Materials Proceedings

8 pages, 1843 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Designing a Sustainable Organic Rankine Cycle for Remote Geothermal Heat Sources in Pakistan

by Muhammad Shoaib Ijaz, Marig Shabbir Ansari, Aftab Sabghatullah, Intesar Alam and Muhammad Qasim Zafar

Mater. Proc. 2025, 23(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025023010 - 31 Jul 2025

Abstract

This paper discusses a thorough analysis, as well as the design, of an environmentally friendly, single-stage Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system, particularly optimized for untapped geothermal applications in Pakistan that are secluded and off-grid, to tackle the severe energy crises choking this country [...] Read more.

This paper discusses a thorough analysis, as well as the design, of an environmentally friendly, single-stage Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system, particularly optimized for untapped geothermal applications in Pakistan that are secluded and off-grid, to tackle the severe energy crises choking this country and its resources. Keeping in mind its Global Warming Potential (GWP), as well as its performance in the ORC, r600a was chosen as the operating fluid. This study focuses on varying the temperature, pressure, and mass flow rate of not only the geothermal reservoir but that of the operating fluid in the ORC as well. The impacts of adjusting these parameters on the net power output, cycle efficiency, and component-wise exergy destruction, as well as the total exergy destruction, are examined extensively. Analyses of the component-wise exergy destruction found that the maximum exergy destruction occurred in the evaporator, whereas it was discovered that decreasing the condenser pressure below 350 kPa led to negative exergy destruction values, although the total exergy destruction remained positive. Full article

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11 pages, 1887 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Experimental Evaluation of Coefficient of Friction for Fretting Regimes

by Shumaila Fatima, Shahid Mehmood, Muhammad Awais Hamza, Atta Ur Rahman, Hafiz Samama Sumair, Soban Ullah, Muhammad Ammar Nasir, Muhammad Ehtisham and Husnain Zulfiqar Ali

Mater. Proc. 2025, 23(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025023009 - 31 Jul 2025

Abstract

This study investigates the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear behavior in fretting regimes—stick, stick–slip, and gross sliding—under dry and oil-lubricated conditions. Fretting tests were conducted by increasing oscillation amplitude from a few micrometers to 48 µm. In dry conditions, displacement amplitude initially [...] Read more.

This study investigates the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear behavior in fretting regimes—stick, stick–slip, and gross sliding—under dry and oil-lubricated conditions. Fretting tests were conducted by increasing oscillation amplitude from a few micrometers to 48 µm. In dry conditions, displacement amplitude initially rose rapidly, stabilizing after about 5 million load cycles, indicating steady-state behavior. The friction ratio (FR) surged early, peaking between 0.7 and 1.0, before declining to stable values, suggesting a shift from adhesive to stable frictional interaction. The minimal slip amplitude confirmed the predominance of the stick regime. Conversely, in oil-lubricated conditions, displacement amplitude stabilized after an initial increase, achieving higher amplitudes than in dry tests. The FR started below 0.2, gradually increasing to a peak around 10,000 load cycles for higher oscillation amplitudes (e.g., 15 µm), reflecting the lubricant’s role in reducing metal-to-metal contact. COF curves in lubricated tests showed smoother transitions and lower peak values compared to dry tests. These findings highlight the lubricant’s effectiveness in minimizing adhesion and enhancing sliding efficiency, offering insights for optimizing material performance in engineering applications. Full article

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7 pages, 1019 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Melting Boundaries: How Heat Transforms Recycled Bottles into Chemical Time Bombs

by Marwa Al-Ani and Noora Al-Qahtani

Mater. Proc. 2025, 22(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025022008 - 31 Jul 2025

Abstract

Plastic recycling, especially of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is essential for reducing plastic waste and promoting sustainability. This study examines the migration of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) from locally sourced recycled PET (rPET) bottles under high-temperature conditions (24 °C, 50 °C, and cyclic 70 [...] Read more.

Plastic recycling, especially of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is essential for reducing plastic waste and promoting sustainability. This study examines the migration of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) from locally sourced recycled PET (rPET) bottles under high-temperature conditions (24 °C, 50 °C, and cyclic 70 °C) over a period of three weeks. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed increased PAE leaching at elevated temperatures, though levels remained below international safety limits. Thermo-Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) confirmed that plastic caps exhibit higher thermal stability and decompose more completely than plastic bottles under various thermal conditions, highlighting the influence of material composition and thermal aging on degradation behavior. Findings highlight the importance of proper storage and ongoing monitoring to ensure consumer safety. Future research should investigate alternative plasticizers to improve the safety of PET recycling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2025 11th International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology)

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11 pages, 3090 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Investigating Mesh Sensitivity in Linear and Non-Linear Buckling Analysis of Composite Cylindrical Shells

by Shahmeer Khalid Chatha, Muhammad Sher Ali, Muhammad Noman Butt and Muhammad Usman

Mater. Proc. 2025, 23(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025023008 - 31 Jul 2025

Abstract

This study investigates mesh sensitivity in the buckling analysis of composite cylindrical shells using the finite element methods. Two Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) models with distinct layups were subjected to linear (Eigenvalue) and non-linear (Riks) analyses under axial compression. Mesh sizes ranging from [...] Read more.

This study investigates mesh sensitivity in the buckling analysis of composite cylindrical shells using the finite element methods. Two Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) models with distinct layups were subjected to linear (Eigenvalue) and non-linear (Riks) analyses under axial compression. Mesh sizes ranging from 50 mm to 2.5 mm were tested using Abaqus. The results revealed that the non-linear analysis is more mesh-sensitive and computationally demanding. Model-1 showed better convergence in non-linear analysis, with <1% error, while Model-2 favored linear analysis, with <0.5% error at finer meshes. The comparison of models results with the experimental data highlights the importance of an empirical correction factor. These findings provide practical guidelines for mesh selection in composite shell analysis. Full article

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7 pages, 1077 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Synergistic Copper–Nickel-Doped Biochar from Animal Waste as Efficient Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

by Ala Al-Ardah, Zainab Baloochi, Yousra Kamal, Moza Al-Neama, Haya Suwaidan, Mostafa Selim and Noora Al-Qahtani

Mater. Proc. 2025, 22(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025022007 - 31 Jul 2025

Abstract

As the global energy industry shifts away from fossil fuels, there is a growing need for sustainable and renewable hydrogen production methods. This research investigates the potential of using biochar derived from animal waste as a precursor for creating effective catalysts for the [...] Read more.

As the global energy industry shifts away from fossil fuels, there is a growing need for sustainable and renewable hydrogen production methods. This research investigates the potential of using biochar derived from animal waste as a precursor for creating effective catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). By incorporating copper and nickel into the biochar through hydrothermal processing, the study examined the resulting catalysts’ structural, chemical, and catalytic properties. Techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the successful integration of metallic nanoparticles and revealed notable changes in surface morphology, elemental composition, and functional group distribution. The Cu–Ni co-doped biochar catalyst (Cu–Ni/BC) demonstrated a significant 45% increase in hydrogen evolution efficiency compared to the undoped biochar control sample. These results highlight the synergistic effects of copper and nickel in enhancing the catalyst’s electron transfer capabilities and active site availability. This study offers a sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional hydrogen production catalysts, presenting considerable potential for waste valorization while promoting clean energy solutions. The research aligns with circular economy principles, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy technologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2025 11th International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology)

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12 pages, 953 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Lie Optimal Solutions of Heat Transfer in a Liquid Film over an Unsteady Stretching Surface with Viscous Dissipation and an External Magnetic Field

by Haris Ahmad, Chaudhry Kashif Iqbal, Muhammad Safdar, Bismah Jamil and Safia Taj

Mater. Proc. 2025, 23(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025023007 - 30 Jul 2025

Abstract

A lie point symmetry analysis of flow and heat transfer under the influence of an external magnetic field and viscous dissipation was previously conducted using a couple of lie point symmetries of the model. In this article, we construct a one-dimensional optimal system [...] Read more.

A lie point symmetry analysis of flow and heat transfer under the influence of an external magnetic field and viscous dissipation was previously conducted using a couple of lie point symmetries of the model. In this article, we construct a one-dimensional optimal system for the flow model to extend the previous analysis. This optimal system reveals all the solvable classes of the flow model by deducing similarity transformations, reducing flow equations, and solving the obtained equations analytically. A general class of solutions that encompasses all the previously known lie similarity solutions is provided here. Full article

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8 pages, 810 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Towards Cost Modelling for Rapid Prototyping and Tooling Technology-Based Investment Casting Process for Development of Low-Cost Dies

by Samina Bibi and Muhammad Sajid

Mater. Proc. 2025, 23(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025023006 - 30 Jul 2025

Abstract

In precision manufacturing, selecting the most economically viable process is essential for low-volume, high-complexity applications. This study compares the machining process (MP), conventional investment casting (CIC), and rapid prototyping (RP) through a mathematical cost model based on the activity-based costing (ABC) approach. The [...] Read more.

In precision manufacturing, selecting the most economically viable process is essential for low-volume, high-complexity applications. This study compares the machining process (MP), conventional investment casting (CIC), and rapid prototyping (RP) through a mathematical cost model based on the activity-based costing (ABC) approach. The model captures detailed cost drivers across design, logistics, production, and environmental dimensions. Results show that MP incurs the highest production cost (94.45%) but minimal logistics (3.43%). CIC bears the highest total cost and significant production overhead (93.2%), while RIC achieves the lowest total cost, driven by major savings in production (84.6%) and labor. Although RIC has slightly higher logistics than MP, it demonstrates superior economic efficiency for small-batch, high-accuracy production. This study provides a unified quantitative framework for cost comparison and offers valuable guidance for manufacturers aiming to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and profitability across diverse fabrication strategies. Full article

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10 pages, 1457 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Semi-Automated Framework for Standardized Vertebral Measurement with Enhanced Reproducibility in Lumbar Spine MRI Analysis

by Muhammad Hasan Masrur, Rana Talha Khalid, Khair Ul Wara, Abdul Alber, Faizan Ahmad, Zainab Bibi and Jawad Hussain

Mater. Proc. 2025, 23(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025023005 - 30 Jul 2025

Abstract

A semi-automated framework for vertebral measurement has been developed to overcome clinical limitations of subjectivity and poor reproducibility in spinal assessment. The framework integrates watershed segmentation with level-set functions and deterministic cylindrical modeling to convert pixel-based measurements to physical dimensions, achieving 2% reproducibility [...] Read more.

A semi-automated framework for vertebral measurement has been developed to overcome clinical limitations of subjectivity and poor reproducibility in spinal assessment. The framework integrates watershed segmentation with level-set functions and deterministic cylindrical modeling to convert pixel-based measurements to physical dimensions, achieving 2% reproducibility error. Interactive region-of-interest selection enables the effective handling of multi-vertebrae cases while preserving clinical expertise input. Validation using a lumbar spine MRI dataset on 515 patients confirms measurements fall within established anatomical parameters for L3–L5 vertebrae. This methodology provides a transparent, reproducible approach for standardized vertebral assessment that balances automation with clinical reasoning, offering immediate implementation potential without the computational demands and regulatory challenges associated with complex AI systems. Full article

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10 pages, 1309 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Sustainable Approach to Cooking: Design and Evaluation of a Sun-Tracking Concentrated Solar Stove

by Hasan Ali Khan, Malik Hassan Nawaz, Main Omair Gul and Mazhar Javed

Mater. Proc. 2025, 23(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025023004 - 29 Jul 2025

Abstract

Access to clean cooking remains a major challenge in rural and off-grid areas where traditional fuels are costly, harmful, or scarce. Solar cooking offers a sustainable solution, but many existing systems suffer from fixed positioning and low efficiency. This study presents a low-cost, [...] Read more.

Access to clean cooking remains a major challenge in rural and off-grid areas where traditional fuels are costly, harmful, or scarce. Solar cooking offers a sustainable solution, but many existing systems suffer from fixed positioning and low efficiency. This study presents a low-cost, dual-axis solar tracking parabolic dish cooker designed for such regions, featuring adjustable pot holder height and portability for ease of use. The system uses an Arduino UNO, LDR sensors, and a DC gear motor to automate sun tracking, ensuring optimal alignment throughout the day. A 0.61 m parabolic dish with ≥97% reflective silver-coated mirrors concentrates sunlight to temperatures exceeding 300 °C. Performance tests in April, June, and November showed boiling times as low as 3.37 min in high-irradiance conditions (7.66 kWh/m²/day) and 6.63 min under lower-irradiance conditions (3.86 kWh/m²/day). Compared to fixed or single-axis systems, this design achieved higher thermal efficiency and reliability, even under partially cloudy skies. Built with locally available materials, the system offers an affordable, clean, and effective cooking solution that supports energy access, health, and sustainability in underserved communities. Full article

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9 pages, 1792 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Comparative Analysis of the Impact Behavior of Honeycomb Sandwich Composites

by Yasir Zaman, Shahzad Ahmad, Muhammad Bilal Khan, Babar Ashfaq and Muhammad Qasim Zafar

Mater. Proc. 2025, 23(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025023003 - 29 Jul 2025

Abstract

The increasing need for materials that are both lightweight and strong in the aerospace and automotive sectors has driven the extensive use of composite sandwich structures. This study examines the impact response of honeycomb sandwich composites fabricated using the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding [...] Read more.

The increasing need for materials that are both lightweight and strong in the aerospace and automotive sectors has driven the extensive use of composite sandwich structures. This study examines the impact response of honeycomb sandwich composites fabricated using the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) technique. Two configurations were analyzed, namely carbon–honeycomb–carbon (CHC) and carbon–Kevlar–honeycomb–Kevlar–carbon (CKHKC), to assess the effect of Kevlar reinforcement on impact resistance. Charpy impact testing was conducted to evaluate energy absorption, revealing that CKHKC composites exhibited significantly superior impact resistance compared to CHC composites. The CKHKC composite achieved an average impact strength of 70.501 KJ/m², which is approximately 73.8% higher than the 40.570 KJ/m² recorded for CHC. This improvement is attributed to Kevlar’s superior toughness and energy dissipation capabilities. A comparative assessment of impact energy absorption further highlights the advantages of hybrid Kevlar–carbon fiber composites, making them highly suitable for applications requiring enhanced impact performance. These findings provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of high-performance honeycomb sandwich structures for impact-critical environments. Full article

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8 pages, 3432 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Enhanced Electrochemical Energy Storage via FeCoS/RGO Composites

by Muhammad Tariq and Mohsin Ali Marwat

Mater. Proc. 2025, 23(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025023002 - 25 Jul 2025

Abstract

Supercapacitors are considered a bridge between batteries and capacitors due to their significant energy density, as well as power density. Herein, we prepared two novel electrodes of Fe_0.8Co_0.2S and Fe_0.8Co_0.2S/rGO composites and analyzed their supercapacitor [...] Read more.

Supercapacitors are considered a bridge between batteries and capacitors due to their significant energy density, as well as power density. Herein, we prepared two novel electrodes of Fe_0.8Co_0.2S and Fe_0.8Co_0.2S/rGO composites and analyzed their supercapacitor performance. The results indicated that Fe_0.8Co_0.2S/rGO, prepared through co-precipitation and annealing, exhibited a higher specific capacitance value and improved electrochemical properties in comparison to Fe_0.8Co_0.2S due to the synergistic effect of rGO with Fe_0.8Co_0.2S. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the desired phases of Fe_0.8Co_0.2S, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) verified the microstructures and desired elements. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) confirmed an enhanced oxidation current from +25 mA to +49 mA at 10 mV/s, while galvanometric charge–discharge (GCD) showed an enhanced discharge time from 78 s to 300 s. As a result, the specific capacitance and energy density were enhanced from 74.3 F/g to 285.7 F/g and 2.84 Wh/kg to 10.9 Wh/kg, respectively. This contributed to a more than 283% increase in specific capacitance, as well as energy density. Overall, Fe_0.8Co_0.2S/rGO shows great potential for small-scale energy storage devices. Full article

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7 pages, 481 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Working Fluid Selection for Biogas-Powered Organic Rankine Cycle-Vapor Compression Cycle

by Muhammad Talha, Nawaf Mehmood Malik, Muhammad Tauseef Nasir, Waqas Khalid, Muhammad Safdar and Khawaja Fahad Iqbal

Mater. Proc. 2025, 23(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025023001 - 25 Jul 2025

Abstract

The worldwide need for energy as well as environmental challenges have promoted the creation of sustainable power solutions. The combination of different working fluids is used for an organic Rankine cycle-powered vapor compression cycle (ORC-VCC) to deliver cooling applications. The selection of an [...] Read more.

The worldwide need for energy as well as environmental challenges have promoted the creation of sustainable power solutions. The combination of different working fluids is used for an organic Rankine cycle-powered vapor compression cycle (ORC-VCC) to deliver cooling applications. The selection of an appropriate working fluid significantly impacts system performance, efficiency, and environmental impact. The research evaluates possible working fluids to optimize the ORC-VCC system. Firstly, Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-derived models are used for exergy destruction ( E d t o t ) and heat exchanger total heat transfer capacity ( U A t o t ). Later on, multi-objective optimization was carried out using the acquired models for E d t o t and U A t o t using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) followed by the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The optimization results showcase Decane ORC-R600a VCC as the best candidate for the ORC-VCC system; the values of E d t o t and U A t o t were found to be 24.50 kW and 6.71 kW/K, respectively. The research data show how viable it is to implement biogas-driven ORC-VCC systems when providing air conditioning capabilities. Full article

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8 pages, 1058 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Review of Global Microplastic (MP) Databases: A Study on the Challenges and Opportunities for Data Integration in the Context of MP Pollution

by Hussain Ahamed, Marwa Al-Ani, Ala Al-Ardah and Noora Al-Qahtani

Mater. Proc. 2025, 22(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025022006 - 21 Jul 2025

Abstract

Microplastic (MP) pollution is an escalating global environmental concern, with a growing body of research addressing diverse dimensions of this issue. Despite this progress, the field remains hindered by generating large, heterogeneous datasets that follow inconsistent reporting standards, resulting in fragmented and often [...] Read more.

Microplastic (MP) pollution is an escalating global environmental concern, with a growing body of research addressing diverse dimensions of this issue. Despite this progress, the field remains hindered by generating large, heterogeneous datasets that follow inconsistent reporting standards, resulting in fragmented and often incompatible databases. While various databases on MPs have been developed, they primarily operate in isolation, limiting the accessibility and cross-comparison of data. This study presents a foundational approach to aggregating and accessing existing MP pollution datasets. A comprehensive review of the currently available databases was conducted to evaluate their integration potential. It revealed key challenges such as non-standardized data formats, limited accessibility, and difficulty performing comparative analyses across sources. To address these barriers, a prototype web-based platform was developed that enables unified access to MP datasets. The architecture includes a smart standardization layer that harmonizes inputs from disparate sources. The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) techniques was proposed to facilitate natural language querying. This enables researchers to interact with the platform intuitively and extract meaningful insights more efficiently. The proposed system aims to enhance data discoverability, promote interoperability, and support robust, data-driven environmental research, paving the way toward more informed policy-making and scientific collaboration in the fight against MP pollution. With this platform, there is a potential for new discoveries and a future in which the tools to effectively combat this global issue are available, making the audience realize the potential for new discoveries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2025 11th International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology)

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8 pages, 961 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analyzing Small-Particle Contamination in Disposable Food Service Ware, Drinking Water, and Commercial Table Salt in Doha, Qatar

by Marwa Al-Ani, Ala Al-Ardah, Mennatalla Kuna, Zainab Smati, Asma Mohamed, Mostafa Sliem and Noora Al-Qahtani

Mater. Proc. 2025, 22(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025022005 - 18 Jul 2025

Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as pervasive environmental contaminants due to their widespread presence across various ecosystems, including their use in single-use plastic food ware and table salt dispensers. This issue coincides with the presence of heavy metals in water sources in Doha, Qatar. [...] Read more.

Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as pervasive environmental contaminants due to their widespread presence across various ecosystems, including their use in single-use plastic food ware and table salt dispensers. This issue coincides with the presence of heavy metals in water sources in Doha, Qatar. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed that the plastic plate and spoon were composed of polyolefin, with the spoon exhibiting additional peaks that indicated oxidation or the presence of additives. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) revealed that the spoon exhibited higher thermal stability, retaining approximately 10% of its mass at 700 °C, than the plate, which retained 2%, indicating the presence of complex additives or contamination. MPs in food-grade salt samples were verified through filtration and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, identifying polymers such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). These MPs likely stem from exposure to packaging or environmental contaminants. FTIR spectra confirmed the integrity of the polymers after treatment. Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis revealed varying levels of heavy metals in bottled and tap water, with notable findings including detectable arsenic and lead in both, higher calcium and magnesium in bottled water, and the presence of copper present in tap water only, highlighting potential health and infrastructure-related concerns. These results highlight the possible risks associated with exposure to MPs and heavy metals from everyday products and water sources, underscoring the need for enhanced regulatory oversight and safer material choices to ensure protection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2025 11th International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology)

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8 pages, 2222 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Advanced 3D Polymeric Sponges Offer Promising Solutions for Addressing Environmental Challenges in Qatar’s Marine Ecosystems

by Mohamed Helally, Mostafa H. Sliem and Noora Al-Qahtani

Mater. Proc. 2025, 22(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025022004 - 18 Jul 2025

Abstract

The increasing incidence of oil contamination in many aquatic ecosystems, particularly in oil-rich regions such as Qatar, poses significant threats to marine life and human activities. Our study addresses the critical need for effective and eco-friendly oil-water separation techniques, focusing on developing graphene [...] Read more.

The increasing incidence of oil contamination in many aquatic ecosystems, particularly in oil-rich regions such as Qatar, poses significant threats to marine life and human activities. Our study addresses the critical need for effective and eco-friendly oil-water separation techniques, focusing on developing graphene and chitosan-based three-dimensional (3D) polymeric sponges. These materials have demonstrated potential due to their high porosity and surface area, which can be enhanced through surface treatment to improve hydrophobicity and oleophilicity. This study introduces a new technique dependent on the optimization of the graphene oxide (GO) concentration within the composite sponge to achieve a superior oil uptake capacity (51.4 g oil/g sponge at 3% GO), and the detailed characterization of the material’s performance in separating heavy oil-water emulsions. Our study seeks to answer key questions regarding the performance of these modified sponges and their scalability for industrial applications. This research directly aligns with Qatar’s environmental goals and develops sustainable oil-water separation technologies. It addresses the pressing challenges of oil spills, ultimately contributing to improved marine ecosystem protection and efficient resource recovery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2025 11th International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology)

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8 pages, 706 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Developing a Nature-Inspired Sustainability Assessment Tool: The Role of Materials Efficiency

by Olusegun Oguntona

Mater. Proc. 2025, 22(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025022003 - 17 Jul 2025

Abstract

The global push for sustainable development has intensified the need for innovative tools to assess and enhance sustainability in the built environment. This study explores the role of materials efficiency (ME) within a nature-inspired sustainability assessment framework, focusing on green building projects in [...] Read more.

The global push for sustainable development has intensified the need for innovative tools to assess and enhance sustainability in the built environment. This study explores the role of materials efficiency (ME) within a nature-inspired sustainability assessment framework, focusing on green building projects in South Africa. Using a nature-based (biomimicry) approach, this study identifies and prioritises key ME criteria such as eco-friendly materials, local sourcing, and responsible processing. The methodology employed the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), with input from 38 carefully sampled construction experts, to rank ME criteria through pairwise comparisons. The findings revealed that eco-friendly materials (29.5%) and locally sourced materials (25.1%) were the highest-weighted factors, with strong expert consensus (CR = 0.01). The study highlights how nature-inspired principles like closed-loop systems and minimal waste can guide sustainable construction aligned with global goals such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The conclusion advocates for integrating ME criteria into green certification systems, industry collaboration, and further research to scale the framework globally. This study bridges biomimicry theory with practical sustainability assessment, offering actionable insights for the built environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2025 11th International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology)

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7 pages, 1785 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimizing a Cu-Ni Nanoalloy-Coated Mesoporous Carbon for Efficient CO₂ Electroreduction †

by Manal B. Alhamdan, Ahmed Bahgat Radwan and Noora Al-Qahtani

Mater. Proc. 2025, 22(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025022002 - 16 Jul 2025

Abstract

Reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide is a critical global priority. This study investigates the influence of Cu-Ni nanoalloy loading on the CO₂ electroreduction efficiency in the context of mesoporous carbon supports. Current methods struggle when it comes to catalyst efficiency, selectivity, and longevity. [...] Read more.

Reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide is a critical global priority. This study investigates the influence of Cu-Ni nanoalloy loading on the CO₂ electroreduction efficiency in the context of mesoporous carbon supports. Current methods struggle when it comes to catalyst efficiency, selectivity, and longevity. By synthesizing copper–nickel nanoparticles through chemical reduction and depositing them on porous carbon, this research aimed to optimize catalyst loading and understand the structure–activity relationships. Catalyst performance was evaluated using chronoamperometry and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The results showed that 12 wt% catalyst loading achieved optimal CO₂ reduction, outperforming its 36 wt% counterpart by balancing the catalyst quantity. This study reveals that 12 wt% Cu-Ni loading provides a higher CO₂ reduction current density and greater long-term stability than 36 wt% loading, owing to better nanoparticle dispersion and reduced aggregation. Unlike previous Cu-Ni/mesoporous carbon studies, this work uniquely compares different loadings to directly correlate the structure, electrochemical performance, and catalyst durability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2025 11th International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology)

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8 pages, 180 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Implementation Benefits of Modular Building Practices in the Construction Sector

by Ifije Ohiomah, Olusegun Oguntona and Emmanuel Ayorinde

Mater. Proc. 2025, 22(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025022001 - 15 Jul 2025

Abstract

The construction industry faces significant challenges such as environmental degradation, resource depletion, waste generation, and pollution, necessitating a shift toward sustainable practices. This study explores the benefits of implementing modular building practices (MBP) as a transformative solution. A quantitative research approach was employed, [...] Read more.

The construction industry faces significant challenges such as environmental degradation, resource depletion, waste generation, and pollution, necessitating a shift toward sustainable practices. This study explores the benefits of implementing modular building practices (MBP) as a transformative solution. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilising a structured questionnaire distributed to active and practising construction professionals. Data were analysed using mean item scores and standard deviation, with Cronbach’s alpha confirming the reliability of the research instrument (α = 0.961). The findings reveal that MBPs offer significant benefits, including eco-friendly operations, reduced material wastage, improved safety, and high productivity, among others. The discussion highlights MBPs’ potential to address environmental and economic challenges, aligning with global sustainability goals. The study concludes that MBP is a viable alternative to traditional construction, recommending policy support, industry collaboration, and further research to optimise its adoption and integration into the construction sector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2025 11th International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology)

1 pages, 120 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Statement of Peer Review

by Giuseppe Carbone

Mater. Proc. 2025, 20(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025020010 - 17 Jun 2025

Abstract

n/a Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Biomimetics)

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