27 April 2022
Healthcare workers need to educate patients regarding proper sitting positions to prevent pressure injuries in the elderly and disabled. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in normal and shear force in the gluteal region usin...
In order to investigate the influence of sepiolite minerals on the normal force of magnetorheological grease (MRG), a mixed sample (ALCH) on the basis of preparing an aluminum–lithium-based magnetorheological grease (base sample ALC), containin...
How to reduce the friction resistance between two planes is a difficult problem that has been studied in the field of tribology. Aiming at this problem, the concept of reducing the friction resistance by exciting the periodic change of normal force b...
The tribocorrosion behavior of Inconel 690TT in NaOH (pH = 9.8) solution at different normal forces was investigated by an electrochemical method. The results indicated that normal force had a great effect on the tribocorrosion behavior and mechanism...
Single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments allow protein folding and unfolding to be explored using mechanical force. Probably the most informative technique for interpreting the results of these experiments at the structural level makes use of s...
The normal rake angle is an important geometric parameter of a turning tool, and it directly affects the accuracy of the cutting force prediction. In this study, an accurate model of the working normal rake angle (WNRA) and working inclination angle...
This paper proposes an optimum design of the pedicle screw with respect to bone density and variables of the screw design. First, pedicle screws are designed and manufactured with design variables including the core diameter and conical angle that af...
Tire normal forces are difficult to measure, but information on the vehicle normal force can be used in many automotive engineering applications, e.g., rollover detection and vehicle and wheel stability. Previous papers use algebraic equations to est...
Experiments in a laboratory tank have provided measurements of the normal and tangential drag forces exerted on flat nets for different flow conditions. From those forces, normal and tangential drag coefficients of the nets have been obtained as func...
Ground reaction force (GRF) components can be estimated using insole pressure sensors. Principal component analysis in conjunction with machine learning (PCA-ML) methods are widely used for this task. PCA reduces dimensionality and requires pre-norma...
The knowledge of unsteady forces is necessary when designing vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs). Measurement data for turbines operating at an open site are still very limited. The data obtained from wind tunnels or towing tanks can be used, but hav...
Background: Accurate recognition of upper-limb force levels is important for wearable movement monitoring and rehabilitation engineering, yet the value of combining surface electromyography (sEMG) and mechanomyography (MMG) for shoulder force classif...
The hydraulic design of offshore gas-lift systems requires joint assessment of mean lifting capacity and wave-induced delivery fluctuations. This study develops a normalized wave-forcing model coupled to a transient drift-flux formulation to compare...
We have proposed a flexible sensor that can sense shear and normal forces, and can be fabricated through a simple process using only one layer of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film. For the measurement of shear and normal forces, one layer of PVDF f...
In this work, we present the development of a polymer-based capacitive sensing array. The proposed device is capable of measuring normal and shear forces, and can be easily realized by using micromachining techniques and flexible printed circuit boar...
Aerodynamic characteristics of revolving wing models were investigated to assess the validity of the normal force model. Aerodynamic force and torque measurements were conducted for six wing planforms (with aspect ratios of 2 and 3, and area centroid...
Analogous to the Amonton–Coulomb relation, which states the linear dependency between the dynamic sliding friction and the normal reaction, the rolling friction moment is commonly accepted as proportional to the normal reaction in a concentrate...
We consider the two planes at zero temperature with isotropic conductivity that are in relative lateral motion with velocity v and interplane distance a. Two models of conductivity are taken into account—the constant and frequency-dependent Dru...
The reference electronic skin is a sensor array based on PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride) piezoelectric polymers, coupled to a rigid substrate and covered by an elastomer layer. It is first evaluated how a distributed normal force (Hertzian distributio...
There is a growing demand for flexible pressure sensors in environmental monitoring and human–robot interaction robotics. A flexible and susceptible sensor can discriminate multidirectional pressure, thus effectively detecting signals of small...
Tactile sensation is a highly desired function in robotics. Furthermore, tactile sensor arrays are crucial sensing elements in pulse diagnosis instruments. This paper presents the fabrication of an integrated piezoresistive normal force sensor throug...
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) hold enormous potential in cardiac disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. Furthermore, patient-specific iPSC-CMS can be tested for personalized medicine. To provide...
This paper has two topics. The first one is development of novel electric vehicle (EV) powered only by "Electrical Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC)". The second one is normal force stabilizing (NFS) vehicle motion control using this experimental vehicle...
Microbial safety in low-moisture foods (LMFs) has attracted widespread public attention due to the multiple outbreaks and recalls in recent years. Dry cleaning methods are typically used in LMFs production environments. However, there is no standardi...
When a finger actively slides over a surface, contact conditions including the contact area, sliding speed, and finger moisture naturally fluctuate. These random fluctuations lead to an apparent change of frictional properties and influence tactile p...
In this study, the identification of thermoelastic mass diffusion was examined on a homogeneous isotropic microstretch thermoelastic diffusion (HIMTD) solid due to normal force on the surface of half space. In the framework of Cartesian symmetry, the...
In the conventional FDEM (Combined Finite and Discrete Element Method), each contact pair might have multiple contact points where friction forces are applied, leading to non-unique friction force assignments and potentially introducing computational...
Infilled joints or faults are often subjected to long-term stable shear forces, and nature surface processes of normal unloading can change the frictional balance. Therefore, it is essential to study the sliding behavior of such granular materials un...
This paper describes the design and calibration of a thimble that measures the forces applied by a user during manipulation of virtual and real objects. Haptic devices benefit from force measurement capabilities at their end-point. However, the heavy...
Unique blade force measurements on an open site straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine have been performed. This paper presents a method for measuring the tangential and normal forces on a 12-kW vertical axis wind turbine prototype with a three-b...
Here, we review recent advances in precision Casimir force measurements with both non-magnetic and magnetic materials. In addition, the measurement of the geometric dependence of the Casimir force, both lateral and normal, using uniformly corrugated...
This paper presents a study on an induction planar actuator concept. The device uses the same principles as a linear induction motor in which the interaction between a travelling magnetic field and a conducting surface produces eddy currents that lea...
The normal positioning error hinders the use of magnetorheological finishing (MRF) in robotic polishing. In this paper, the influence of robotic normal positioning error on the MRF removal rate is revealed, and a force-controlled end-effector for the...
The discrete element method (DEM), based on particle dynamics, is used to simulate the technological process of soil tillage using agricultural machinery. A key aspect of the DEM for obtaining accurate agrotechnical and energy indicators of soil cult...
Abrasive disc grinding is currently a key manufacturing process to achieve better accuracy and high-quality surfaces of TC17 components. Grinding force, which results from the friction and elastic–plastic deformation during the contact and inte...
The sliding wear and failure behaviors of CrN and AlTiN coatings on high speed steel (HSS) and cemented carbide (WC-Co) were investigated on a reciprocating test machine under different normal forces (30–120 N). The wear mechanism was explored...
Ultrasonic-assisted inner diameter machining is a slicing method for hard and brittle materials. During this process, the sawing force is the main factor affecting the workpiece surface quality and tool life. Therefore, based on indentation fracture...
Adhesion between rough surfaces is an active field of research where both experimental studies and theoretical modelling are used. However, it is rather difficult to conduct precise experimental evaluations of adhesive properties of the so-called ant...
Autorotating samaras such as Sycamore seeds are capable of descending at exceptionally slow speeds and the secret behind this characteristic is attributed to a flow mechanism known as the leading edge vortex (LEV). A stable LEV is known to increase t...
A number of mixed and displacement-based zig-zag theories are derived from the zig-zag adaptive theory (ZZA). As a consequence of their different assumptions on displacement, strain, and stress fields, and layerwise functions, these theories account...
With the widespread use of sector gates in tidal river locks, there is a growing interest in the operating force during the gate operation. This study investigates the characteristics of operating forces in a sector gate hydraulic cylinder system usi...
Fixed-diamond abrasive wire saw cutting is one of the most common methods for cutting hard and brittle materials. This process has unique advantages including a narrow kerf and the ability to use a relatively small cutting force. In the cutting proce...
Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE), which is capable of exhibiting magnetostriction in the presence of a magnetic field, has a great potential to be used for the development of sensor devices. Unfortunately, to date, many works focused on studying lo...
This paper investigates friction-induced self-excited vibration in a bi-stable compliant mechanism. A single-degree-of-freedom oscillator, hanged vertically, vibrates on a belt moving horizontally with a constant velocity. The oscillator is excited t...
The accurate perception of external environment information through the robot foot is crucial for the mobile robot to evaluate its ability to traverse terrain. Adequate foot-end contact signals can provide robust support for robot motion control and...
Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the force production during self-selected speed normal gait by muscle–tendon units that cross the knee. The force of a single knee muscle is not directly measurable without invasive methods...
Background: Although numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the acute effects of shoe drops on running kinematics and kinetic variables, their effects on muscle forces remain unknown. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to compare th...
The necessity of monitoring the abrasive waterjet (AWJ) processes increases with the spreading of this tool into the machining processes. The forces produced on the workpiece during the abrasive waterjet machining can yield some valuable information....
The aim of the study was to characterize raw aqueous extracts from Plantago ovata husk in terms of molecular chain mass, osmotic, hydrodynamic, and rheological properties. The raw extracts used in this study have not been yet investigated in the indi...
In this paper, a series of indentation tests in which the maximum normal force ranged from 0.4 to 3.3 N were carried out to determine the fracture toughness of 4H-SiC single crystals. The results indicated that an appropriate ratio of the distance fr...
of 62