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3,307 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,660 Views
29 Pages

Developing the Recovery Gap Index: A Comprehensive Tool for Assessing National Disaster Recovery Capacities

  • Alessandro Borre,
  • Tatiana Ghizzoni,
  • Eva Trasforini,
  • Daria Ottonelli,
  • Roberto Rudari and
  • Luca Ferraris

27 January 2025

The increasing frequency and severity of extreme natural events, along with their escalating impacts, highlight the urgent need for robust tools to assess and strengthen national capacities for disaster preparedness and recovery. In this context, thi...

(This article belongs to the Section Hazards and Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
339 Views
24 Pages

6 July 2026

Post-disaster recovery is a multi-year, multi-dimensional process, yet most remote-sensing assessments rely on single indicators and are hard to apply in data-sparse regions—limiting their value for sustainable, evidence-based reconstruction. W...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,531 Views
25 Pages

Assessment of Vegetation Drought Loss and Recovery in Central Asia Considering a Comprehensive Vegetation Index

  • Wanqiang Han,
  • Jianghua Zheng,
  • Jingyun Guan,
  • Yujia Liu,
  • Liang Liu,
  • Chuqiao Han,
  • Jianhao Li,
  • Congren Li,
  • Xurui Mao and
  • Ruikang Tian

10 November 2024

In the context of drought events caused by global warming, there is limited understanding of vegetation loss caused by drought and the subsequent recovery of vegetation after drought ends. However, employing a single index representing a specific veg...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing in Applied Ecology (Second Edition))
  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
6,606 Views
20 Pages

21 October 2024

Students often experience high levels of daily academic pressure, spending extended periods within indoor classroom environments. Windows, as a medium of proximity to nature, play an important role in relieving stress. However, the broader implicatio...

(This article belongs to the Section Architectural Design, Urban Science, and Real Estate)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,675 Views
13 Pages

Heart Rate Recovery Index and Improved Diastolic Dyssynchrony in Fusion Pacing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

  • Andra Gurgu,
  • Constantin-Tudor Luca,
  • Cristina Vacarescu,
  • Dan Gaiță,
  • Simina Crișan,
  • Adelina-Andreea Faur-Grigori,
  • Alina-Ramona Cozlac,
  • Cristina Tudoran,
  • Mădălin-Marius Margan and
  • Dragos Cozma

24 October 2024

Background: Restoring electrical synchrony with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) reverses the heart failure phenotype developed by left-ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony. This study aimed to identify new predictors of response to LV-only fusion pa...

(This article belongs to the Section Cardiology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
599 Views
18 Pages

12 May 2026

Transparent and comparable evaluation of ecological restoration outcomes is essential for advancing performance-based environmental governance and ESG-aligned ecological compensation. However, existing grassland monitoring approaches in semi-arid reg...

  • Article
  • Open Access
423 Views
27 Pages

3 July 2026

We present a 42-year (1984–2025) Landsat consistent satellite vegetation trajectory for coastal wetlands in the Shell Beach area in the Breton Sound estuary, Louisiana. We applied the Controlled Interrupted Time Series (CITS) analysis to the sa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
402 Views
18 Pages

Heart Rate Recovery Index as a Functional Marker in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Associations with H2FPEF Score, Longitudinal Systolic Function and Left Atrial Remodelling

  • Andreea Dache,
  • Cristina Văcărescu,
  • Minodora Teodoru,
  • Mihai Octavian Negrea,
  • Cristina Tudoran,
  • Alexandra-Iulia Lazăr-Höcher,
  • Liviu Cirin,
  • Adelina Andreea Faur-Grigori,
  • Bogdan-Simion Suciu and
  • Dragoș Cozma

23 August 2026

Background: The Heart Rate Recovery Index (HRRI), derived from post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR), reflects autonomic function and cardiovascular performance. Whether HRRI reflects early myocardial dysfunction and left atrial remodelling in hear...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Management of Patients with Heart Failure: 3rd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,603 Views
16 Pages

29 September 2024

Recurrent wildfires can negatively affect soil quality, and post-fire soil quality recovery is critical for maintaining sustainable ecosystem development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes and recovery of soil properties and soi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Environmental Changes on Forest Soil Quality and Health)
  • Article
  • Open Access
178 Views
20 Pages

Association Between Pre-Stroke Physical Activity Patterns Assessed by the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire and Functional Recovery After First Ischemic Stroke: A Barthel Index-Based Cohort Study

  • Sladjana M Vasilić-Brasnjević,
  • Miloš Z Maksimović,
  • Hristina D Vlajinac,
  • Andja Ćirković,
  • Tijana Dimkić Tomić,
  • Branko D Jakovljević,
  • Sindi Z Mitrović,
  • Suzana Dedijer Dujović and
  • Aleksandra S Vidaković

10 October 2026

Background/Objectives: This study investigated the association between pre-stroke physical activity (PA) assessed using the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire (BPAQ) and functional status after a first-ever ischemic stroke (IS). Methods: This pro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,263 Views
27 Pages

Business Resilience Index (BRI): Evaluating Economic Recovery Through Event-Study Heterogeneity

  • Qiannan Shen,
  • Dingyuan Liu,
  • Yue Zou,
  • Zhiying Xiao and
  • Tongchen Zhang

16 April 2026

This paper develops a Business Resilience Index (BRI) that measures county-level resilience to natural disasters at a county-quarter frequency for the United States over 2014–2024. The index integrates high-frequency labor market outcomes from...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Flood Risk Management: Challenges and Resilience)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
577 Views
24 Pages

3 July 2026

Vegetation recovery after forest fires is a vital indicator of ecosystem resilience. However, the specific differences between structural and functional recovery after fire have remained unclear. In this study, we quantified and compared post-fire re...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Remote Sensing in Forest and Grassland Fire Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
7,794 Views
11 Pages

15 January 2017

A new technique of modulation index adjustment for pure wavelength modulation spectroscopy second harmonic signal waveforms recovery is presented. As the modulation index is a key parameter in determining the exact form of the signals generated by th...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
682 Views
32 Pages

26 June 2026

Municipal organic waste management remains a major challenge for sustainable urban development, particularly in regions requiring decentralized treatment alternatives that reduce landfill dependency and promote circular resource recovery. This study...

(This article belongs to the Section Waste and Recycling)
  • Article
  • Open Access
77 Citations
9,848 Views
18 Pages

4 February 2019

Understanding post-fire regeneration dynamics is an important task for assessing the resilience of forests and to adequately guide post-disturbance management. The main goal of this research was to compare the ability of different Landsat-derived spe...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote sensing based Forest Inventories from Landscape to Global Scale)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,647 Views
23 Pages

22 May 2025

Wildfire is a critical driver of ecological processes in western U.S. forests, but recent shifts in climate, land use, and fire suppression have altered forest structure and disturbance regimes. Understanding post-fire recovery is essential for land...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Before and After the Flames: An Ecological Examination of the Factors That Influence Forest Fire Effects and Post-Fire Recovery and Resilience)
  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
8,892 Views
12 Pages

10 July 2020

Research Highlights: Fire-frequented savannas are dominated by plant species that regrow quickly following fires that mainly burn through the understory. To detect post-fire vegetation recovery in these ecosystems, particularly during warm, rainy sea...

(This article belongs to the Section Forest Inventory, Modeling and Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
7,632 Views
12 Pages

Predicting Long-Term Recovery of Consciousness in Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness Based on Coma Recovery Scale-Revised Subscores: Validation of a Machine Learning-Based Prognostic Index

  • Alfonso Magliacano,
  • Piergiuseppe Liuzzi,
  • Rita Formisano,
  • Antonello Grippo,
  • Efthymios Angelakis,
  • Aurore Thibaut,
  • Olivia Gosseries,
  • Gianfranco Lamberti,
  • Enrique Noé and
  • Anna Estraneo
  • + 9 authors

27 December 2022

Prognosis of prolonged Disorders of Consciousness (pDoC) is influenced by patients’ clinical diagnosis and Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) total score. We compared the prognostic accuracy of a novel Consciousness Domain Index (CDI) with tha...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State of the Art in Disorders of Consciousness)
  • Article
  • Open Access
419 Views
21 Pages

30 July 2026

Post-disaster recovery is increasingly understood not as a simple return to pre-event conditions but as a dynamic reorganization of land systems, in which land cover and land use change (LCLUC) provides an operational signature of recovery trajectori...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
6,828 Views
18 Pages

29 June 2022

The precise information on fuel characteristics is essential for wildfire modelling and management. Satellite remote sensing can provide accurate and timely measurements of fuel characteristics. However, current estimates of fuel load changes from op...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Post-fire Environmental Damage and Forest Recovery: New Challenges and Approaches)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,412 Views
28 Pages

Existing databases supporting Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) workloads based on non-volatile memory (NVM) have not fully leveraged hardware characteristics, resulting in an imbalance between throughput and recovery performance. In this paper, w...

(This article belongs to the Section Computer Science & Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
559 Views
21 Pages

12 June 2026

Single-index greening trends can misrepresent post-mining recovery because they do not show whether disturbed surfaces are converging toward the spectral conditions of nearby stable vegetation. Here, we present a 22-year (2003–2024) Landsat-bas...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Restoration of Mining-Impacted Ecosystems Using Remote Sensing Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
415 Views
27 Pages

20 August 2026

Extreme drought events have become increasingly frequent under ongoing climatic change, thereby constraining vegetation growth and altering ecosystem processes. Vegetation recovery time following drought plays a crucial role in ecosystem stability, a...

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,394 Views
12 Pages

10 November 2021

A prospective observational study comparing shear wave elastography (SWE) of trapezius muscle with Neck Disability Index (NDI) in a prediction model of health status six months after a whiplash injury. Both SWE values, measured by two radiologists, a...

(This article belongs to the Section Medical Imaging and Theranostics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,185 Views
19 Pages

An Approach Integrating Multi-Source Data with LandTrendr Algorithm for Refining Forest Recovery Detection

  • Mei Li,
  • Shudi Zuo,
  • Ying Su,
  • Xiaoman Zheng,
  • Weibing Wang,
  • Kaichao Chen and
  • Yin Ren

20 May 2023

Disturbances to forests are getting worse with climate change and urbanization. Assessing the functionality of forest ecosystems is challenging because it requires not only a large amount of input data but also comprehensive estimation indicator meth...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing Monitoring of Tropical Forest Disturbance and Dynamics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,486 Views
25 Pages

30 September 2024

The meshless displacement error-recovery parametric investigation in finite element method-based incompressible elastic analysis is presented in this study. It investigates key parameters such as interpolation schemes, patch configurations, dilation...

  • Article
  • Open Access
685 Views
28 Pages

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Monitoring for Post-Harvest Canopy Recovery of Sweet Orange: Response to an On-Farm Residue-Based Organic Biostimulant

  • Walter Dimas Florez Ponce De León,
  • Dante Ulises Morales Cabrera,
  • Hernán Rolando Salinas Palza,
  • Luis Johnson Paúl Mori Sosa and
  • Edith Eva Cruz Pérez

28 January 2026

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based multispectral monitoring has become an increasingly important tool for assessing crop vigor and stress under commercial agricultural conditions. However, most UAV-based studies using the normalized difference veget...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
2,083 Views
5 Pages

This study acquired governmental-subsidized recovery costs from forest road damages over the past 19 years, between 2001 and 2019, in Gunma Prefecture. Then, this study analyzed correlation coefficients between return periods of rainfall intensity in...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Forests—Exploring New Discoveries and New Directions in Forests)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,737 Views
12 Pages

Measuring Disaster Recovery: Lessons Learned from Early Recovery in Post-Tsunami Area of Aceh, Indonesia

  • Ni Wayan Suriastini,
  • Ika Yulia Wijayanti,
  • Bondan Sikoki and
  • Cecep Sukria Sumantri

15 December 2023

The assessment of post-disaster recovery is often hindered by limited metric and longitudinal data, in addition to the dynamic and long-term processes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the early stages after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in...

(This article belongs to the Section Hazards and Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
69 Citations
10,610 Views
16 Pages

Satellite-Based Evaluation of the Post-Fire Recovery Process from the Worst Forest Fire Case in South Korea

  • Jae-Hyun Ryu,
  • Kyung-Soo Han,
  • Sungwook Hong,
  • No-Wook Park,
  • Yang-Won Lee and
  • Jaeil Cho

10 June 2018

The worst forest fire in South Korea occurred in April 2000 on the eastern coast. Forest recovery works were conducted until 2005, and the forest has been monitored since the fire. Remote sensing techniques have been used to detect the burned areas a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Remote Sensing-based Disaster Monitoring and Assessment)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,203 Views
14 Pages

26 August 2024

This study evaluates the crack performance of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixtures according to the performance of a modified asphalt binder, evaluated based on the asphalt performance grade (PG) and the elastic recovery of multiple stress creep and r...

(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,155 Views
16 Pages

Impact of Nutritional Counselling and Support on Body Mass Index Recovery and Treatment Outcomes Among Tuberculosis Patients in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic

  • Donekham Inthavong,
  • Hend Elsayed,
  • Phonesavanh Keonakhone,
  • Vilath Seevisay,
  • Somdeth Souksanh,
  • Sakhone Suthepmany,
  • Misouk Chanthavong,
  • Xaysomvang Keodavong,
  • Phonesavanh Kommanivanh and
  • Takuya Yamanaka
  • + 7 authors

Tuberculosis (TB) and undernutrition are intricately linked, significantly impacting health outcomes. However, nutritional support for TB patients is not systematically implemented in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). This study evalu...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tuberculosis Control in Africa and Asia)
  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,381 Views
19 Pages

Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Recovery in Athletes: BMI and Neck Circumference and Their Impact on Recovery Capacity and Injury Risk

  • Marcin Sikora,
  • Mariusz Panek,
  • Olga Łakomy,
  • Szymon Siatkowski,
  • Emilia Głowacka and
  • Aleksandra Żebrowska

4 January 2026

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an underdiagnosed condition in athletes, strongly influenced by anthropometric factors such as body mass index (BMI) and neck circumference, which often reflect long-term sport-specific training and nutritional strate...

(This article belongs to the Section Physiology and Pathology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
849 Views
21 Pages

4 February 2026

Drought leads to declining water levels and reduced water volume in lakes, significantly altering their water quality. Current research has primarily examined water quality during drought episodes or compared conditions before and after such events....

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Adaptation in Water Resource Management)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,125 Views
8 Pages

26 October 2022

Natural gas is a viable oil displacement agent in ultra-low-permeability reservoirs due to its good fluidity. It can also cause gas channeling during continuous injection, which limits its oilfield application. In order to relieve gas channeling duri...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Reservoir Stimulation and EOR Technology in Unconventional Reservoirs)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,153 Views
16 Pages

A Quantitative Relationship between Oxidation Index and Chalcopyrite Flotation Recovery

  • Xu Yang,
  • Yubiao Li,
  • Wen Chen,
  • Wanqing Duan,
  • Qing Xiao and
  • Tingting Jiang

15 July 2022

The surface oxidation of chalcopyrite is one of the most important factors affecting its flotation performance. In this study, a critical oxidation degree is proposed to define “slight” and “significant” oxidation in terms of...

(This article belongs to the Section Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
420 Views
22 Pages

29 June 2026

With the gradual improvement of residential electricity reliability, the lower design strength of the distribution network makes it more prone to large-scale power outages in resisting natural disasters. Among them, the cold load start-up effect will...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Process Analysis and Optimal Control of the Power Conversion Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,968 Views
22 Pages

9 November 2018

Living environment reconstruction in Wenchuan earthquake disaster-hit areas received substantial attention internationally, so it is imperative to examine out the methods employed, to evaluate community reconstruction and recovery performances. Howev...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Disaster Risk Reduction)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,776 Views
18 Pages

Monitoring and Analysis of Drought Using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)

  • Ahmad Nemati,
  • Seyed Hossein Ghoreishi Najafabadi,
  • Gholamreza Joodaki and
  • S. Saeid Mousavi Nadoushani

Drought monitoring needs comprehensive and integrated meteorological and hydrologic data. However, such data are generally not available in extensive catchments. The present study aimed to analyze drought in the central plateau catchment of Iran usin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,289 Views
10 Pages

Relationship between Middle Cerebral Artery Pulsatility Index and Delayed Neurocognitive Recovery in Patients undergoing Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy

  • Paola Aceto,
  • Andrea Russo,
  • Claudia Galletta,
  • Chiara Schipa,
  • Bruno Romanò,
  • Ersilia Luca,
  • Emilio Sacco,
  • Angelo Totaro,
  • Carlo Lai and
  • Liliana Sollazzi
  • + 2 authors

30 January 2023

A steep Trendelenburg (ST) position combined with pneumoperitoneum may cause alterations in cerebral blood flow with the possible occurrence of postoperative cognitive disorders. No studies have yet investigated if these alterations may be associated...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anesthetic Management in Perioperative Period)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,021 Views
11 Pages

19 May 2023

Streams play vital roles in surrounding communities and provide essential ecosystem services. The protection of streams is important, they are legally protected under the Clean Water Act, and they can be monitored through the continuous analyses of b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
7,784 Views
20 Pages

18 October 2021

Vegetation recovery after the large wildfires that occurred in central Portugal in 2017 is assessed in the present study. These wildfires had catastrophic consequences, among which were human losses and a vast extent of forest devastation. Landsat 8...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Source and Multi-System Fire Monitoring Relying on EO Data in Mediterranean Ecosystems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
7,273 Views
14 Pages

10 October 2017

The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and red-edge region of the spectrum are known to be sensitive to plant physiological processes, and through measurement of these optical signals it is possible to use non-invasive remote sensing to monitor th...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Other Vegetation Parameters)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,582 Views
21 Pages

18 September 2020

Social vulnerability and social capital have been shown to influence how severely communities are impacted by natural hazards and how quickly they recover. Indices exist to quantify these factors using publicly available data; however, more empirical...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sheltering and Housing Displaced Populations)
  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
5,388 Views
12 Pages

Relationship between Nutritional Status, Food Consumption and Sarcopenia in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: Preliminary Data

  • Mariacristina Siotto,
  • Marco Germanotta,
  • Alessandro Guerrini,
  • Simona Pascali,
  • Valeria Cipollini,
  • Laura Cortellini,
  • Elisabetta Ruco,
  • Yeganeh Manon Khazrai,
  • Laura De Gara and
  • Irene Aprile

15 November 2022

After a stroke, patients can suffer from sarcopenia, which can affect recovery. This could be closely related to an impairment in nutritional status. In this preliminary analysis of a longitudinal prospective study, we screened 110 subjects admitted...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition in Post-stroke Subjects during Rehabilitation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,723 Views
21 Pages

Investigation and Stability Assessment of Three Sill Pillar Recovery Schemes in a Hard Rock Mine

  • Huawei Xu,
  • Derek B. Apel,
  • Jun Wang,
  • Chong Wei and
  • Krzysztof Skrzypkowski

21 May 2022

In Canada, many mines have adopted the sublevel stoping method, such a blasthole stoping (BHS), to extract steeply deposited minerals. Sill pillars are usually kept in place in this mining method to support the weight of the overburden in underground...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Volume II: Mining Innovation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,457 Views
25 Pages

This paper presents the mHealth Predictive Outbreak for COVID-19 (mPOC) framework, an autonomous platform based on wearable Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices for outbreak prediction and monitoring. It utilizes real-time physiological and envi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future Internet of Medical Things II)
  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
632 Views
26 Pages

Compound Spring Flood Hazards in Kazakhstan and Comparable Cold-Continental Regions: Mechanisms, Indicators, and Recovery Assessment

  • Serik Nurakynov,
  • Gulnara Iskaliyeva,
  • Aibek Merekeyev,
  • Tatyana Dedova,
  • Jagriti Dabas,
  • Nurmakhambet Sydyk and
  • Aigerim Kalybayeva

15 July 2026

Compound spring floods in cold-continental and semi-arid interiors arise from interacting snowmelt, rain-on-snow events, intense precipitation, and frozen or saturated soils, yet these mechanisms remain poorly synthesized for Central Asia. This revie...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Management and Geohazard Mitigation in a Changing Climate)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
2,968 Views
18 Pages

Effect of Blending and Curing Conditions on the Storage Stability of Rubberized Asphalt Binders

  • Jihyeon Yun,
  • Shyaamkrishnan Vigneswaran,
  • Moon-Sup Lee,
  • Pangil Choi and
  • Soon-Jae Lee

20 January 2023

Crumb rubber modifier (CRM) binders easily suffer from instability at high temperatures, with many suggestions being developed to evaluate their storage stability. However, much uncertainty around CRM binders still exists regarding the relationship b...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Asphalt Road Paving Materials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
585 Views
29 Pages

Indonesia is one of the world’s most seismically active countries, experiencing frequent earthquakes that make assessing regional resilience essential for disaster risk reduction. This study dynamically evaluates socioeconomic resilience in 28...

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