is the basis of the position/ force cooperative control, an object-oriented hierarchic...
Cooperative multi-UAV path planning under dynamic and adversarial conditions demands simultaneous satisfaction of safety, efficiency, and coordination constraints, yet existing swarm-intelligence and RL–swarm hybrids rely on deterministic switc...
The aggregation of operational active and reactive power flexibilities as the feasible operation region (FOR) is a main component of a hierarchical multi-voltage-level grid control as well as the cooperation of transmission and distribution system op...
Over the last decade, lower limb exoskeletons have seen significant development, with a particular focus on improving the interaction between the subject and the exoskeleton. This has been achieved by implementing advanced control strategies that ena...
Sustainable and demand-adaptive railway operation requires frameworks capable of aligning service capacity with time-varying demand while ensuring safe, operationally feasible, and energy-efficient service. This paper proposes an integrated control-a...
Heterogeneous airground robotic systems, which integrate unmanned ground vehicles and unmanned aerial vehicles, have shown significant potential in complex autonomous missions. However, when deployed in urban canyons, dense high-rise buildings impose...
Outdoor mobile spraying robots are increasingly being used for precision plant protection and vector-borne disease control. Coverage planning in unstructured environments remains difficult because spray models are computationally costly, chassis moti...
To solve the problem of communication delays and topology changes and achieve a high-precision formation configuration control index in the flight control of SAR (synthetic aperture radar) satellite formations, this paper studies the consistency coop...
We present a protocol for the hierarchical controlled joint remote implementation of the partially unknown operations of m qudits belonging to some restricted sets by using m multiparticle high-dimensional entangled states as the quantum channel. All...
Cooperative group formation control of manned/unmanned aircraft vehicles (MAV/UAVs) using a hierarchical framework can be more efficient and flexible than centralized control strategies. In this paper, a two-level hierarchical-interaction-based coope...
The driving speed of autonomous agricultural vehicles is influenced by surrounding cooperative vehicles during cooperative operations, leading to challenges in simultaneously optimizing operational efficiency, energy consumption, safety, and driving...
In order to realize a saturation attack of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) on the same target, the problem is transformed into one of multiple UAVs hitting the same target simultaneously, and a terminal distributed cooperative guidance law f...
This article presents a modeling and cooperative kinematic control framework for heterogeneous mobile manipulators operating in a shared task space. The proposed approach integrates systems with different kinematic structures into a unified pose&ndas...
We introduce a new network centrality measure founded on the Gately value for cooperative games with transferable utilities. A directed network is interpreted as representing control or authority relations between players—constituting a hierarc...
To improve the control of active power in wind power clusters, an active power hierarchical predictive control method with multiple temporal and spatial scales is proposed. First, the method from the spatial scale divides the wind power clusters into...
Photoresponsive block copolymers (PRBCs) containing azobenzenes and other chromophores can be easily prepared by controlled polymerization. Their photoresponsive behaviors are generally based on photoisomerization, photocrosslinking, photoalignment a...
Artificial intelligence (AI) is driving the evolution of autonomous agriculture towards multi-agent collaborative control, breaking through the limitations of traditional isolated automation. Although existing research has focused on hierarchical con...
Cooperative formation control of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) has become one of the important research hotspots in the application of UGV and attracted more and more attention in the military and civil fields. Compared with traditional formation c...
This paper presents a moving horizon estimator-based cooperative model predictive control strategy for a low-voltage distribution area equipped with symmetric distributed generators (DGs). First, DGs have their symmetries in the control structures th...
This work investigates a quadrotor equipped with dual-stage robotic arms and a cable-suspended payload, developing a unified methodology for modeling and control. A 10-DOF Lagrangian model captures vehicle-arm-payload coupling through structured mass...
Operation control is a vital and complex issue for microgrids. The objective of this paper is to explore the practical means of applying decentralized control by using a multi agent system in actual microgrids and devices. This paper presents a hiera...
This paper addresses the problem that autonomous bicycles struggle to achieve precise obstacle avoidance and robust dynamic balance at the same time in rugged terrain and narrow constrained spaces. A hybrid hierarchical control architecture that inte...
This is the first empirical study which has segmented consumers based on cooperative product concepts and perceived the barriers in purchasing fresh fruits and vegetables. From this research, we analyzed specific factors of satisfaction and beliefs o...
The coordination of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles traditionally relies on pre-defined control strategies and complex programming implementations, making adaptation to dynamic environments and tasks challenging. The purpose of this study is to exp...
In China, an effective form of agricultural organization called an agri-industrialized union (AIU) has been on the rise and is recognized as making a great contribution to rural revitalization. However, individual AIUs appear to be conducted in diffe...
Cooperative longitudinal–lateral trajectory optimization is essential for unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) platoons to improve safety, capacity, and efficiency. However, existing approaches often face unstable formation under low penetration rates...
To enhance the risk management capacity of petrochemical enterprises, this paper presents a systematic and in-depth study of risk hierarchical control and hidden danger investigation technologies. Firstly, a risk hierarchical control system was devel...
This paper presents a novel hierarchical Internet of Things (IoT)-based scheme for Microgrid-Enabled Intelligent Buildings to achieve energy digitalization and automation with a renewable energy self-consumption strategy. Firstly, a hierarchical stru...
Low-altitude urban environments pose significant challenges to multi-UAV trajectory planning because of dense buildings, constrained airspace, dynamic obstacles, inter-UAV conflicts, and terminal-area congestion. This study proposes a hierarchical th...
Reinforcement-learning (RL) algorithms have made great achievements in many scenarios. However, in large-scale traffic signal control (TSC) scenarios, RL still falls into local optima when controlling multiple signal lights. To solve this problem, we...
Since group consensus (GC) control accounts for one-half of the multi-robot coordination domain, as does complete consensus control, this paper will formulate a certain kind of GC and group bipartite consensus (GBC) in finite time for multi-agent sys...
This paper proposes a hierarchical cooperative tracking control method for multi-missile formations under dynamic event-triggered mechanisms, addressing parameter uncertainties and saturated overload constraints. The proposed hierarchical structure c...
Tight-formation control is a key technology for unmanned surface vehicle (USV) swarms in harbor navigation, cooperative berthing, and operations in hazardous environments, yet achieving reliable obstacle avoidance while maintaining formation stabilit...
For human–machine collaborative driving conditions, a hierarchical chassis multi-objective cooperative control method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the phase plane theory, vehicle dynamics analysis is carried out to complete the...
As a main component of the stratum corneum, ceramides can construct protective lamellae to provide an epidermal barrier against dehydration or external microorganisms. However, as ceramide molecules can easily form the isolated crystalline phase thro...
This paper addresses the problem of cooperative coverage control for heterogeneous Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) swarms operating in complex underwater environments. The objective is to achieve optimal coverage of a target region while simultan...
Border surveillance, as a critical component of national security, places increasingly stringent demands on the target perception capabilities of video monitoring systems, especially in wide-area and complex environments. To address the limitations o...
Most previous studies on multi-agent systems aim to coordinate agents to achieve a common goal, but the lack of scalability and transferability prevents them from being applied to large-scale multi-agent tasks. To deal with these limitations, we prop...
This paper proposes a novel dual-layer learning-based cascade architecture, termed LAMDA-LAMDA, for cooperative formation control of aerial manipulators. The strategy integrates two hierarchical LAMDA controllers: an inner loop that performs velocity...
Cooperative multi-UAV pursuit–evasion under occlusions and sensor noise is challenged by intermittent observability of the evader, varying observation-window lengths, and non-stationary evader tactics, all of which destabilize prediction and un...
In this study, we aim to gain critical insights into how cooperative professional development affects teachers’ efficacy. To this end, the purpose of this study is to identify cooperative professional development types (CPD-type) and to reveal...
Three-dimensional coverage deployment is a fundamental challenge for underwater mobile sensor networks (UMSNs), where the coupled requirements of high coverage, guaranteed connectivity, and low energy consumption must be simultaneously satisfied unde...
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