Journal Description
Ceramics
Ceramics
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of ceramics science and engineering, published quarterly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web of Science), and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Materials Science, Ceramics) / CiteScore - Q2 (Materials Science (miscellaneous))
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 25.2 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
2.7 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.1 (2023)
Latest Articles
A Simple Methodology to Gain Insights into the Physical and Compositional Features of Ternary and Quaternary Compounds Based on the Weight Percentages of Their Constituent Elements: A Proof of Principle Using Conventional EDX Characterizations
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1275-1300; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030085 (registering DOI) - 21 Sep 2024
Abstract
►
Show Figures
Ternary and quaternary compounds offer vast potential for tailoring material properties through compositional adjustments and complex interactions among their constituent elements. However, many of their compositional possibilities still need to be investigated. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) is crucial for determining elemental composition but
[...] Read more.
Ternary and quaternary compounds offer vast potential for tailoring material properties through compositional adjustments and complex interactions among their constituent elements. However, many of their compositional possibilities still need to be investigated. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) is crucial for determining elemental composition but is inadequate for identifying chemical bonds and physical properties. This work introduces a novel methodology using a stoichiometric deviation vector (SDV) to estimate the physical and compositional feature characteristics of Si, N, and O compounds by comparing actual molar ratios with ideal stoichiometric references. We validated this method by estimating Si-O bonds in silicon oxynitride samples, demonstrating strong agreement with FTIR and refractive index results. We also extended our proof of principle for SiAlON compounds and established an adaptable procedure to analyze compounds with more than three elements. This flexible methodology will significantly value the materials research community, providing valuable compositional features and physical insights by performing elemental EDX characterizations.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Experiments on High-Temperature Irradiation of Li2ZrO3/MgLi2ZrO4 Ceramics by He2+ Ions
by
Dmitriy I. Shlimas, Ainagul A. Khametova, Artem L. Kozlovskiy and Maxim V. Zdorovets
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1260-1274; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030084 - 18 Sep 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
The key objective of this study is to determine the effect of interphase boundaries, the formation of which is caused by the variation of Li2ZrO3/MgLi2ZrO4 phases in lithium-containing ceramics based on lithium metazirconate, on the resistance
[...] Read more.
The key objective of this study is to determine the effect of interphase boundaries, the formation of which is caused by the variation of Li2ZrO3/MgLi2ZrO4 phases in lithium-containing ceramics based on lithium metazirconate, on the resistance to near-surface layer destruction processes associated with irradiation with He2+ ions. During the observation of the deformation effects that have an adverse impact on the volumetric swelling of the near-surface layers of ceramics, the thermal expansion factor caused by high-temperature irradiation was considered, simulating conditions as close as possible to the operating conditions of these materials as blankets for tritium propagation. During the studies conducted, it was established that an elevation in the contribution of MgLi2ZrO4 in the composition of ceramics leads to a rise in resistance to deformation swelling caused by structural distortions of the crystal lattice, due to a decrease in the effect of thermal expansion, alongside the presence of interphase boundaries. The established dependencies of the change in the hardness of the near-surface layer of the studied ceramics made it possible to establish the kinetics of softening caused by the deformation distortion of the crystalline structure, as well as to determine the relationship between volumetric swelling and softening (change in hardness) and a decrease in crack resistance (change in the value of resistance to single compression).
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Effect of Inorganic Anions on the Structure of Alkali-Activated Blast Furnace Slag
by
Dominika Świszcz, Mateusz Marzec, Włodzimierz Mozgawa and Magdalena Król
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1247-1259; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030083 - 17 Sep 2024
Abstract
Analyzing the effect of anions on the structure of geopolymers is crucial because anions can significantly influence the material’s chemical stability, mechanical properties, and long-term durability. Understanding these effects helps optimize geopolymer compositions for various applications, such as construction materials and waste encapsulation.
[...] Read more.
Analyzing the effect of anions on the structure of geopolymers is crucial because anions can significantly influence the material’s chemical stability, mechanical properties, and long-term durability. Understanding these effects helps optimize geopolymer compositions for various applications, such as construction materials and waste encapsulation. This research report describes the effects of nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate anions on alkali-activated blast furnace slag’s structural integrity and properties. Advanced techniques like XRD, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS have been employed to analyze structural modifications caused by anions, providing insights into their interactions and effects. These anions generally decrease compressive strength by disrupting geopolymerization and altering microstructure. For example, sulfate ions lead to the formation of ettringite, while phosphate ions bind calcium into separate phases. We can also observe microstructural changes, such as increased porosity with phosphate, which significantly reduces strength. Nitrate’s effect is less detrimental but still influences the overall structural dynamics.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ceramics, 2nd Edition)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
The Effect of a Dual Cure Activator on Self-Adhesive Resin Cements and Zirconia Shear Bond Strength
by
Phalat Akrawatcharawittaya, Tool Sriamporn, Suchada Vuddhakanok, Niyom Thamrongananskul and Awiruth Klaisiri
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1237-1246; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030082 - 15 Sep 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
This study examines the impact of a dual cure activator (DCA) when applied in combination with self-adhesive resin cements on the zirconia. Sixty zirconia were prepared in compliance with the manufacturer’s directions. The specimens were randomly assigned to each group under the dark
[...] Read more.
This study examines the impact of a dual cure activator (DCA) when applied in combination with self-adhesive resin cements on the zirconia. Sixty zirconia were prepared in compliance with the manufacturer’s directions. The specimens were randomly assigned to each group under the dark condition, following DCA and self-adhesive resin cements [RelyX universal resin cement (RXS); Maxcem elite chroma (MAC); Panavia SA cement multi (PSM)]; group 1, RXS; group 2, MAC; group 3, PSM; group 4, DCA + RXS; group 5, DCA + MAC; and group 6, DCA + PSM. The resin composite was fixed to the zirconia, surface-treated, and maintained in a dark container for 30 min. The specimens were kept in an incubator at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius for 24 h. The universal testing device was employed to compute the shear bond strength (SBS). A stereomicroscope was used to analyze the fractured types. The data were analyzed employing the one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Group 2 had the lowest SBS (4.93 ± 0.53 MPa). Group 1 (11.17 ± 0.86 MPa) and group 3 (11.48 ± 1.17 MPa) were not significantly different in SBS. Group 6 (15.61 ± 0.68 MPa) had the highest SBS but was not significantly different from group 4 (15.45 ± 1.20 MPa). The findings show that treating the zirconia surface with DCA before using the self-curing mode of self-adhesive resin cements is the best way to improve the bond between the zirconia and resin cement.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Study on Microwave Dielectric Materials an Adjustable Temperature Drift Coefficient and a High Dielectric Constant
by
Yuan-Bin Chen, Yu Fan, Shiuan-Ho Chang and Shaobing Shen
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1227-1236; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030081 - 13 Sep 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
This paper reports the dielectric characterizations of (Ca0.95Sr0.05)(Ti1−xSnx)O3 ceramics prepared using a solid-state reaction method with various x values. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy analyses showed that the crystal structure of these pure samples was orthorhombic
[...] Read more.
This paper reports the dielectric characterizations of (Ca0.95Sr0.05)(Ti1−xSnx)O3 ceramics prepared using a solid-state reaction method with various x values. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy analyses showed that the crystal structure of these pure samples was orthorhombic perovskite. With increasing Sn4+ content, the lattice constant and unit cell volume increased, while the dielectric constant decreased because of the ionic polarizability decreasing. Moreover, a maximum Q × f value of 5242 (GHz), a dielectric constant (εr) of 91.23, and a temperature coefficient (τf) of +810 ppm/°C were achieved for samples sintered at 1350 °C for 4 h. The microwave dielectric characterization was found to be strongly correlated with the sintering temperature, and the best performance was achieved for the sample sintered at 1350 °C. (Ca0.95Sr0.05)(Ti1−xSnx)O3 possesses a promising potential to be a τf compensator for a near-zero τf dielectric ceramic applied in wireless communication systems.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Ceramic Stereolithography of Li7La3Zr2O12 Micro-Embossed Sheets for Solid Electrolyte Applications
by
Fiona Spirrett, Ayaka Oi and Soshu Kirihara
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1218-1226; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030080 - 12 Sep 2024
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have significantly advanced portable electronics, yet their reliance on flammable organic solvents and lithium dendrite formation pose safety risks. Solid-state batteries (SSBs), utilizing solid electrolytes, offer a safer alternative with higher energy and power densities. This study explores the fabrication
[...] Read more.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have significantly advanced portable electronics, yet their reliance on flammable organic solvents and lithium dendrite formation pose safety risks. Solid-state batteries (SSBs), utilizing solid electrolytes, offer a safer alternative with higher energy and power densities. This study explores the fabrication of solid electrolytes using ceramic stereolithography, focusing on lithium lanthanum zirconate (LLZ) due to its high ionic conductivity and chemical stability. A photosensitive paste containing 40–43 vol% LLZ was suitable for processing by stereolithography, and optimized processing parameters of 100 mW laser power and 1000 mm/s laser scanning speed with a 50 μm laser spot size were identified for sufficient material curing and interlayer lamination of LLZ. Thin embossed sheets were designed to enhance ion exchange and reduce internal resistance and were fabricated by the ceramic stereolithography method. The effect of cold isostatic pressing (CIP) on the sintered microstructure was investigated, and the potential for CIP to promote solid-phase diffusion during sintering was demonstrated, particularly at 67 MPa. The resulting LLZ-embossed sheets exhibited dense ceramic microstructures. These findings support the potential application of ceramic stereolithography for fabricating efficient solid electrolytes for next-generation telecommunications and mobile devices.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ceramics, 2nd Edition)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Effect of Prosthetic Material and Support Type on Stress Distribution of Fixed Partial Dentures: A Finite Element Study
by
Jelena Eric, Ljiljana Bjelovic, Igor Radovic, Jelena Krunic, Aleksandra Milic-Lemic, Nidhi Gupta and Kamran Ali
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1204-1217; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030079 - 8 Sep 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Choosing an appropriate prosthetic material for the superstructure of an implant-supported or tooth-implant supported fixed partial denture (FPD) is crucial for the success of the prostheses. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of prosthetic material type and tooth-to-implant support
[...] Read more.
Choosing an appropriate prosthetic material for the superstructure of an implant-supported or tooth-implant supported fixed partial denture (FPD) is crucial for the success of the prostheses. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of prosthetic material type and tooth-to-implant support on stress distribution of FPDs using three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA). Two FEA models were generated, distinguished by their support configurations: Model I representing an FPD supported by implants, and Model II depicting an FPD supported by both a tooth and an implant. Two different restorative materials, porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) and monolithic zirconia, were evaluated for stress distribution under axial and oblique loads of 300 N applied to the pontic. Under both axial and oblique loading conditions, the maximum von Mises stress values were observed to be higher in the implant-abutment complex of both zirconia implant-supported and tooth-implant-supported FPDs compared to PFM FPDs. In the case of axial loading, comparable stress values were found in the cortical bone for PFM (12.65 MPa) and zirconia implant-supported FPDs (12.71 MPa). The zirconia tooth-implant-supported FPD exhibited the highest stress values in the implant-abutment system.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of Crystalline and Liquid MgO
by
Anatoly S. Arkhipin, Alexander Pisch, Irina A. Uspenskaya and Noël Jakse
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1187-1203; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030078 - 4 Sep 2024
Abstract
Classical (MD) and ab initio (AIMD) molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the fundamental properties of solid and liquid MgO. AIMD was performed by DFT using the Strongly Conditioned and Appropriately Normed (SCAN) exchange correlation functional. The obtained pair-correlation functions of liquid
[...] Read more.
Classical (MD) and ab initio (AIMD) molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the fundamental properties of solid and liquid MgO. AIMD was performed by DFT using the Strongly Conditioned and Appropriately Normed (SCAN) exchange correlation functional. The obtained pair-correlation functions of liquid MgO were used as reference data for the optimization of parameters of classical MD. For the latter, a Born–Mayer–Huggins (BMH) potential was applied, and parameters were adjusted until a best fit of both structural properties was obtained by AIMD and physical properties by experimental data. Different structural, dynamic and thermodynamic properties of solid and liquid MgO were then calculated by classical MD and compared with the literature data. Good agreement was found for the Mg-O bond length, self-diffusion coefficients, density of liquid MgO and for heat content and density of crystalline MgO. Using a void-melting approach, the melting temperature of MgO was found as 3295 ± 30 K, which is in good agreement with the recent experimental work by Ronchi et al. (3250 ± 20 K). The optimized parameters of BMH potential describe well the structural, dynamic and thermodynamic properties of solid and liquid MgO and may be combined with our previous results of a CaO-Al2O3-TiO2 system to calculate the properties of a quaternary CaO-MgO-Al2O3-TiO2 system.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ceramics, 2nd Edition)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Effect of (Ba1/3Nb2/3)4+ Substitution on Microstructure, Bonding Properties and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ce2Zr3(MoO4)9 Ceramics
by
Huamin Gao, Xiangyu Xu, Xinwei Liu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Mingling Li, Jialun Du and Haitao Wu
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1172-1186; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030077 - 29 Aug 2024
Abstract
In this study, Ce2[Zr1−x(Ba1/3Nb2/3)x]3(MoO4)9 (0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.1, CZ1−xNx) ceramics were sintered at 600 °C and 700 °C using the traditional
[...] Read more.
In this study, Ce2[Zr1−x(Ba1/3Nb2/3)x]3(MoO4)9 (0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.1, CZ1−xNx) ceramics were sintered at 600 °C and 700 °C using the traditional solid-state method. An analysis conducted through XRD and Rietveld refinement confirmed that all the CZ1−xNx ceramics displayed a single phase with a trigonal structure (space group R-3c). The observed increases in cell volume with increasing x values indicate the successful substitution of (Ba1/3Nb2/3)4+. The high densification of the synthesized phase was validated by the density and SEM results. Additionally, the P-V-L theory demonstrates a strong correlation between the Ce-O bond and εr, as well as τf, and between the Mo-O bond and Q×f. Notably, the CZ0.98N0.02 ceramics demonstrated superior performance at 675 °C, exhibiting εr = 10.41, Q×f = 53,296 GHz, and τf = −23.45 ppm/°C. Finally, leveraging CZ0.98N0.02 ceramics as substrate materials enabled the design of a patch antenna suitable for the 5G communication band, demonstrating its significant potential in this field.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Electronic Ceramics)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Rheological Behavior of an Algerian Natural Kaolin: Effect of Dispersant
by
Fouzia Chargui, Mohamed Hamidouche, Rachid Louahdi and Gilbert Fantozzi
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1159-1171; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030076 - 29 Aug 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
This work presents the study of the rheology ical behavior of Algerian kaolin (DD1) suspensions considering two types of electro-steric dispersants (Hypermer KD1 and Darvan 7) and the evaluation of their effectiveness at neutral pH. The results showed that Darvan 7 exhibits electro-steric
[...] Read more.
This work presents the study of the rheology ical behavior of Algerian kaolin (DD1) suspensions considering two types of electro-steric dispersants (Hypermer KD1 and Darvan 7) and the evaluation of their effectiveness at neutral pH. The results showed that Darvan 7 exhibits electro-steric behavior at neutral pH, whereas KD1 exhibits purely steric behavior. The addition of a dispersant strongly influenced the rheological behavior of kaolin suspensions. The DD1 suspensions without dispersant exhibited fluidifying plastic behavior (Casson model). The shear stresses decreased significantly with the addition of dispersant, while the significant decrease in viscosity indicated that the dispersant reduced the strength of the particle networks that make up the slurry. The suspensions with 1 wt.% dispersant were consistent with the Bingham model, with a very low yield point. The viscosity of the dispersion reached a minimum when the concentration of the dispersant was 1 wt.%. This value was lower with Darvan 7. The addition of aluminum slag as a source of alumina to KD1 increased its efficiency and lowered the viscosity of the kaolin suspensions.
Full article
Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
Innovative Thin PiG Plates Boost the Luminous Efficacy and Reliability of WLEDs for Vehicles
by
Hong-Wei Huang, Chien-Wei Huang, Yi-Chian Chen, Wei-Chih Cheng, Chun-Nien Liu and Chia-Chin Chiang
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1147-1158; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030075 - 26 Aug 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
In this study, we demonstrate the high luminous efficacy of 118 lm/W and the high reliability of white LEDs (WLEDs) through 450 °C thermal aging, utilizing four-inch YAG: Ce3+ phosphor-in-glass (PiG) plates designed for vehicle headlights. The sintering process of mixing glass
[...] Read more.
In this study, we demonstrate the high luminous efficacy of 118 lm/W and the high reliability of white LEDs (WLEDs) through 450 °C thermal aging, utilizing four-inch YAG: Ce3+ phosphor-in-glass (PiG) plates designed for vehicle headlights. The sintering process of mixing glass and phosphor typically generates pores, which can scatter light and reduce the luminous efficacy of the fabricated PiG. In this study, we produced four-inch PiG plates under four different fabrication conditions to evaluate their luminous efficacy. Our results revealed that the PiG plate with a thin thickness of 0.08 mm exhibited a 16.83% increase in luminous efficacy compared to the 0.15 mm plate, attributed to reduced light interaction with the pores. Unlike silicone-based phosphor WLEDs, which offer high performance but lower reliability due to the silicone resin’s low transition temperature (150 °C), our novel thin PiG plate achieves high performance and reliability. This advancement suggests that the proposed thin PiG plate could replace traditional silicone-based phosphors, enabling the development of high-quality WLEDs for vehicle headlights in automotive applications.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Bioceramic Cements: An In Vitro Study
by
Alejandra Alvarado-Orozco, Louis Hardan, Rim Bourgi, Ana Josefina Monjarás-Ávila, Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez, Laura Emma Rodríguez-Vilchis, Antoun Farrayeh, Blanca Irma Flores-Ferreyra, Rosalía Contreras-Bulnes, Youssef Haikel and Naji Kharouf
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1137-1146; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030074 - 23 Aug 2024
Abstract
Bioceramic endodontic cements, known for their antibacterial properties, calcium ion release, and alkaline pH, may come into contact with various irrigants after furcal perforation repair. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigating solutions and setting times on the shear bond
[...] Read more.
Bioceramic endodontic cements, known for their antibacterial properties, calcium ion release, and alkaline pH, may come into contact with various irrigants after furcal perforation repair. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigating solutions and setting times on the shear bond strength (SBS) of Biodentine® (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses Cedex, France) to a self-adhering flowable composite. Sixty Biodentine® (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses Cedex, France) blocks were prepared and divided into two groups based on the setting time: 72 h and 7 days. These were further subdivided into five subgroups based on the irrigation solution applied: distilled water, sodium hypochlorite, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, chlorhexidine, and phosphoric acid. They were then restored with Dyad FlowTM (KerrTM, Orange, CA, USA). SBS and failure modes were assessed at 24 h and 6 months. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed to analyze the effect of the different irrigating solutions and setting times on the SBS of Biodentine® (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses Cedex, France) and Dyad FlowTM (KerrTM, Orange, CA, USA). The level of significance was set at a ≤0.05. At 24 h, SBS was significantly influenced by both the irrigant solution (p = 0.029) and setting time (p = 0.018); at 6 months, SBS was influenced only by the irrigating solutions (p < 0.001). The predominant mode of bond failure was adhesive across all groups. In conclusion, while the setting time did not affect the bond strength, certain irrigating solutions reduced it. Thus, careful consideration of surface treatments applied to Biodentine® is crucial for successful endodontic and restorative outcomes.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ceramics, 2nd Edition)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Non-Uniform Drying Shrinkage in Robocasted Green Body Ceramic Products
by
Nicolas Lauro, Arnaud Alzina, Benoit Nait-Ali and David S. Smith
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1122-1136; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030073 - 22 Aug 2024
Abstract
The formation of defects, due to drying, in robocasted ceramic objects is an important issue arising from non-uniform shrinkage of the material during this step in the process. Common methods for shrinkage measurement are not well suited to the small size of robocasted
[...] Read more.
The formation of defects, due to drying, in robocasted ceramic objects is an important issue arising from non-uniform shrinkage of the material during this step in the process. Common methods for shrinkage measurement are not well suited to the small size of robocasted cords or the complexity of robocasted objects. Innovative methods for shrinkage measurement were developed using non-destructive optical vision techniques with computer-controlled data acquisition, allowing measurement on millimetric cords and on specific zones of a product. The study of a single porcelain cord revealed an anisometric shrinkage related to the orientation of grains during extrusion. A differential shrinkage at the macroscopic scale was also measured on a robocasted object, indicating a moisture content gradient in the material. The methods presented in this paper are of particular relevance to real-time control of the drying process for robocasted objects.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Manufacturing Processes of Silicate Materials)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Insights for Precursors Influence on the Solar-Assisted Photocatalysis of Greenly Synthesizing Zinc Oxide NPs towards Fast and Durable Wastewater Detoxification
by
Amr A. Essawy, Modather F. Hussein, Tamer H. A. Hasanin, Emam F. El Agammy, Hissah S. Alsaykhan, Rakan F. Alanazyi and Abd El-Naby I. Essawy
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1100-1121; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030072 - 19 Aug 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Herein, this study has examined the influence of Zn2+ sources during a biogenic-mediated pathway to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles with highly desirable solar-responsive catalytic properties. Salts of nitrate, acetate and chloride have been utilized. The ZnO powders underwent characterization using diverse analytical tools,
[...] Read more.
Herein, this study has examined the influence of Zn2+ sources during a biogenic-mediated pathway to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles with highly desirable solar-responsive catalytic properties. Salts of nitrate, acetate and chloride have been utilized. The ZnO powders underwent characterization using diverse analytical tools, including XRD, FTIR, Raman, BET, SEM, TEM with EDS/elemental mapping and UV-vis absorption/emission spectroscopic analyses. Accordingly, precursors have proved to affect crystallinity, morphology, surface characteristics, optical properties and the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) model pollutant. It was observed that ZnO derived from zinc acetate precursor (Z-AC NPs) exhibits very fast photocatalytic degradation of MB at pH 11 with superior kinetic estimates of 0.314 min−1 and t1/2 = 2.2 min over many of recent reports. In contrast, the chloride precursor is not recommended along with the employed biogenic route. The intriguing findings could be directly correlated to the decreased crystal size, augmented surface area, the hexagonal morphology of the crystals, high potency in absorbing visible photons, high efficacy in separating photogenerated charge carriers and producing high amounts of •OH radicals. Further testing of Z-AC NPs in photocatalytic remediation of water samples from Dumat Aljandal Lake in Aljouf, Saudi Arabia, contaminated with MB and pyronine Y (PY) dyestuffs, showed high dye photodegradation. Therefore, this work could lead to an extremely fast avenue for decontaminating wastewater from hazmat dyestuff.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Characterization of ZnWO4, MgWO4, and CaWO4 Ceramics Synthesized in the Field of a Powerful Radiation Flux
by
Gulnur Alpyssova, Viktor Lisitsyn, Zhanara Bakiyeva, Ivan Chakin, Ekaterina Kaneva, Dmitriy Afanasyev, Ainura Tussupbekova, Vitalii Vaganov, Aida T. Tulegenova and Serik Tuleuov
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1085-1099; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030071 - 19 Aug 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
This paper presents the results of a study on the morphology, structure, and luminescent properties of ceramics synthesized in the radiation field of MeWO4 compositions (where Me is Mg, Ca, and Zn). The synthesis of ceramics was carried out by the direct
[...] Read more.
This paper presents the results of a study on the morphology, structure, and luminescent properties of ceramics synthesized in the radiation field of MeWO4 compositions (where Me is Mg, Ca, and Zn). The synthesis of ceramics was carried out by the direct action of the electron flux on an initial mixture of powders of the given stoichiometric composition. WO3, ZnO, MgO, and CaO powders with particle sizes in the range of 1–50 microns were used for the synthesis of the samples. It was found that the yield of the radiation synthesis reaction (the ratio of the mass of the sample and the charge used), when treated with an electron flux with an energy of 1.4 MeV and a flux power density of 15–18 kW/cm2, was in the range of 75–99%. The synthesis of all compositions was carried out under the same radiation treatment modes, although the melting temperatures of the starting materials varied significantly and ranged from 1473 °C (WO3) to 2825 °C (MgO). The study of the ceramic structure showed that under the radiation effect of powerful radiation fluxes on the charge, a crystalline phase of the appropriate composition formed, regardless of the synthesis modes. The results of XRD studies show that during the radiation treatment of the charge, ceramics are formed mainly with the crystalline phases ZnWO4, MgWO4, and CaWO4. These resulting MeWO4 ceramics can be used for the same purposes as crystals. Photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) were studied under excitation using stationary ultraviolet radiation and nanosecond pulses of electron flux. In general, the PL and CL of synthesized ceramic samples ZnWO4, MgWO4, and CaWO4 showed that their luminescent properties are similar to those of luminescence in corresponding crystalline materials. This indicates the formation of a crystalline phase in synthesized ceramic samples.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Mechanical Properties of an Extremely Tough 1.5 mol% Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Material
by
Frank Kern and Bettina Osswald
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1066-1084; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030070 - 15 Aug 2024
Abstract
Yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) ceramics with a drastically reduced yttria content have been introduced by different manufacturers, aiming at improving the damage tolerance of ceramic components. In this study, an alumina-doped 1.5Y-TZP was axially pressed, pressureless sintered in air at 1250–1400 °C for 2
[...] Read more.
Yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) ceramics with a drastically reduced yttria content have been introduced by different manufacturers, aiming at improving the damage tolerance of ceramic components. In this study, an alumina-doped 1.5Y-TZP was axially pressed, pressureless sintered in air at 1250–1400 °C for 2 h and characterized with respect to mechanical properties, microstructure, and phase composition. The material exhibits a combination of a high strength of 1000 MPa and a high toughness of 8.5–10 MPa√m. The measured fracture toughness is, however, extremely dependent on the measurement protocol. Direct crack length measurements overestimate toughness due to trapping effects. The initially purely tetragonal material has a high transformability of >80%, the transformation behavior is predominantly dilational, and the measured R-curve-related toughness increments are in good agreement with the transformation toughness increments derived from XRD data.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Horizons in Ceramic Processing and Manufacturing: Celebrating the Institute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites of the University of Stuttgart)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Optimization of Yb:CaF2 Transparent Ceramics by Air Pre-Sintering and Hot Isostatic Pressing
by
Xiang Li, Chen Hu, Lihao Guo, Junlin Wu, Guido Toci, Angela Pirri, Barbara Patrizi, Matteo Vannini, Qiang Liu, Dariusz Hreniak and Jiang Li
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1053-1065; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030069 - 15 Aug 2024
Abstract
Yb:CaF2 transparent ceramics represent a promising laser gain medium for ultra-short lasers due to their characteristics: low phonon energy, relatively high thermal conductivity, negative thermo-optical coefficient, and low refractive index. Compared to single crystals, Yb:CaF2 ceramics offer superior mechanical properties, lower
[...] Read more.
Yb:CaF2 transparent ceramics represent a promising laser gain medium for ultra-short lasers due to their characteristics: low phonon energy, relatively high thermal conductivity, negative thermo-optical coefficient, and low refractive index. Compared to single crystals, Yb:CaF2 ceramics offer superior mechanical properties, lower cost, and it is easier to obtain large-sized samples with proper shape and uniform Yb3+ doping at high concentrations. The combination of air pre-sintering and Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) emerges as a viable strategy for achieving high optical quality and fine-grained structure of ceramics at lower sintering temperatures. The properties of the powders used in ceramic fabrication critically influence both optical quality and laser performance of Yb:CaF2 ceramics. In this study, the 5 atomic percentage (at.%) Yb:CaF2 transparent ceramics were fabricated by air pre-sintering and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) using nano-powders synthesized through the co-precipitation method. The co-precipitated powders were optimized by studying air calcination temperature (from 350 to 550 °C). The influence of calcination temperature on the microstructure and laser performance of Yb:CaF2 ceramics was studied in detail. The 5 at.% Yb:CaF2 transparent ceramics air pre-sintered at 625 °C from powders air calcined at 400 °C and HIP post-treated at 600 °C exhibited the highest in-line transmittance of 91.5% at 1200 nm (3.0 mm thickness) and the best laser performance. Specifically, a maximum output power of 0.47 W with a maximum slope efficiency of 9.2% at 1029 nm under quasi-CW (QCW) pumping was measured.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transparent Ceramics—a Theme Issue in Honor of Dr. Adrian Goldstein)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Excellent Energy Storage and Photovoltaic Performances in Bi0.45Na0.45Ba0.1TiO3-Based Lead-Free Ferroelectricity Thin Film
by
Jianhua Wu, Tiantian Zhang, Xing Gao, Lei Ning, Yanhua Hu, Xiaojie Lou, Yunying Liu, Ningning Sun and Yong Li
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1043-1052; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030068 - 1 Aug 2024
Abstract
Inorganic dielectric films have attracted extensive attention in the field of microelectronic and electrical devices because of their wide operating temperature range, small size, and easy integration. Here, we designed and prepared eco-friendly (1-x)Bi0.45Na0.45Ba0.1TiO3-xBi(Mg1/3
[...] Read more.
Inorganic dielectric films have attracted extensive attention in the field of microelectronic and electrical devices because of their wide operating temperature range, small size, and easy integration. Here, we designed and prepared eco-friendly (1-x)Bi0.45Na0.45Ba0.1TiO3-xBi(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 multifunctional ferroelectric thin films for energy storage and photovoltaic. The results show that Bi(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 can effectively improve the energy storage performance. At x = 0.05, the energy storage density and efficiency are as high as 73.1 J/cm3 and 86.2%, respectively, and can operate stably in a wide temperature range. The breakdown field strength of the thin films increased significantly, and the analysis showed that the addition of Bi(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 caused a change in the internal conduction mechanism. At the same time, the generation of polar nanoregions increases the relaxation characteristics, thus improving the energy storage properties. In addition, the thin film material also has excellent ferroelectric photovoltaic properties. This work represents a new design paradigm that can serve as an effective strategy for developing advanced multi-functional materials.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Electronic Ceramics)
►▼
Show Figures
Graphical abstract
Open AccessCommunication
The Direct Cold Sintering of α-Al2O3 Ceramics in a Pure Water Medium
by
Anastasia A. Kholodkova, Maxim V. Kornyushin, Arseniy N. Khrustalev, Levko A. Arbanas, Andrey V. Smirnov and Yurii D. Ivakin
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1030-1042; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030067 - 31 Jul 2024
Abstract
Porous α-Al2O3 ceramics are a highly sought-after material with a multitude of applications; for example, they are used as filters, substrates, biomedicine materials, etc. Despite the availability of raw materials, a challenge associated with this technology is the high energy
[...] Read more.
Porous α-Al2O3 ceramics are a highly sought-after material with a multitude of applications; for example, they are used as filters, substrates, biomedicine materials, etc. Despite the availability of raw materials, a challenge associated with this technology is the high energy budget caused by sintering above 1500 °C. For the cold sintering processing (CSP) of ceramics, lowering the α-Al2O3 sintering temperature is one of the most urgent challenges in the background of its rapid development. This paper is the first to demonstrate a solution to this problem using the CSP of α-alumina ceramics in the presence of pure water as a transient liquid. The manufactured materials were examined using XRD analysis; the evolution of their microstructures during CSP was revealed by SEM; and the porosity was evaluated using the Archimedes method. Ceramics with an open porosity up to 36% were produced at 380–450 °C and 220 MPa in 30 min. An increase in the pressure was found to impede α-Al2O3 formation from γ-AlOOH. The development of the microstructure was discussed within the framework of the dissolution–precipitation model and homogenous nucleation. The results of the SEM study pointed to the coalescence of γ-AlOOH grains during CSP.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Horizons in Ceramic Processing and Manufacturing: Celebrating the Institute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites of the University of Stuttgart)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Synthesis of Bulk-Nucleated Glass–Ceramics and Porous Glass–Ceramic Composites through Utilization of Fly Ashes
by
Hugo R. Fernandes, Oguzhan Gunduz and Dilshat U. Tulyaganov
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1014-1029; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030066 - 30 Jul 2024
Abstract
Coal combustion in power plants for electric power generation produces millions of tons of residues that are generally disposed of in landfills or ponds occupying vast land, resulting in serious environmental pollution. Fly ash (FA) is one of the main solid wastes generated
[...] Read more.
Coal combustion in power plants for electric power generation produces millions of tons of residues that are generally disposed of in landfills or ponds occupying vast land, resulting in serious environmental pollution. Fly ash (FA) is one of the main solid wastes generated in coal-based thermal power plants, representing the largest fraction of coal combustion residues (65–95%). Unfortunately, the enormous amount of FA residue is utilized only partly, mainly in the cement industry and building materials field. An alternative approach to using FA is its incorporation into ceramic, glass and glass–ceramic production, aligning with circular economy principles and reducing the environmental footprint of both the energy and ceramic sectors. In this review article, the topics of the composition, properties, classification, and utilization of fly ashes from thermal power plants are discussed. The main objective of this work is a critical analysis of the experimental trials directed to the involvement of FA as a raw material in the fabrication of glass–ceramics and porous ceramic composites.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramics in the Circular Economy for a Sustainable World)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Highly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Topics
Topic in
Applied Sciences, Ceramics, Crystals, Membranes, Nanomaterials, Polymers
Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy Fundamentals and Applications
Topic Editors: Natália T. Correia, Teresa Viciosa, Hermínio P. DiogoDeadline: 30 April 2025
Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
Ceramics
Advances in Ceramics, 2nd Edition
Guest Editor: Gilbert FantozziDeadline: 31 October 2024
Special Issue in
Ceramics
Advances in Electronic Ceramics
Guest Editors: Dawei Wang, Fayaz HussainDeadline: 31 December 2024
Special Issue in
Ceramics
Transparent Ceramics—a Theme Issue in Honor of Dr. Adrian Goldstein
Guest Editor: Yiquan WuDeadline: 31 December 2024
Special Issue in
Ceramics
Mechanical Behavior and Reliability of Engineering Ceramics
Guest Editor: Malika SaadaouiDeadline: 31 December 2024