Interbody fusion cages are widely used to restore spinal stability, yet conventional designs often exhibit mechanical mismatch and limited biological integration. Functionally graded spinal cages incorporate spatial variations in composition and stru...
Bio-inspired functionally graded cellular materials (FGCM) have improved performance in energy absorption compared with a uniform cellular material (UCM). In this work, sheet-based and strut-based gyroid cellular structures with graded densities are...
This paper presents a hybrid level set method (HLSM) to design novelty functionally graded structures (FGSs) with complex macroscopic graded patterns. The hybrid level set function (HLSF) is constructed to parametrically model the macro unit cells by...
Polymer foams are an important class of engineering material that are finding diverse applications, including as structural parts in automotive industry, insulation in construction, core materials for sandwich composites, and cushioning in mattresses...
Despite decades of progress, structural topology optimization is still one of the most important areas of engineering optimal design. The intensive research within this area has been stimulated by the development of efficient methods and algorithms o...
Lattice structures for engineering applications are patterns of unit cells designed to make a larger functional structure. Research on lattice structures ranges in many fields, from mechanical characterization and cell and pattern designs in respect...
Cellular structures allow the minimizing of the mass of a part while keeping its shape [...]
Recently, to further improve the performance of aluminum foam, functionally graded (FG) aluminum foams, whose pore structure varies with their position, have been developed. In this study, three types of FG aluminum foam of aluminum alloy die castin...
Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures have unique geometries and excellent mechanical properties, which have attracted much attention in many fields. However, the relationship between different filling forms and different directions of fu...
Re-entrant auxetic honeycombs have attracted considerable interest as lightweight energy-absorbing structures because of their distinctive deformation mechanisms and favorable crushing characteristics. This study investigates the dynamic in-plane cru...
Cellular lattice structures have important applications in aerospace, automobile and defense industries due to their high specific strength, modulus and energy absorption. Additive manufacturing provides the design freedom to fabricate complex cellul...
The main characteristic of materials with a functional gradient is the progressive composition or the structure variation across its geometry. This results in the properties variation in one or more specific directions, according to the functional ap...
This research explores the dynamic characteristics of composite nano-beams with a hybrid cellular structure (HCS) core, composed of two segments with distinct unit cell configurations, and face sheets reinforced with carbon nanotube (CNT) composites....
Multiscale techniques, namely homogenization, result in significant computational time savings in the analysis of complex structures such as lattice structures, as in many cases it is inefficient to model a periodic structure in full detail in its en...
The main objective of this study is to design titanium alloy femoral stems with cubic porous structures that will be able to reduce stress shielding and promote stem stability. These porous structure designs were introduced into titanium alloy femora...
Background: Colostrum extracellular vesicles (C-EVs) are nanoscale, bioactive vesicles with therapeutic potential. The mechanisms of action include the control of cellular and tissue homeostasis. These make C-EVs a novel means to control inflammatory...
This study presents a numerical investigation into the hydrodynamic and biomechanical performance of bone-repair scaffolds based on Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMSs). Focusing on Gyroid and Diamond architectures, scaffolds with uniform (40–70%...
The ability to control the exhibited plastic deformation behavior of cellular materials under certain loading conditions can be harnessed to design more reliable and structurally efficient damage-tolerant materials for crashworthiness and protective...
The cytomatrix neuron is a softened cellular automaton, roughly motivated by interactions that could occur in a molecular or cellular complex. Subcells exert graded influences on each other and provide a medium for the integration of input signals in...
Obesity is a major risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. The principal feature of dementia is a loss of neurons and brain atrophy. The mechanistic links between obesity and the neurodegenerative processes of dementias are no...
The topology optimization (TO) process has the objective to structurally optimize products in various industries, such as in biomechanical engineering. Additive manufacturing facilitates this procedure and enables the utility of advanced structures i...
The complex interaction between the intestinal mucosa, the gut microbiota, and the diet balances the host physiological homeostasis and is fundamental for the maximal genetic potential of production animals. However, factors such as chemical and phys...
Background and Objectives: Cardiac transplantation is currently the elective treatment choice in end-stage heart failure, and cellular rejection is a predictive factor for morbidity and mortality after surgery. We proposed an evaluation of the clinic...
In recent years, the functionally graded materials (FGM) with cellular structure have become a hot spot in the field of materials research. For the continuously varying cellular structure in the layer-wise FGM, the connection of gradient cellular str...
Zebrafish has become an essential model organism in modern biomedical research. Owing to its distinctive features and high grade of genomic homology with humans, it is increasingly employed to model diverse neurological disorders, both through geneti...
Open-cellular Ti6Al4V lattice structures have found application in porous scaffolds that can match the properties of human bone, which consists of a dense cortical shell and a less-dense cancellous core with an apparent density ranging from 1.3 to 2....
Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondrial lipid with diverse roles in cellular respiration, signaling, and organelle membrane structure. CL content and composition are essential for proper mitochondrial function. Deranged mitochondrial energy production an...
Recent discoveries in zinc biology provide a new platform for discussing the primary physiological functions of mammalian metallothioneins (MTs) and their exquisite zinc-dependent regulation. It is now understood that the control of cellular zinc hom...
Ageing, in a natural way, leads to the gradual worsening of the functional capacity of all systems and, eventually, to death. This process is strongly associated with higher metabolic and oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, accumulation of DNA...
Cellular senescence, a state of permanent cell cycle arrest in response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli, triggers a series of gradual alterations in structure, metabolism, and function, as well as inflammatory gene expression that nurtures a low-...
Additive manufacturing has emerged as a powerful approach for producing architected materials with tailored mechanical properties and enhanced energy absorption capabilities. By enabling precise control over geometry, relative density, and hierarchic...
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a long-lived, highly polarised epithelial monolayer that performs essential functions in retinal homeostasis, including outer blood–retina barrier maintenance, visual cycle activity, metabolic exchange, p...
Changes in nuclear shape have been extensively associated with the dynamics and functionality of cancer cells. In most normal cells, nuclei have a regular ellipsoid shape and minimal variation in nuclear size; however, an irregular nuclear contour an...
Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) is widely used as a food additive and has raised concerns about its potential systemic toxicity. However, its impact on cardiac cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function remains incompletely understood. In the...
Ceramides are key lipids in energetic-metabolic pathways and signaling cascades, modulating critical physiological functions in cells. While synthesis of ceramides is performed in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is altered under overnutrition condi...
Age-associated changes leading to a decline in cardiac structure and function contribute to the increased susceptibility and incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in elderly individuals. Indeed, age is considered a risk factor for heart failure...
Functionally graded multi-material architected structures fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM) were investigated to evaluate their multifunctional mechanical and dynamic performance. Sixteen honeycomb configurations incorporating poly(lactic...
Hand tendon/ligament structural ruptures (tears, lacerations) often require surgical reconstruction and grafting, for the restauration of finger mechanical functions. Clinical-grade human primary progenitor tenocytes (FE002 cryopreserved progenitor c...
Structural failure of the lead-carbon battery casing under external loads poses a serious threat to the safety of its energy storage function. To overcome the limitations of traditional protective casings regarding specific energy absorption (SEA) an...
Osteochondral (OC) tissue plays a crucial role due to its ability to connect bone and cartilage tissues. To address the complexity of structure and functionality at the bone–cartilage interface, relevant to the presence of the tidemark as a cri...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic progressive disease of the joint. Although representing the most frequent cause of disability in the elderly, OA remains partly obscure in its pathogenic mechanisms and is still the orphan of resolutive therapies. The...
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Trimix® on the microvilli and glycocalyx of ocular conjunctival epithelial cells, assessing drug persistence on the cell surface and its interaction with the glycocalyx. Microvilli, vital in...
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are increasingly detected in human tissues, but whether they influence biological ageing remains unresolved. This critical narrative review evaluates whether experimental evidence supports MNPs as potential chronic abio...
Population aging has markedly increased the burden of cancer in older adults, in whom frailty, sarcopenia, and reduced physiological reserve limit tolerance to treatment and worsen clinical outcomes. Aging is accompanied by progressive functional dec...
Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMSs) represent a progressive class of cellular materials with high potential for high-tech applications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of TPMS architectures, linking their mathematical underpinnings...
Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent degenerative condition, characterized by chronic pain, joint stiffness, and functional limitation, with a significant impact on quality of life. Conventional therapies have limited efficacy, espec...
This work investigates the mechanical behaviour of sandwich beams with cellular cores using a multiscale approach combined with a meshless method, the Natural Neighbour Radial Point Interpolation Method (NNRPIM). The analysis is divided into two step...
Human aging, a natural process characterized by structural and physiological changes, leads to alterations of homeostatic mechanisms, decline of biological functions, and subsequently, the organism becomes vulnerable to external stress or damage. In...
TBI (traumatic brain injury) is a major cause of death among youth in industrialized societies. Brain damage following traumatic injury is a result of direct and indirect mechanisms; indirect or secondary injury involves the initiation of an acute in...
Several bone grafts are available for clinical use, each with their own peculiar biological and mechanical properties. A new bone graft was obtained by combining mineral structures from natural bovine bones with bioresorbable polymers and cellular nu...
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