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Batteries
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Anodes for High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries
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Anodes for High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries

A special issue of Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105). This special issue belongs to the section "Battery Materials and Interfaces: Anode, Cathode, Separators and Electrolytes or Others".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 April 2023) | Viewed by 24044

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Dong Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
Interests: Li-Ion Batteries

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have witnessed increasing attention due to their acceptable cost, robust electrochemical performance, and environmental compatibility. With the increasing application of LIBs in electric vehicles and renewable energy storage grids, high energy density battery systems are urgently required. However, its energy density is limited by the electrode materials (especially for anode materials). Therefore, to realize high energy density LIBs, advanced anode materials with high specific capacity and stable electrochemical performance are highly desirable.

In this Special Issue, we are looking for contributions helping to develop advanced anode materials for high energy density LIBs, including carbon-based anodes, alloy-type anodes (e.g., Si, Sn), metal compound anodes, and organic anode materials. In addition, the development of novel binders for high-capacity anode materials is also welcomed. This Special Issue is intended to bring the latest updates and future prospects of advanced anode materials in LIBs.

Dr. Dong Liu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Li-ion battery
  • anode materials
  • electrode design and preparation
  • high energy density
  • long cycle life
  • high-rate capability
  • advanced materials structures
  • novel binders for anode materials

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 43465 KiB  
Article
Effect of Graphite Morphology on the Electrochemical and Mechanical Properties of SiOx/Graphite Composite Anode
by Chenyang Wang, Tianyi Ma, Xingge Liu, Zhi Liu, Zenghua Chang and Jing Pang
Batteries 2023, 9(2), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9020078 - 24 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3591
Abstract
Mixing SiOx materials with graphite materials has become a key technology to improve their performance, but it is still unclear what kind of graphite materials help to construct a stable electrode structure. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect [...] Read more.
Mixing SiOx materials with graphite materials has become a key technology to improve their performance, but it is still unclear what kind of graphite materials help to construct a stable electrode structure. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of graphite morphology on the structure and performance of SiOx/C composite electrodes (850 mAh g−1). For the SiOx/C59 composite electrode constructed by the lamellar graphite (C59) with a big aspect ratio and SiOx particles, the SiOx particles agglomerate in the pores of C59 particles. This uneven electrode structure could lead to excessive stress and strain of the electrode during cycling, which causes the anode electrode structure failure and cycling performance deterioration. While the small-size lamellar graphite (SFG15) with random orientation helps to construct stable electrode structure with uniform particle distribution and pore structure, which could reduce the stress and strain change of the electrode during cycling. Thus, the composite electrode (SiOx/SFG15) exhibits better cycling performance compared with SiOx/C59 composite electrode. This work reveals the structure-activity relationship of graphite morphology, electrode structure and the mechanical and electrochemical performance of the electrode, and provides a guide to the design and development of the high capacity SiOx/C composite electrode structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anodes for High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries)
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20 pages, 4431 KiB  
Article
High-Performance Anodes Made of Metallic Lithium Layers and Lithiated Silicon Layers Prepared by Vacuum Technologies
by Stefan Saager, Ludwig Decker, Torsten Kopte, Bert Scheffel and Burkhard Zimmermann
Batteries 2023, 9(2), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9020075 - 22 Jan 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3867
Abstract
Replacing conventional electrode materials is one of the most pressing challenges for next-generation lithium-ion batteries since state-of-the-art systems have almost reached their limitations for performance gains. For anodes, ambitious candidates include lithium and silicon because of their extremely high capacity. In this paper, [...] Read more.
Replacing conventional electrode materials is one of the most pressing challenges for next-generation lithium-ion batteries since state-of-the-art systems have almost reached their limitations for performance gains. For anodes, ambitious candidates include lithium and silicon because of their extremely high capacity. In this paper, a physical vapor deposition process for the preparation of pure metallic lithium layers and lithiated silicon layers in the layer thickness range of 1–20 µm is demonstrated. The lithium layers were deposited by thermal evaporation. Static coating rates up to 120 nm/s and dynamic deposition rates up to 1 µm·m/min were realized. Furthermore, the deposition of lithiated silicon alloy layers with various compositions was performed via the co-evaporation of lithium and silicon, where silicon was evaporated by an electron beam. The process was characterized regarding the deposition rate, heat loads, and effects of substrate pre-treatment. To achieve a porous microstructure, the layer morphology needed to be manipulated by adapting process parameters. Stripping experiments revealed high electrochemical activity of the lithium up to 85 %. The innovative approach carried out via vacuum processing showed capabilities for overcoming the current bottlenecks experienced with high-capacity anode materials in combination with the potential for upscaling to high throughput production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anodes for High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries)
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Graphical abstract

15 pages, 2209 KiB  
Article
Improving Cycle Life of Silicon-Dominant Anodes Based on Microscale Silicon Particles under Partial Lithiation
by Stefan Haufe, Johanna Ranninger, Rebecca Bernhard, Irmgard Buchberger and Eckhard Hanelt
Batteries 2023, 9(1), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9010058 - 13 Jan 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4713
Abstract
Using only parts of the maximum capacity of silicon microparticles in a lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode represents a promising material concept. The high capacity, better rate capability compared with graphite and accessibility on an industrial scale, as well as its attractive cost make [...] Read more.
Using only parts of the maximum capacity of silicon microparticles in a lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode represents a promising material concept. The high capacity, better rate capability compared with graphite and accessibility on an industrial scale, as well as its attractive cost make microsilicon an ideal choice for the next generation anode material. However, currently the cycle life of LIBs using silicon particles in the anode is limited due to drastic volume change of Si during lithiation and delithiation. Continuous formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the associated lithium loss are the main failure mechanisms, while particle decoupling from the conductive network plays a role mainly during operation at low discharge voltages. The present study discusses approaches on the material- and cell-level to enhance cycle performance of partially lithiated silicon microparticle-based full cells by addressing the previously described failure mechanisms. Reducing the surface area of the silicon particles and coating their surface with carbon to improve the electronic contact, as well as prelithiation to compensate for lithium losses have proven to be the most promising approaches. The advantageous combination of these routes resulted in a significant increase in cycling stability exceeding 600 cycles with 80% capacity retention at an initial capacity of about 1000 mAh g−1 at anode level, compared to only about 250 cycles for the non-optimized full cell. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anodes for High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries)
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12 pages, 5772 KiB  
Article
Enhanced High-Rate Capability of Iodide-Doped Li4Ti5O12 as an Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Lukman Noerochim, Rachmad Sulaksono Prabowo, Widyastuti Widyastuti, Diah Susanti, Achmad Subhan and Nurul Hayati Idris
Batteries 2023, 9(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9010038 - 5 Jan 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2958
Abstract
Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is an alternative anode material to substitute commercial graphite for lithium-ion batteries due to its superior long cycle life, small volume change (zero strain), good thermal stability, and relatively high power. In this work, iodide-doped LTO [...] Read more.
Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is an alternative anode material to substitute commercial graphite for lithium-ion batteries due to its superior long cycle life, small volume change (zero strain), good thermal stability, and relatively high power. In this work, iodide-doped LTO is prepared by solid-state reaction method via ball milling method and subsequently calcined at 750 °C for 10 h in air atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of iodide-doped LTO reveals the spinel cubic structure without any impurities detected. The 0.2 mol lithium iodide-doped LTO shows enhanced high-rate capability with a specific discharge capacity of 123.31 mAh g−1 at 15 C. The long cyclic performance of 0.2 mol lithium iodide-doped LTO delivers a specific discharge capacity of 171.19 mAh g−1 at 1 C with a capacity retention of 99.15% after 100 cycles. It shows that the iodide-doped LTO is a promising strategy for preparing a high electrochemical performance of LTO for the anode of lithium-ion batteries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anodes for High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries)
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13 pages, 2105 KiB  
Article
Water-Soluble Conductive Composite Binder for High-Performance Silicon Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Zikai Li, Anru Guo and Dong Liu
Batteries 2022, 8(6), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8060054 - 4 Jun 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 7901
Abstract
The design of novel and high-performance binder systems is an efficient strategy to resolve the issues caused by huge volume changes of high-capacity anodes. Herein, we develop a novel water-soluble bifunctional binder composed of a conductive polythiophene polymer (PED) and high-adhesive polyacrylic acid [...] Read more.
The design of novel and high-performance binder systems is an efficient strategy to resolve the issues caused by huge volume changes of high-capacity anodes. Herein, we develop a novel water-soluble bifunctional binder composed of a conductive polythiophene polymer (PED) and high-adhesive polyacrylic acid (PAA) with abundant polar groups. Compared with conventional conductive additives, the flexible conductive polymer can solve the insufficient electrical contact between active materials and the conductive agent, thus providing the integral conductive network, which is extremely important for stable electrochemical performance. Additionally, the polar groups of this composite binder can form double H-bond interactions with the hydroxyl groups of SiO2 layers onto the silicon surface, keeping an integral electrode structure, which can decrease the continuous formation of SEI films during the repeated cycles. Benefiting from these bifunctional advantages, the Si electrodes with the composite binder delivered a high reversible capacity of 2341 mAh g−1 at 1260 mA g−1, good cycle stability with 88.8% retention of the initial reversible capacity over 100 cycles, and high-rate capacity (1150 mAh g−1 at 4200 mA g−1). This work opens up a new venture to develop multifunctional binders to enable the stable operation of high-capacity anodes for high-energy batteries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anodes for High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries)
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