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Nanomaterials
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Graphene-Based Nanomaterials
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Graphene-Based Nanomaterials

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "2D and Carbon Nanomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 20089

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Nikolaos V. Kantartzis

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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: electromagnetic compatibility; computational electromagnetics; metamaterials/metasurfaces; graphene; nanostructures; antennas; microwave structures; wireless power transfer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Stamatios Amanatiadis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
2. Art Diagnosis Center, Ormylia Foundation, 63071 Ormylia, Chalkidiki, Greece
Interests: graphene analysis; electromagnetic numerical modeling; non-destructive evaluation, material characterization methods; Raman and FTIR spectroscopies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The evolution of two-dimensional materials has been indubitably impressive during the previous decade, mainly due to graphene—the truly planar carbon allotrope with its atoms bonded in a honeycomb lattice. This extraordinary feature enables the unique electronic properties of graphene, such as the ballistic transport, surface plasmon polariton excitation, and non-reciprocal effects. Additionally, graphene-based nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide, are constantly emerging owing to their easy high-quality production and applications in a variety of contemporary fields, including physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine.

The main purpose of this Special Issue is to highlight the recent advances and future perspectives concerning graphene-based nanomaterials, ranging from their chemical structure investigation up to their direct utilization in advanced applications. Specifically, the original research and review articles should discuss one of the following aspects:

  • Novel graphene-based compositions;
  • Improved methods for high-quality production;
  • Techniques for electromagnetic analysis;
  • Advanced feature investigation;
  • Device design and fabrication.

Prof. Dr. Nikolaos V. Kantartzis
Dr. Stamatios Amanatiadis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1606 KiB  
Article
An Electrochemical Sensor Based on Amino Magnetic Nanoparticle-Decorated Graphene for Detection of Cannabidiol
by Yi Zhang, Zongyi You, Chunsheng Hou, Liangliang Liu and Aiping Xiao
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(9), 2227; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11092227 - 29 Aug 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2694
Abstract
For detection of cannabidiol (CBD)—an important ingredient in Cannabis sativa L.—amino magnetic nanoparticle-decorated graphene (Fe3O4-NH2-GN) was prepared in the form of nanocomposites, and then modified on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), resulting in a novel electrochemical sensor [...] Read more.
For detection of cannabidiol (CBD)—an important ingredient in Cannabis sativa L.—amino magnetic nanoparticle-decorated graphene (Fe3O4-NH2-GN) was prepared in the form of nanocomposites, and then modified on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), resulting in a novel electrochemical sensor (Fe3O4-NH2-GN/GCE). The applied Fe3O4-NH2 nanoparticles and GN exhibited typical structures and intended surface groups through characterizations via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Raman spectroscopy. The Fe3O4-NH2-GN/GCE showed the maximum electrochemical signal for CBD during the comparison of fabricated components via the cyclic voltammetry method, and was systematically investigated in the composition and treatment of components, pH, scan rate, and quantitative analysis ability. Under optimal conditions, the Fe3O4-NH2-GN/GCE exhibited a good detection limit (0.04 μmol L−1) with a linear range of 0.1 μmol L−1 to 100 μmol L−1 (r2 = 0.984). In the detection of CBD in the extract of C. sativa leaves, the results of the electrochemical method using the Fe3O4-NH2-GN/GCE were in good agreement with those of the HPLC method. Based on these findings, the proposed sensor could be further developed for the portable and rapid detection of natural active compounds in the food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Graphene-Based Nanomaterials)
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16 pages, 4938 KiB  
Article
Application of Molecular Vapour Deposited Al2O3 for Graphene-Based Biosensor Passivation and Improvements in Graphene Device Homogeneity
by Muhammad Munem Ali, Jacob John Mitchell, Gregory Burwell, Klaudia Rejnhard, Cerys Anne Jenkins, Ehsaneh Daghigh Ahmadi, Sanjiv Sharma and Owen James Guy
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(8), 2121; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11082121 - 20 Aug 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2768
Abstract
Graphene-based point-of-care (PoC) and chemical sensors can be fabricated using photolithographic processes at wafer-scale. However, these approaches are known to leave polymer residues on the graphene surface, which are difficult to remove completely. In addition, graphene growth and transfer processes can introduce defects [...] Read more.
Graphene-based point-of-care (PoC) and chemical sensors can be fabricated using photolithographic processes at wafer-scale. However, these approaches are known to leave polymer residues on the graphene surface, which are difficult to remove completely. In addition, graphene growth and transfer processes can introduce defects into the graphene layer. Both defects and resist contamination can affect the homogeneity of graphene-based PoC sensors, leading to inconsistent device performance and unreliable sensing. Sensor reliability is also affected by the harsh chemical environments used for chemical functionalisation of graphene PoC sensors, which can degrade parts of the sensor device. Therefore, a reliable, wafer-scale method of passivation, which isolates the graphene from the rest of the device, protecting the less robust device features from any aggressive chemicals, must be devised. This work covers the application of molecular vapour deposition technology to create a dielectric passivation film that protects graphene-based biosensing devices from harsh chemicals. We utilise a previously reported “healing effect” of Al2O3 on graphene to reduce photoresist residue from the graphene surface and reduce the prevalence of graphene defects to improve graphene device homogeneity. The improvement in device consistency allows for more reliable, homogeneous graphene devices, that can be fabricated at wafer-scale for sensing and biosensing applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Graphene-Based Nanomaterials)
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14 pages, 4834 KiB  
Article
One-Step Electrodeposition Synthesized Aunps/Mxene/ERGO for Selectivity Nitrite Sensing
by Tan Wang, Cong Wang, Xianbao Xu, Zhen Li and Daoliang Li
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(8), 1892; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11081892 - 23 Jul 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2913
Abstract
In this paper, a new nanocomposite AuNPs/MXene/ERGO was prepared for sensitive electrochemical detection of nitrite. The nanocomposite was prepared by a facile one-step electrodeposition, HAuCl4, GO and MXene mixed in PBS solution with the applied potential of −1.4 V for 600 s. The [...] Read more.
In this paper, a new nanocomposite AuNPs/MXene/ERGO was prepared for sensitive electrochemical detection of nitrite. The nanocomposite was prepared by a facile one-step electrodeposition, HAuCl4, GO and MXene mixed in PBS solution with the applied potential of −1.4 V for 600 s. The modified material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electrochemical behavior of nitrite at the modified electrode was performed by CV and chronoamperometry. The AuNPs/MXene/ERGO/GCE showed a well-defined oxidation peak for nitrite at +0.83 V (Vs. Ag/AgCl) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7). The amperometric responses indicated the sensor had linear ranges of 0.5 to 80 μM and 80 to 780 μM with the LOD (0.15 μM and 0.015 μM) and sensitivity (340.14 and 977.89 μA mM−1 cm−2), respectively. Moreover, the fabricated sensor also showed good selectivity, repeatability, and long-term stability with satisfactory recoveries for a real sample. We also propose the work that needs to be done in the future for material improvements in the conclusion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Graphene-Based Nanomaterials)
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16 pages, 2764 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Silver-Decorated Graphene Oxide Nanohybrids via Pulsed Laser Ablation with Excellent Antimicrobial and Optical Limiting Performance
by Parvathy Nancy, Jiya Jose, Nithin Joy, Sivakumaran Valluvadasan, Reji Philip, Rodolphe Antoine, Sabu Thomas and Nandakumar Kalarikkal
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(4), 880; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11040880 - 30 Mar 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3255
Abstract
The demand for metallic nanoparticle ornamented nanohybrid materials of graphene oxide (GO) finds copious recognition by virtue of its advanced high-tech applications. Far apart from the long-established synthesis protocols, a novel laser-induced generation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) that are anchored onto the [...] Read more.
The demand for metallic nanoparticle ornamented nanohybrid materials of graphene oxide (GO) finds copious recognition by virtue of its advanced high-tech applications. Far apart from the long-established synthesis protocols, a novel laser-induced generation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) that are anchored onto the GO layers by a single-step green method named pulsed laser ablation has been exemplified in this work. The second and third harmonic wavelengths (532 nm and 355 nm) of an Nd:YAG pulsed laser is used for the production of Ag NPs from a bulk solid silver target ablated in an aqueous solution of GO to fabricate colloidal Ag-GO nanohybrid materials. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and TEM validate the optical, structural, and morphological features of the hybrid nanomaterials. The results revealed that the laser-assisted in-situ deposition of Ag NPs on the few-layered GO surface improved its antibacterial properties, in which the hybrid nanostructure synthesized at a longer wavelength exhibited higher antibacterial action resistance to Escherichia coli (E. coli) than Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. Moreover, nonlinear optical absorption (NLA) of Ag-GO nanohybrid was measured using the open aperture Z-scan technique. The Z-scan results signify the NLA properties of the Ag-GO hybrid material and have a large decline in transmittance of more than 60%, which can be employed as a promising optical limiting (OL) material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Graphene-Based Nanomaterials)
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8 pages, 3328 KiB  
Article
High Gain and Broadband Absorption Graphene Photodetector Decorated with Bi2Te3 Nanowires
by Tae Jin Yoo, Wan Sik Kim, Kyoung Eun Chang, Cihyun Kim, Min Gyu Kwon, Ji Young Jo and Byoung Hun Lee
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(3), 755; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030755 - 17 Mar 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2927
Abstract
A graphene photodetector decorated with Bi2Te3 nanowires (NWs) with a high gain of up to 3 × 104 and wide bandwidth window (400–2200 nm) has been demonstrated. The photoconductive gain was improved by two orders of magnitude compared to [...] Read more.
A graphene photodetector decorated with Bi2Te3 nanowires (NWs) with a high gain of up to 3 × 104 and wide bandwidth window (400–2200 nm) has been demonstrated. The photoconductive gain was improved by two orders of magnitude compared to the gain of a photodetector using a graphene/Bi2Te3 nanoplate junction. Additionally, the position of photocurrent generation was investigated at the graphene/Bi2Te3 NWs junction. Eventually, with low bandgap Bi2Te3 NWs and a graphene junction, the photoresponsivity improved by 200% at 2200 nm (~0.09 mA/W). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Graphene-Based Nanomaterials)
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13 pages, 4303 KiB  
Article
Edge-Rich Interconnected Graphene Mesh Electrode with High Electrochemical Reactivity Applicable for Glucose Detection
by Van Viet Tran, Duc Dung Nguyen, Mario Hofmann, Ya-Ping Hsieh, Hung-Chih Kan and Chia-Chen Hsu
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(2), 511; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020511 - 17 Feb 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2282
Abstract
The development of graphene structures with controlled edges is greatly desired for understanding heterogeneous electrochemical (EC) transfer and boosting EC applications of graphene-based electrodes. We herein report a facile, scalable, and robust method to produce graphene mesh (GM) electrodes with tailorable edge lengths. [...] Read more.
The development of graphene structures with controlled edges is greatly desired for understanding heterogeneous electrochemical (EC) transfer and boosting EC applications of graphene-based electrodes. We herein report a facile, scalable, and robust method to produce graphene mesh (GM) electrodes with tailorable edge lengths. Specifically, the GMs were fabricated at 850 °C under a vacuum level of 0.6 Pa using catalytic nickel templates obtained based on a crack lithography. As the edge lengths of the GM electrodes increased from 5.48 to 24.04 m, their electron transfer rates linearly increased from 0.08 to 0.16 cm∙s−1, which are considerably greater than that (0.056 ± 0.007 cm∙s−1) of basal graphene structures (defined as zero edge length electrodes). To illustrate the EC sensing potentiality of the GM, a high-sensitivity glucose detection was conducted on the graphene/Ni hybrid mesh with the longest edge length. At a detection potential of 0.6 V, the edge-rich graphene/Ni hybrid mesh sensor exhibited a wide linear response range from 10.0 μM to 2.5 mM with a limit of detection of 1.8 μM and a high sensitivity of 1118.9 μA∙mM−1∙cm−2. Our findings suggest that edge-rich GMs can be valuable platforms in various graphene applications such as graphene-based EC sensors with controlled and improved performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Graphene-Based Nanomaterials)
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17 pages, 4747 KiB  
Article
The Magnetization of a Composite Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Polystyrene
by Alexander N. Ionov, Mikhail P. Volkov, Marianna N. Nikolaeva, Ruslan Y. Smyslov and Alexander N. Bugrov
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(2), 403; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020403 - 5 Feb 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2130
Abstract
The use of reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) is a promising way of fabricating organic–inorganic composites with unique electrical and magnetic properties. In our work, polystyrene/r-GO composites were synthesized, in which both the components are linked together by covalent bonds. The r-GO used differs [...] Read more.
The use of reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) is a promising way of fabricating organic–inorganic composites with unique electrical and magnetic properties. In our work, polystyrene/r-GO composites were synthesized, in which both the components are linked together by covalent bonds. The r-GO used differs from the graphene obtained from graphite through mechanical exfoliation using the ‘scotch tape’ by presenting many structural defects. Binding in the composite structure between the components was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Elemental analysis was carried out by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy were used to monitor the 2D-order in exfoliated r-GO galleries. Using a vibrating-sample magnetometer, we have shown that the composite magnetization loops demonstrate type-II superconductivity up to room temperature due to r-GO flakes. We believe that a strain field in the r-GO flakes covalently binding to a polymeric matrix is responsible for the superconductivity phenomena. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Graphene-Based Nanomaterials)
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