Spaceflight imposes several unique stresses on biological life that together can have a profound impact on the homeostasis between eukaryotes and their associated microbes. One such stressor, microgravity, has been shown to alter host-microbe interac...
Functional symbiotic intestinal microbiota regulates immune defense and the metabolic processing of xenobiotics in the host. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is one of the transcription factors mediating host–microbe interaction. An in vitro...
Animal experiments remain widely used to investigate intestinal physiology and host–microbe interactions despite ethical concerns and limited experimental control. Here, we established and characterised a murine gut-on-chip platform based entir...
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulator of vascular homeostasis and host–microbe interactions. In addition to the endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway, the enterosalivary nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway provides an alternative sou...
The gut microbiota of Drosophila melanogaster offers a simplified yet powerful system to study conserved mechanisms of host–microbe interactions. Unlike the highly complex mammalian gut microbiota, which includes hundreds of species, the fly gu...
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small, highly reactive gaseous signaling molecule that plays diverse and context-dependent roles in microbial physiology and host–microbe interactions. Over the past decade, increasing evidence has revealed the dual natur...
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a chronic middle ear inflammatory condition due to persistent polymicrobial middle ear infection. The interaction between local immune responses and microbial communities is not well understood, complicating...
Microbes constitute the most prevalent life form on Earth, yet their remarkable diversity remains mostly unrecognized. Microbial diversity in vertebrate models presents a significant challenge for investigating host–microbiome interactions. The...
The dynamics of the tripartite relationship between the host, gut bacteria and diet in the gut is relatively unknown. An imbalance between harmful and protective gut bacteria, termed dysbiosis, has been linked to many diseases and has most often been...
Proteoglycans (PGs) and their glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains play key roles in corneal epithelial physiology and host–microbe interactions. Although bacterial exposure has been shown to alter PG and GAG biosynthesis, the contribution of specifi...
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are widely produced and persist in aquatic ecosystems, yet their indirect effects on host–microbe interactions remain poorly defined. By using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a sentinel species, this study i...
Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India. Perturbation of host–microbiome interactions may be a key mechanism by which lifestyle-related risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consu...
The human intestine is a dynamic organ where the complex host-microbe interactions that orchestrate intestinal homeostasis occur. Major contributing factors associated with intestinal health and diseases include metabolically-active gut microbiota, i...
Healthy human lungs have traditionally been considered to be a sterile organ. However, culture-independent molecular techniques have reported that large numbers of microbes coexist in the lung and airways. The lungs harbor diverse microbial compositi...
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease triggered by dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals that primarily affects the small intestinal mucosa. The sole treatment is a gluten-free diet that places a social and economic burden on patien...
The skin is the largest organ of the human body and harbors a diverse microbial community that constitutes a complex ecosystem. Despite advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) that have greatly facilitated the characterization of skin microbiota...
Bioinspired organ-level in vitro platforms that recapitulate human organ physiology and organ-specific responses have emerged as effective technologies for infectious disease research, drug discovery, and personalized medicine. A major challenge in t...
The intestinal tract is a crucial part of the body for growth and development, and its dysregulation can cause several diseases. The lack of appropriate in vitro models hampers the development of effective preventions and treatments against these int...
Blood is conventionally thought to be sterile. However, emerging evidence on the blood microbiome has started to challenge this notion. Recent reports have revealed the presence of genetic materials of microbes or pathogens in the blood circulation,...
Symbiosis between microbes and insects has been raised as a promising area for understanding biological implications of microbe–host interactions. Among them, the association between fungi and bark beetles has been generally recognized as essential f...
Microbiome research is shifting from a focus on “whole microorganisms” to an emphasis on microbial functional components. This review systematically describes how the effects of microbial communities on the host are mediated by bioactive...
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) remains the most commonly reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) globally, with particularly high incidence among adolescents and young adults. In Europe, CT cases have continued to rise over the past decad...
With the birth of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, genomic data in public databases have increased exponentially. Unfortunately, exogenous contamination or intracellular parasite sequences in assemblies could confuse genomic analysis. Mea...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition resulting from complex interactions between the immune system, genetic predisposition, and the gut microbiota. In this context, Escherichia coli (E. coli) plays a dual role in the h...
Microbial outcomes emerge from dynamic interactions among host defenses, microbial traits, and environmental context. This narrative review examines aquatic host–microbe systems, with emphasis on zebrafish and Vibrio species, as experimentally...
Members of the genus Bifidobacterium are found in a wide-range of habitats and are used as important probiotics. Thus, exploration of their functional traits at the genus level is of utmost significance. Besides, this genus has been demonstrated to e...
The insect gut contains a complex and diverse microbial community, and the composition of the insect gut microbial community is influenced by multiple factors such as the host’s genetics, dietary habits, and the external environment. The host&r...
Although traditionally sidelined by live probiotic effects, Lactobacilli-derived Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs) are emerging as potent modulators of innate and adaptive immune responses, capable of acting independently of bacterial via...
Overwinter Syndrome (OWS) affects grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) aquaculture in China, causing high mortality and economic losses under low temperatures. Failure of antibiotic therapies shows limits of the ‘low–temperature–pa...
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (UC), are characterized by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation and involve complex interactions of genetic, environmental, and immune factors. Enterococcus f...
To date, Leucobacter species have been identified from diverse sources with various ecological and functional roles. However, the genomic features and pathogenic potential of antibiotic-resistant Leucobacter strains remain understudied. Here, we isol...
Oral mucosa healing is a complex process that involves the innate wound healing system, including the coagulation cascade, extracellular matrix remodeling, immune cell responses, and fibroblast and epithelial responses, within the context of a dynami...
Glycans attached to host glycoproteins play an important role in regulating oral microbial colonization and maintaining community balance. Our previous studies revealed that children exhibit lower levels of α2-3 sialylated glycan structures (SA...
Duckweeds are small, fast growing, and starch- and protein-rich aquatic plants expected to be a next generation energy crop and an excellent biomaterial for phytoremediation. Despite such an importance, very little is known about duckweed–microbe int...
The mammalian gut is densely inhabited by microorganisms that have coevolved with their host. Amongst these latter microorganisms, bifidobacteria represent a key model to study host–microbe interaction within the mammalian gut. Remarkably, bifi...
Microbial mutualisms are still commonly described as obligate or facultative, but this dichotomy is insufficient to describe the complexity of host–microbe interactions. A multi-dimensional conceptual framework that accounts for asymmetry in de...
Commercial poultry are continually exposed to, frequently pathogenic, microorganisms, usually via mucosal surfaces such as the intestinal mucosa. Thus, understanding host–microbe interactions is vital. Many of these microorganisms may have no o...
Akkermansia muciniphila is a next-generation probiotic linked to intestinal barrier integrity and host metabolic well-being. However, the mechanisms underlying its mucin utilization remain incompletely understood. In particular, the temporal hierarch...
Host and microbe interactions continue to drive the trajectory of disease [...]
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) involve complex interactions among genetic factors, aberrant immune activation, and gut microbial dysbiosis. While metabolomic studies have focused on feces and serum, fewer investigations have examined the intestina...
Honeybees are vital pollinators that contribute substantially to global ecosystem stability and agricultural productivity. Camellia reticulata, a cross-pollinated crop species, depends on honeybees for successful reproduction. Apis cerana shows reluc...
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a condition with a complex and unclear aetiology. Possible causes of AD encompass alterations in the structure and function of the epidermal barrier, disturbances in the skin microbiome, immune factors, allergens, bacterial...
The rapid industrialization of global livestock production has intensified the threat of viral epidemics, in which the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive systems are susceptible to viral attacks. Understanding the mechanism of virus–host...
The importance of the skin microbiome in human health has become increasingly evident. Despite considerable advancements, complex host–microbe interactions remain largely unexplored, primarily due to a paucity of models mimicking human skin and...
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, dysregulated immune responses, and alterations of the intestinal microbiota. Although corticoster...
28 September 2023
The role of the microbiota in health and disease is a research area receiving much attention in academia and industry. A person’s microbiota refers to a community of microorganisms found mainly in the gut. It is estimated that around 39 trillio...
Fungi represent a common and diverse part of the microbial communities that associate with plants. They also commonly colonise various plant parts asymptomatically. The molecular mechanisms of these interactions are, however, poorly understood. In th...
Evolutionary and ecological forces are important factors that shape gut microbial profiles in hosts, which can help insects adapt to different environments through modulating their metabolites. However, little is known about how gut microbes and meta...
Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection in humans, with over 200 million people affected each year. This disease is associated with pre-term birth, low birth weight, and premature membrane rupture. Its causal pathog...
This review highlights the emerging role of cross-kingdom RNA interference in plant–microbe interactions, particularly the transfer of sRNAs from microbes to plants and vice versa, emphasizing the importance of this mechanism in both mutualisti...
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