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39,606 Results Found

  • Review
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,790 Views
16 Pages

Artificial Intelligence and Algorithmic Approaches of Health Security Systems: A Review

  • Savina Mariettou,
  • Constantinos Koutsojannis and
  • Vassilios Triantafillou

22 January 2025

This paper explores the overall picture regarding healthcare security systems through an extensive literature review. As the healthcare sector has now become digitalized, the security of healthcare systems and, by extension, the protection of patient...

(This article belongs to the Section Algorithms and Mathematical Models for Computer-Assisted Diagnostic Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,611 Views
17 Pages

To tackle the problems of sluggish convergence rates, low precision, and limited applicability to static settings, a fusion algorithm of the improved Gray Wolf Algorithm and the improved Dynamic Window Approach is proposed. With regard to the Gray Wo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
6,815 Views
27 Pages

Improvement and Fusion of D*Lite Algorithm and Dynamic Window Approach for Path Planning in Complex Environments

  • Yang Gao,
  • Qidong Han,
  • Shuo Feng,
  • Zhen Wang and ,
  • Teng Meng and
  • Jingshuai Yang
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

1 August 2024

Effective path planning is crucial for autonomous mobile robots navigating complex environments. The “global–local” coupled path planning algorithm exhibits superior global planning capabilities and local adaptability. However, thes...

(This article belongs to the Section Automation and Control Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
341 Views
18 Pages

Advanced Smoothing Approaches for Global Minimization: Algorithmic Design and Applications

  • Gülden Kapusuz,
  • Nurullah Yilmaz,
  • Ahmet Sahiner and
  • Halil İbrahim Gokdogan

3 August 2026

This paper addresses the unconstrained global minimization of continuously differentiable functions by introducing a novel global optimization framework based on the auxiliary function approach. First, a robust auxiliary function that remains unaffec...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Optimization Algorithms and Applications, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
6,993 Views
25 Pages

Dynamic Path Planning for Mobile Robots by Integrating Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm and Dynamic Window Approach

  • Junting Hou,
  • Wensong Jiang,
  • Zai Luo,
  • Li Yang and ,
  • Xiaofeng Hu and
  • Bin Guo
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

8 January 2024

To overcome the limitations of the sparrow search algorithm and the challenges of dynamic obstacle avoidance in mobile robots, an integrated method combining the enhanced sparrow search algorithm with the dynamic window approach is introduced. First,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Motion Planning and Control of Robot Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,957 Views
15 Pages

Social media platforms like Instagram have become a haven for online scams, employing various deceptive tactics to exploit unsuspecting users. This paper investigates advanced algorithmic approaches to combat this growing threat. We explore various m...

(This article belongs to the Section Computer Science & Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,089 Views
19 Pages

A Dual Approach to the A* Algorithm to Generate Consistent Trajectories for the Leader–Follower Scheme

  • Griselda Stephany Abarca-Jiménez,
  • Manuel Vladimir Vega-Blanco,
  • Jesús Mares-Carreño,
  • Juan Cruz-Castro and
  • Yunuén López-Grijalba

Path planning and formation control in leader–follower robotic systems are active areas of research, as both are highly relevant to the proper execution of the assigned task. In this work, a dual approach to the A* algorithm is applied to gener...

(This article belongs to the Topic Collection Series on Applied System Innovation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
3,217 Views
17 Pages

The study of path-planning algorithms is crucial for an electric logistics vehicle to reach its target point quickly and safely. In light of this, this work suggests a novel path-planning technique based on the improved A-star (A*) fusion dynamic win...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Intelligent Vehicle Path Planning Algorithm)
  • Article
  • Open Access
84 Citations
7,275 Views
20 Pages

Research on Path Planning with the Integration of Adaptive A-Star Algorithm and Improved Dynamic Window Approach

  • Tianjian Liao,
  • Fan Chen,
  • Yuting Wu,
  • Huiquan Zeng and ,
  • Sujian Ouyang and
  • Jiansheng Guan
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

In response to the shortcomings of the traditional A-star algorithm, such as excessive node traversal, long search time, unsmooth path, close proximity to obstacles, and applicability only to static maps, a path planning method that integrates an ada...

(This article belongs to the Section Systems & Control Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,785 Views
30 Pages

Path Planning for Delivery Robots Based on an Improved Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm Combined with Dynamic Window Approach

  • Limin Huang,
  • Tao Hu,
  • Jiabao Wei,
  • Yifeng Guo and ,
  • Xubin Tong,
  • Jiaxin Ding,
  • Hao Yang and
  • Bin Zhong
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

22 December 2025

In meal delivery robot path planning, enabling the robot to find an optimal path that avoids obstacles within its workspace is a crucial step. Usually, the traditional ant colony optimization (ACO) suffers from slow convergence and blind search behav...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensors and Robotics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
101 Citations
9,027 Views
28 Pages

6 March 2023

Intelligent mobile robots play an important role in the green and efficient operation of warehouses and have a significant impact on the natural environment and the economy. Path planning technology is one of the key technologies to achieve intellige...

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,290 Views
20 Pages

3 February 2023

This paper examines a calculus-based approach to building model functions in a derivative-free algorithm. This calculus-based approach can be used when the objective function considered is defined via more than one blackbox. Two versions of a derivat...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematical Models and Their Applications IV)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,940 Views
18 Pages

Joint Approach for Vehicle Routing Problems Based on Genetic Algorithm and Graph Convolutional Network

  • Dingding Qi,
  • Yingjun Zhao,
  • Zhengjun Wang,
  • Wei Wang and ,
  • Li Pi and
  • Longyue Li
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

8 October 2024

The logistics demands of industries represented by e-commerce have experienced explosive growth in recent years. Vehicle path-planning plays a crucial role in optimization systems for logistics and distribution. A path-planning scheme suitable for an...

(This article belongs to the Section E: Applied Mathematics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,192 Views
20 Pages

24 September 2022

Disruptive technology, especially autonomous vehicles, is predicted to provide higher safety and reduce road traffic emissions. Lane detection and tracking are critical building blocks for developing autonomous or intelligent vehicles. This study pre...

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Transportation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,118 Views
19 Pages

28 September 2023

To ensure the safety and energy efficiency of autonomous sampling operations for a deep-sea landing vehicle (DSLV), the Safety Energy-Dynamic Window Approach (SE-DWA) algorithm was proposed. The safety assessment sub-function formed from the warning...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Motion Control and Path Planning of Marine Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,136 Views
22 Pages

To address the common limitations of conventional dual-layer path planning methods, such as slow global convergence, delayed local obstacle avoidance response, and insufficient inter-layer integration, this paper proposes an enhanced collaborative pl...

(This article belongs to the Section Computer Science & Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,174 Views
31 Pages

Circular Economy (CE) and circular cities are recognized as essential approaches for achieving sustainability and fostering sustainable urban development. Given the diverse definitions and principles, multidimensional complexities, and lack of a comp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
2,477 Views
27 Pages

Exploiting the Moth–Flame Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Load Management of the University Campus: A Viable Approach in the Academia Sector

  • Ibrar Ullah,
  • Irshad Hussain,
  • Khalid Rehman,
  • Piotr Wróblewski and ,
  • Wojciech Lewicki and
  • Balasubramanian Prabhu Kavin
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

19 May 2022

Unbalanced load condition is one of the major issues of all commercial, industrial and residential sectors. Unbalanced load means that, when different loads are distributed on a three-phase four-wire system, unequal currents pass through the three ph...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermo-Mechanical and Electrical Measurements for Energy Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
4,410 Views
23 Pages

17 June 2020

To maximize the advantages of being low-cost, highly mobile, and having a high flexibility, aerial recovery technology is important for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms. In particular, the operation mode of “launch-recovery-relaunch”...

(This article belongs to the Section Aerospace Science and Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,636 Views
10 Pages

The Efficacy of a Multidisciplinary Approach and Diagnostic–Therapeutic Algorithm for Vertebral Metastases with Spinal Cord Compression

  • Rossella Rispoli,
  • Fabrizia Giorgiutti,
  • Claudio Veltri,
  • Edi Copetti and ,
  • Pietro Imbruce’,
  • Giorgia Iacopino and
  • Barbara Cappelletto
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

21 June 2024

Background and Objectives: Metastatic spinal cord compression represents a substantial risk to patients, given its potential for spinal cord and/or nerve root compression, which can result in severe morbidity. This study aims to evaluate the effectiv...

(This article belongs to the Section Orthopedics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
270 Views
20 Pages

11 September 2026

This article addresses real-time local conflict resolution for a self-planning UAV operating in a three-dimensional dynamic environment with surrounding UAVs. To this end, we develop an SBA–DWA hybrid planning framework in which an improved sti...

(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence in Drones (AID))
  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,996 Views
75 Pages

Respiratory Monitoring in Motion: An Overview of Wearable Methods and Algorithmic Approaches for Reliable Assessment

  • Michal Pecik,
  • Erik Vavrinsky,
  • Diana Vitazkova,
  • Helena Kosnacova and ,
  • Juraj Nevrela and
  • Erik Foltan
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

23 May 2026

Advances in wearable device and sensor technologies progressively shift respiratory monitoring from the clinical setting to real-world conditions. This rapidly developing field allows for more accurate diagnostics. However, reliable monitoring during...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Flexible and Wearable Biosensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
40 Citations
3,865 Views
18 Pages

8 December 2018

Known as a multi-objective, large-scale, and complicated optimization problem, the multi-objective optimal power flow (MOOPF) problem tends to be introduced with many constraints. In this paper, compared with the frequently-used penalty function-base...

(This article belongs to the Section C: Energy Economics and Policy)
  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
8,293 Views
29 Pages

12 November 2024

This paper examines the use of algorithms and non-algorithmic models in mathematics and science, especially in biology, during the past century by summarizing the gradual development of a conceptual rationale for non-algorithmic models in biology. Fi...

(This article belongs to the Section E3: Mathematical Biology)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
72 Citations
30,666 Views
17 Pages

Algorithmic Approaches to Inventory Management Optimization

  • Hector D. Perez,
  • Christian D. Hubbs,
  • Can Li and
  • Ignacio E. Grossmann

6 January 2021

An inventory management problem is addressed for a make-to-order supply chain that has inventory holding and/or manufacturing locations at each node. The lead times between nodes and production capacity limits are heterogeneous across the network. Th...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Expanding the Horizons of Manufacturing: Towards Wide Integration, Smart Systems and Tools)
  • Article
  • Open Access
565 Views
33 Pages

27 May 2026

Algorithmic complexity is a foundational notion in theoretical computer science, but its incomputability has led to two families of practical estimators: compression-based and program-execution-based (e.g., the Coding Theorem Method, CTM). Despite wi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Kolmogorov Complexity and Applications—Dedicated to Professor Paul Vitanyi on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,093 Views
18 Pages

13 February 2020

This study leveraged the millimeter wireless access in vehicular environments (mmWAVE) communication technology to reflect the maneuvering characteristics of small fishing vessels and constructed a collision prevention algorithm that can be applied r...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maritime Safety)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,068 Views
17 Pages

Distributed GNE-Seeking under Partial Information Based on Preconditioned Proximal-Point Algorithms

  • Zhongzheng Wang,
  • Huaqing Li,
  • Menggang Chen,
  • Jialong Tang and ,
  • Jingran Cheng and
  • Yawei Shi
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

24 May 2023

This paper proposes a distributed algorithm for games with shared coupling constraints based on the variational approach and the proximal-point algorithm. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the proximal-point algorithm in distributed computi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Artificial Intelligence Theories and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
5,997 Views
33 Pages

8 November 2021

The assessment of time irreversibility, i.e., of the lack of invariance of the statistical properties of a system under the operation of time reversal, is a topic steadily gaining attention within the research community. Irreversible dynamics have be...

(This article belongs to the Section Entropy and Biology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
1,979 Views
25 Pages

21 June 2024

This paper introduces a novel formulation of the clustering problem, namely, the minimum sum-of-squares clustering of infinitely tall data (MSSC-ITD), and presents HPClust, an innovative set of hybrid parallel approaches for its effective solution. B...

(This article belongs to the Section E1: Mathematics and Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,119 Views
24 Pages

The A* algorithm is widely used in path planning for Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs), but the path it generates is prone to collision with random obstacles. To address this issue, this paper proposes a hybrid path planning algorithm integrating the...

(This article belongs to the Section Industrial Electronics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
75 Citations
6,246 Views
21 Pages

Optimal Reconfiguration of Distribution Networks Using Hybrid Heuristic-Genetic Algorithm

  • Damir Jakus,
  • Rade Čađenović,
  • Josip Vasilj and
  • Petar Sarajčev

26 March 2020

This paper describes the algorithm for optimal distribution network reconfiguration using the combination of a heuristic approach and genetic algorithms. Although similar approaches have been developed so far, they usually had issues with poor conver...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heuristic Optimization Techniques Applied to Power Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
50 Citations
4,467 Views
22 Pages

Dynamic Path Planning of Mobile Robot Based on Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm

  • Lisang Liu,
  • Jingrun Liang,
  • Kaiqi Guo,
  • Chengyang Ke and ,
  • Dongwei He and
  • Jian Chen
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional sparrow search algorithm (SSA) in path planning, such as its high time-consumption, long path length, it being easy to collide with static obstacles and its inability to avoid dynamic obstacles, this pape...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,755 Views
23 Pages

Identification of Ecological Restoration Approaches and Effects Based on the OO-CCDC Algorithm in an Ecologically Fragile Region

  • Caiyong Wei,
  • Xiaojing Xue,
  • Lingwen Tian,
  • Qin Yang and ,
  • Bowen Hou,
  • Wenlong Wang,
  • Dawei Ma,
  • Yuanyuan Meng and
  • Xiangnan Liu
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

14 August 2023

A full understanding of the patterns, trends, and strategies for long-term ecosystem changes helps decision-makers evaluate the effectiveness of ecological restoration projects. This study identified the ecological restoration approaches on planted f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
47 Citations
4,746 Views
14 Pages

26 June 2021

Bat algorithm has disadvantages of slow convergence rate, low convergence precision and weak stability. In this paper, we designed an improved bat algorithm with a logarithmic decreasing strategy and Cauchy disturbance. In order to meet the requireme...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensors and Robotics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
2,901 Views
22 Pages

Structural Damage Identification Based on Convolutional Neural Networks and Improved Hunter–Prey Optimization Algorithm

  • Chunyan Xiang,
  • Jianfeng Gu,
  • Jin Luo,
  • Hao Qu and ,
  • Chang Sun,
  • Wenkun Jia and
  • Feng Wang
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

29 August 2022

Accurate damage identification is of great significance to maintain timely and prevent structural failure. To accurately and quickly identify the structural damage, a novel two-stage approach based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and an improv...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Construction Process Monitoring and Structural Damage Identification for Buildings and Bridges)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,285 Views
18 Pages

An Improved DHA Star and ADA-DWA Fusion Algorithm for Robot Path Planning

  • Yizhe Jia,
  • Yong Cai,
  • Jun Zhou,
  • Hui Hu and ,
  • Xuesheng Ouyang,
  • Jinlong Mo and
  • Hao Dai
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

The advancement of mobile robot technology has made path planning a necessary condition for autonomous navigation, but traditional algorithms have issues with efficiency and reliability in dynamic and unstructured environments. This study proposes a...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensors and Control in Robotics)
  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,190 Views
25 Pages

25 January 2025

Many physical and biological phenomena are characterized by time asymmetry, and are referred to as irreversible. Time-reversal symmetry breaking is in fact the hallmark of systems operating away from equilibrium and reflects the power dissipated by d...

(This article belongs to the Section Entropy Reviews)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,751 Views
24 Pages

Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm with Nelder–Mead Method to Solve Nurse Scheduling Problem

  • Rajeswari Muniyan,
  • Rajakumar Ramalingam,
  • Sultan S. Alshamrani,
  • Durgaprasad Gangodkar and ,
  • Ankur Dumka,
  • Rajesh Singh,
  • Anita Gehlot and
  • Mamoon Rashid
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

25 July 2022

The nurse scheduling problem (NSP) is an NP-Hard combinatorial optimization scheduling problem that allocates a set of shifts to the group of nurses concerning the schedule period subject to the constraints. The objective of the NSP is to create a sc...

(This article belongs to the Section E: Applied Mathematics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,340 Views
23 Pages

Improved Exponential and Cost-Weighted Hybrid Algorithm for Mobile Robot Path Planning

  • Ming Hu,
  • Shuhai Jiang,
  • Kangqian Zhou,
  • Xunan Cao and
  • Cun Li

19 April 2025

The A* algorithm is widely used in mobile robot path planning; however, it faces challenges such as unsmooth planned paths, redundant nodes, and extensive search areas. This paper proposes a hybrid algorithm combining an improved A* algorithm with th...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensors and Robotics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
9,423 Views
17 Pages

Dietary Iron Bioavailability: Agreement between Estimation Methods and Association with Serum Ferritin Concentrations in Women of Childbearing Age

  • Eduardo De Carli,
  • Gisele Cristina Dias,
  • Juliana Massami Morimoto,
  • Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni and
  • Célia Colli

21 May 2018

Predictive iron bioavailability (FeBio) methods aimed at evaluating the association between diet and body iron have been proposed, but few studies explored their validity and practical usefulness in epidemiological studies. In this cross-sectional st...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,388 Views
25 Pages

29 September 2021

The use of distribution-based data representation to handle large-scale scientific datasets is a promising approach. Distribution-based approaches often transform a scientific dataset into many distributions, each of which is calculated from a small...

(This article belongs to the Section Databases and Data Structures)
  • Article
  • Open Access
552 Views
30 Pages

In mobile robot path planning, the conventional A* algorithm often suffers from redundant node expansion and excessive turning points, whereas the Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) is prone to local optima and deviations from the global path in dynamic e...

  • Review
  • Open Access
28 Citations
4,443 Views
24 Pages

Optimized Data-Driven Models for Short-Term Electricity Price Forecasting Based on Signal Decomposition and Clustering Techniques

  • Athanasios Ioannis Arvanitidis,
  • Dimitrios Bargiotas,
  • Dimitrios Kontogiannis,
  • Athanasios Fevgas and
  • Miltiadis Alamaniotis

25 October 2022

In recent decades, the traditional monopolistic energy exchange market has been replaced by deregulated, competitive marketplaces in which electricity may be purchased and sold at market prices like any other commodity. As a result, the deregulation...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,919 Views
18 Pages

An Integrated Approach for Making Inference on the Number of Clusters in a Mixture Model

  • Erlandson Ferreira Saraiva,
  • Adriano Kamimura Suzuki,
  • Luis Aparecido Milan and
  • Carlos Alberto de Bragança Pereira

30 October 2019

This paper presents an integrated approach for the estimation of the parameters of a mixture model in the context of data clustering. The method is designed to estimate the unknown number of clusters from observed data. For this, we marginalize out t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data Science: Measuring Uncertainties)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
8,055 Views
19 Pages

24 April 2014

Traditional object tracking technology usually regards the target as a point source object. However, this approximation is no longer appropriate for tracking extended objects such as large targets and closely spaced group objects. Bayesian extended o...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,422 Views
18 Pages

Analysis of Machine Learning Approaches’ Performance in Prediction Problems with Human Activity Patterns

  • Ricardo Torres-López,
  • David Casillas-Pérez,
  • Jorge Pérez-Aracil,
  • Laura Cornejo-Bueno and ,
  • Enrique Alexandre and
  • Sancho Salcedo-Sanz
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

23 June 2022

Prediction problems in timed datasets related to human activities are especially difficult to solve, because of the specific characteristics and the scarce number of predictive (input) variables available to tackle these problems. In this paper, we t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning and Statistical Modeling with Applications in Real-World Data and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
59 Citations
5,958 Views
29 Pages

An Integrated Geometric Obstacle Avoidance and Genetic Algorithm TSP Model for UAV Path Planning

  • Dipraj Debnath,
  • Fernando Vanegas,
  • Sebastien Boiteau and
  • Felipe Gonzalez

7 July 2024

In this paper, we propose an innovative approach for the path planning of Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that combines an advanced Genetic Algorithm (GA) for optimising missions in advance and a geometrically based obstacle avoidance algorithm (Q...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue UAV Trajectory Generation, Optimization and Cooperative Control)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,359 Views
18 Pages

14 December 2018

The minimum error entropy principle (MEE) is an alternative of the classical least squares for its robustness to non-Gaussian noise. This paper studies the gradient descent algorithm for MEE with a semi-supervised approach and distributed method, and...

(This article belongs to the Section Information Theory, Probability and Statistics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,677 Views
29 Pages

Megapolis as a Symbiosis of Socio-Economic Ecosystems: The Role of Collaboration

  • Tatyana Tolstykh,
  • Leyla Gamidullaeva,
  • Nadezhda Shmeleva,
  • Sergey Gromov and
  • Alexander Ermolenko

In recent years, smart and ecological urbanism and transformations into the new models of city making have become a global mainstream. These are models of the smart city, the eco-city, and the eco-megacity. The article proposes a conceptual approach...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Directions of Open Innovation, and Business Model with Digital Transformation)

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