Nanoscale vacuum channel triodes realize the vacuum-like transmission of electrons in the atmosphere because the transmission distance is less than the mean free path of electrons in air. This new hybrid device is the deep integration of vacuum elect...
Advances in manufacturing technology are allowing for the realization of interaction circuit with microstructures. The capability to produce small circuit structures is allowing new opportunities for vacuum electronic devices producing terahertz (THz...
In this article, the first 237 GHz traveling wave tube (TWT) is presented as a high-power amplifier for the terahertz (THz) cloud radar. As is common with previous G-band traveling wave tubes developed at Beijing Vacuum Electronics Research Institute...
The instability of electron-positron vacuum in strong electric fields is studied. First, falling to the Coulomb center is discussed at
Recent discoveries in the field of nanoscale vacuum channel (NVC) structures have led to potential on-chip electron sources. However, limited research has reported on the structure or material parameters, and the superiority of a nanoscale vacuum cha...
Vacuum electron devices at frequencies of millimeter waves and terahertz play highly important roles in the modern high-data rate and broadband communication system, high-resolution detection and imaging, medical diagnostics, magnetically confined nu...
Practical development of terahertz technology requires higher power radiation sources. The sheet electron beam vacuum device is an effective solution of increasing the output power of terahertz radiation sources, but faces the difficulty of stable tr...
We present experimental results on the deposition of dielectric coatings on metal surfaces by electron-beam evaporation of alumina ceramics in nitrogen and oxygen gas medium at the pressures of 5–30 Pa. The feasibility of implementing this appr...
In various electron-optical and ion-beam devices and vacuum electronics installations, emission elements and units are used to extract and form beams of charged particles. Their focusing properties significantly affect the quality parameters and tech...
In this paper, a compact circular waveguide directional coupler for high-order mode vacuum electronic devices is presented and investigated. To reduce the size, the primary and secondary waveguides of this coupler are connected in an orthogonal way b...
Vacuum electron-beam welding (EBW) was used to join the precipitation-strengthened GH4169 superalloy and a new nickel-based superalloy IC10 to fabricate the turbine blade discs. In this study, a solid solution (1050 °C/2 h for GH4169 and 1150 &de...
The successful transport of a sheet electron beam under the periodic cusped magnet (PCM) focusing at the terahertz frequencies is reported. The sheet beam with a current density of 285 A/cm2 is intended for the developing G-band sheet-beam traveling-...
Al2O3 ceramics are widely used in vacuum electronic devices. However, surface flashover in a vacuum during the application of high voltage significantly influences their reliability and restricts the development of vacuum electronic devices. The seco...
Focused-electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID) is a powerful nanopatterning technique where electrons trigger the local dissociation of precursor molecules, leaving a deposit of non-volatile dissociation products. The fabrication of high-purity gol...
The gyrotron travelling wave tube (gyro-TWT) is an ideal high-power, broadband vacuum electron amplifier in millimeter and sub-millimeter wave bands. It can be applied as the source of the imaging radar to improve the resolution and operating range....
The switching action of the main circuit breaker of the train will produce switching overvoltage. In order to suppress the switching overvoltage, the phase selection control of the circuit breaker is required. However, the mechanical structure of the...
In this study, fore-vacuum plasma electron beam sources were used to deposit a few micron-thick boron coatings on A284 and ZrNb1 alloys and modify their surfaces. The coating deposition rate with a continuous 1 kW electron beam that evaporated the bo...
The redefined vacuum approach, which is frequently employed in the many-body perturbation theory, proved to be a powerful tool for formula derivation. Here, we elaborate this approach within the bound-state QED perturbation theory. In addition to gen...
Field emission (FE) cold-cathodes have some important characteristics, including instant turn-on, room temperature operation, miniaturization, low power consumption, and nonlinearity. As emitters, Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit a high field enhancem...
Scandate cathodes have garnered significant attention for their exceptional low-temperature, high-current-density emission characteristics. However, their widespread deployment in vacuum electronic devices is currently hindered by stringent vacuum re...
We present the experimental results on the fabrication of metal-ceramic coatings by electron-beam evaporation of alumina ceramic and copper powder composites with different fractions of the components (with Cu powder fraction from 0.1 to 20%) pre-sin...
With the development of vacuum electronic devices toward high power, high frequency, and miniaturization, the voltage holdoff capacity of the insulation materials in devices has also been raised to a higher demand. Cr/Mn/Ti-doped Al2O3 ceramics were...
Field emission electron sources in vacuum electronics are largely considered to achieve faster response, higher efficiency and lower energy consumption in comparison with conventional thermionic emitters. Carbon nanotubes had a leading role in renewi...
The paper presents the results of the study of the processes of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of Zr-1%B alloy and its refining by electron beam melting. Experiments on the influence of boron’s amorphous and crystalline modificatio...
The theoretical foundations of relativistic electronic structure theory within quantum electrodynamics (QED) and the computational basis of the atomic structure code GRASP are briefly surveyed. A class of four-component basis set is introduced, which...
We present a systematic review of the basic features that were adopted for different electron models and show, in a brief overview, that, for electromagnetic spinning solitons in nonlinear electrodynamics minimally coupled to gravity (NED-GR), all of...
Carbon nanotube (CNT) cold cathodes are proving to be compelling candidates for miniaturized terahertz (THz) vacuum electronic devices (VEDs) owning to their superior field-emission (FE) characteristics. Here, we report on the development of a multi-...
The results of the research and design of a novel vacuum photosensor with a planar molybdenum blade structure are presented. The advanced prototype implements the principle of an increasing penetrability of the Schottky barrier for the metal–va...
Titanium alloys have been widely used in aerospace engineering due to their excellent mechanical properties, especially their strength-to-weight ratio. In addition, Ti6Al4V (TC4) alloy is the most widely used among α+β alloys. The main three elements...
The carbon nanotube (CNT) cold cathode is an attractive choice for millimeter and terahertz vacuum electronic devices owning to its unique instant switch-on and high emission current density. A novel, dual-gridded, field emission architecture based o...
As solid-state devices continue to advance, vacuum electron devices maintain critical importance due to their superior high-frequency power handling, long-term reliability, and operational efficiency. Among these, traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) excel in...
This paper introduces a deep learning-based methodology for reconstructing particle beam energy spectra from experimental attenuation curves. This task involves solving a classic ill-posed inverse problem for a Fredholm integral equation of the first...
In atomic force microscopes (AFM) a resonantly excited, micro-machined cantilever with a tip is used for sensing surface-related properties. When targeting the integration of AFMs into vacuum environments (e.g., for enhancing the performance of scann...
Polynaphthoylenebenzimidazoles containing functional sulfo groups were synthesized by a one-step method in a sulfuric acid medium with oleum. A polymer-analogous transformation of these polymers with aqueous solutions of metal salts (K, Ca, and Cr) w...
The ~1.5 × 10−20 J which is considered a universal quantity and is associated with the movement of protons in water also relates to the ratio of the magnetic moment of a proton divided by its unit charge, multiplied by viscosity and applied over the...
Random prime numbers are an essential resource for many asymmetric cryptographic protocols. However, despite the emerging popularity of quantum random number generators (QRNGs) as sources of secure randomness, physical prime number generators have no...
A description of the Vacuum Arc Skull Melting (VASM) process is presented showing its particularly complex features because of the mixing of porous raw materials with the dense remelted metal as well as the very high temperature and the highly transi...
Being one of the most high-demand structural materials, titanium has several disadvantages, including low resistance to high-temperature oxidation and wear. The properties of titanium and its alloys can be improved by applying protective intermetalli...
Photodissociation of furan was investigated by photon-induced fluorescence spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation over the photon-energy range of 17–47 eV. Dispersed emission spectra recorded at a higher energy, 62 eV, revealed electronically...
In recent years, ultra-high-strength structural (UHSS) steel in quenched and tempered (Q+T) conditions, for example, S960QL has been found in wider application areas such as structures, cranes, and trucks due to its extraordinary material properties...
Terahertz waves generated by vacuum electron devices have been successfully applied in dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (DNP-NMR) technology to significantly enhance the sensitivity of high-field NMR. To reduce the mag...
The development of graphene structures with controlled edges is greatly desired for understanding heterogeneous electrochemical (EC) transfer and boosting EC applications of graphene-based electrodes. We herein report a facile, scalable, and robust m...
Germanium is an excellent material candidate for various applications, such as field effect transistors and radiation detectors/multijunction solar cells, due to its high carrier mobilities and narrow bandgap, respectively. However, the efficient pas...
Replacing conventional electrode materials is one of the most pressing challenges for next-generation lithium-ion batteries since state-of-the-art systems have almost reached their limitations for performance gains. For anodes, ambitious candidates i...
This paper presents the design of a fuzzy-controller-based ultra-high vacuum pressure control system and its performance evaluation for a sputter-ion vacuum pump used in the electron storage ring at the Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Or...
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyhexafluoropropylene (PHFP) and polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) were heated to their decomposition temperature in a high vacuum. The emitted fragments passed an electron cloud, condensed on a substrate and forme...
Experiments on acceleration of electrons and production of X-ray radiation with use of ceramic piezoelectric transformers installed in vacuum are described and analyzed. The piezoelectric transformer operates at resonance frequency. Electrons are acc...
The China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor vacuum vessel has strict tolerances requirements and a large number of fully penetrated joints in the manufacturing and assembly processes. As the most complicated component of vacuum vessel, port stubs have...
A novel power amplifier unit for a phased array radar with 2 × 2 output ports for a vacuum electron device is proposed. Double parallel connecting microstrip meander-lines are employed as the slow-wave circuits of a large power traveling wave tube op...
A high emission current with relatively low operating voltage is critical for field emission cathodes in vacuum electronic devices (VEDs). This paper studied the field emission performance of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) cold cathodes prepared...
of 30