Skip to Content
You are currently on the new version of our website. Access the old version .

949 Results Found

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
31 Citations
6,288 Views
21 Pages

Tackling Old Challenges in Microalgal Biotechnology: The Role of Photobioreactors to Advance the Technology Readiness Level

  • Mariany Costa Deprá,
  • Rosangela Rodrigues Dias,
  • Leila Queiroz Zepka and
  • Eduardo Jacob-Lopes

29 December 2024

Microalgae biotechnology has taken the world by storm. However, despite its great potential promise, it still cannot be considered a fully consolidated technology due to a crucial challenge: the low rates of biomass productivity. To overcome this hur...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioreactor Design and Optimization Process)
  • Review
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,239 Views
25 Pages

Technology Readiness Level Assessment of Pleurotus spp. Enzymes for Lignocellulosic Biomass Deconstruction

  • Dinalva Schein,
  • Olimpio C. Escosteguy,
  • Gustavo N. Pezzini,
  • João H. C. Wancura and
  • Marcio A. Mazutti

29 December 2025

The valorization of lignocellulosic biomass has been attracting interest in several industrial areas due to its potential to produce high-value-added compounds. Among these products, lignocellulosic enzymes stand out, capable of degrading biomass int...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass Treatment and Pyrolysis Processes)
  • Review
  • Open Access
14 Citations
8,313 Views
15 Pages

Technology Readiness Level of Robotic Technology and Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review

  • Leonardo Mohamad Nassani,
  • Kanza Javed,
  • Rafat Samih Amer,
  • Ming Hong Jim Pun and ,
  • Ahmed Z. Abdelkarim and
  • Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

18 April 2024

This comprehensive review assessed the integration of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry, offering a transparent overview of developments across dental fields. Covering articles in prosthodontics, orthodontics, implantology, surge...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
8,742 Views
23 Pages

Technology Readiness Level Roadmap for Developing Innovative Herbal Medicinal Products

  • Eduardo Pagani,
  • Cristina Dislich Ropke,
  • Cristiane Mota Soares,
  • Sandra Aurora Chavez Perez and ,
  • Paulo José Coelho Benevides,
  • Barbara Sena Barbosa,
  • Ana Cecilia Bezerra Carvalho and
  • Maria Dutra Behrens
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

Despite the vast global botanical diversity, the pharmaceutical development of herbal medicinal products (HMPs) remains underexploited. Of over 370,000 described plant species, only a few hundred are utilized in HMPs. Most of these have originated fr...

(This article belongs to the Section Natural Products)
  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
5,084 Views
15 Pages

24 April 2023

The challenge of achieving net-zero carbon emissions in the shipping sector is a pressing issue that is yet to be fully overcome. While new fuels and technologies hold promise for the future, they are not currently viable solutions on a large scale i...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Research Trends of Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS))
  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
9,784 Views
20 Pages

27 April 2023

Most power plants, particularly those that burn fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, create CO2, a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. By 2060, the Indonesian government has committed to reach net zero emissions. With the lowest CO...

(This article belongs to the Topic Low Carbon Economy and Sustainable Development)
  • Article
  • Open Access
51 Citations
8,541 Views
23 Pages

24 April 2021

The continuous increase of energy demand with the subsequent huge fossil fuel consumption is provoking dramatic environmental consequences. The main challenge of this century is to develop and promote alternative, more eco-friendly energy production...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Adaptation and Mitigation through Sustainable Energy Solutions)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
61 Citations
15,161 Views
51 Pages

Physical Modelling of Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations for TRL (Technology Readiness Level) Studies

  • Subhamoy Bhattacharya,
  • Domenico Lombardi,
  • Sadra Amani,
  • Muhammad Aleem and ,
  • Ganga Prakhya,
  • Sondipon Adhikari,
  • Abdullahi Aliyu,
  • Nicholas Alexander,
  • Ying Wang and
  • Nathan Vimalan
  • + 10 authors+ 5 authors

Offshore wind turbines are a complex, dynamically sensitive structure due to their irregular mass and stiffness distribution, and complexity of the loading conditions they need to withstand. There are other challenges in particular locations such as...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Offshore Wind Soil–Structure Interaction (SSI))
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
11,554 Views
11 Pages

Demand Response Technology Readiness Levels for Energy Management in Blocks of Buildings

  • Tracey Crosbie,
  • John Broderick,
  • Michael Short,
  • Richard Charlesworth and
  • Muneeb Dawood

24 January 2018

Fossil fuels deliver most of the flexibility in contemporary electricity systems. The pressing need to reduce CO2 emissions requires new methods to provide this flexibility. Demand response (DR) offers consumers a significant role in the delivery of...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from Sustainable Places 2017 (SP2017) Conference)
  • Review
  • Open Access
39 Citations
5,399 Views
18 Pages

A Review of Technology Readiness Levels for Superconducting Electric Machinery

  • Bárbara Maria Oliveira Santos,
  • Fernando Jorge Monteiro Dias,
  • Frederic Trillaud,
  • Guilherme Gonçalves Sotelo and
  • Rubens de Andrade Junior

12 August 2023

Superconducting electric machines (SEMs) have the potential to be commercially available in the coming years. This commercialization depends on the availability of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) produced on a large scale. HTSs have high curre...

(This article belongs to the Section F: Electrical Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
10,240 Views
14 Pages

Climate and social changes are deeply affecting current agro-food systems. Unsustainable agricultural practices and the low profitability of small farmers are challenging the agricultural development of rural areas. This study aims to develop a novel...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Cost Inventions and Patents)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,560 Views
36 Pages

9 February 2026

This paper presents a hybrid qualitative–quantitative framework for assessing the technical feasibility and system readiness of emerging multimodal mobility concepts, with specific application to the Pods4Rail project. The methodology integrate...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Solutions and Technologies for Smart Mobility and Vehicle Safety in Transportation)
  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,638 Views
24 Pages

1 April 2020

Many papers related to this topic can be found in the bibliography; however, just a modest percentage of the introduced techniques are developed to a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) sufficiently high to be implementable in industrial applications. T...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Rotating Electric Machines)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
6,246 Views
24 Pages

Monitoring and Forecasting of Key Functions and Technologies for Automated Driving

  • Christian Ulrich,
  • Benjamin Frieske,
  • Stephan A. Schmid and
  • Horst E. Friedrich

20 May 2022

Companies facing transformation in the automotive industry will need to adapt to new trends, technologies and functions, in order to remain competitive. The challenge is to anticipate such trends and to forecast their development over time. The aim o...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,809 Views
34 Pages

Technology Readiness and System-Level Maturity of Aerospace Development in Peru: An Engineering-Based Systematic Review

  • Brayan Espinoza-Garcia,
  • Oswaldo R. Banda-Sayco,
  • Gerson Márquez and
  • Stamber Alvaro Ramírez-Revilla

This paper presents a comprehensive technology-oriented review of aerospace development in Peru, integrating historical scientific infrastructure, suborbital experimentation, orbital satellite missions, and a systematic literature review of contempor...

(This article belongs to the Section Information and Communication Technologies)
  • Review
  • Open Access
86 Citations
21,899 Views
25 Pages

Current Readiness Status of Electric Vehicles in Indonesia: Multistakeholder Perceptions

  • Meilinda Fitriani Nur Maghfiroh,
  • Andante Hadi Pandyaswargo and
  • Hiroshi Onoda

28 November 2021

As a net oil importer since 2004, Indonesia’s success in developing fuel economy and infrastructure for electric vehicles would be vital to ensuring energy security and decarbonization from the transport sector. Following the Presidential Regul...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
5,751 Views
16 Pages

Bridging Social and Technical Sciences: Introduction of the Societal Embeddedness Level

  • Marit Sprenkeling,
  • Tara Geerdink,
  • Adriaan Slob and
  • Amber Geurts

27 August 2022

The successful and fast development and deployment of renewable energy and greenhouse gas reduction technologies is a continuing and structural challenge. The deployment of these technologies is slowed down and sometimes even stalled due to societal...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in the Utilization of Underground Energy and Space)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
15,650 Views
17 Pages

11 December 2021

Innovation-driven enterprises (IDEs) steer their businesses with ideas, technology, and innovation. However, many of them have limited resources, capabilities, and readiness to turn their valuable creativity into marketable products. For IDE startups...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Innovative Economy: Technology Management and Entrepreneurship)
  • Article
  • Open Access
546 Views
32 Pages

From Protected Concept to Validated Prototype: TRL Assessment of a Utility-Model Protected Compact LiBr–H2O Evaporator–Absorber Subsystem with Exploratory Neural Network Analysis

  • Germán Díaz-Flórez,
  • Santiago Villagrana-Barraza,
  • Ma. Auxiliadora Araiza-Esquivel,
  • Sodel Vázquez-Reyes and ,
  • Perla Velasco-Elizondo,
  • Luis E. Bañuelos-García,
  • Mario Molina-Almaraz and
  • Genis Díaz-Flórez
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

This manuscript presents a patent-based engineering case study of a compact LiBr–H2O evaporator–absorber unit, tracing its progression from conceptual embodiment to laboratory validation through contextualized technology-readiness assessm...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Inventions)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,218 Views
26 Pages

20 March 2026

Digital Twin (DT) technologies are widely discussed in the context of Industry 4.0 and advanced manufacturing; however, their role in supporting the sustainability and survival of academic spin-offs remains underexplored. This paper argues that, part...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,831 Views
29 Pages

Prioritizing Research for Enhancing the Technology Readiness Level of Wind Turbine Blade Leading-Edge Erosion Solutions

  • Sara C. Pryor,
  • Rebecca J. Barthelmie,
  • Jacob J. Coburn,
  • Xin Zhou and ,
  • Marianne Rodgers,
  • Heather Norton,
  • M. Sergio Campobasso,
  • Beatriz Méndez López,
  • Charlotte Bay Hasager and
  • Leon Mishnaevsky
  • + 5 authors+ 0 author

13 December 2024

An enhanced understanding of the mechanisms responsible for wind turbine blade leading-edge erosion (LEE) and advancing technology readiness level (TRL) solutions for monitoring its environmental drivers, reducing LEE, detecting LEE evolution, and mi...

(This article belongs to the Section A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
320 Views
31 Pages

ML-Enhanced Simulation for Industry 4.0: Integrating Heterogeneous Systems via Communication Infrastructure

  • Elisabeth Hoecker,
  • Reinhard Bernsteiner,
  • Christian Ploder and
  • Michael Kohlegger

20 September 2026

Industry 4.0 depends on the ability to connect heterogeneous systems, yet students and practitioners rarely have a low-risk environment in which to practice this kind of systems integration. This article presents a virtual-prototyping architecture de...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Engineering Education: Design, Practice and Development)
  • Opinion
  • Open Access
25 Citations
4,403 Views
8 Pages

Pediatric patients, particularly in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units (NICUs and PICUs), are typically at an increased risk of fatal decompensation. That being said, any delay in treatment or minor errors in medication dosage can overcompli...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,720 Views
27 Pages

26 June 2025

Companies underestimate the cost of digitalization when introducing new technologies and practices in existing work environments. Although the technologies are well developed and on the market for many decades, their application and integration into...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,095 Views
16 Pages

An Additional Model to Control Risk in Mastering Defense Technology in Indonesia

  • Faried Jaendar Muda,
  • Rajesri Govindaraju and
  • Iwan Inrawan Wiratmadja

31 January 2022

Reverse engineering is widely used to acquire defence technology relatively quickly. However, this process carries the risk of creating uncertainty, leading to significant investments if the process is not controlled. A technology readiness level (TR...

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
7,787 Views
33 Pages

Applicability of Technology Maturity Level Evaluation Methodologies within Small- and Medium-Sized Organizations: Prospects and Proposals

  • Nuria Rodríguez López,
  • José Valeriano Alvarez Cabal,
  • Marcos Cueto Cuiñas and
  • Francisco Ortega Fernndez

28 July 2023

Most industrial companies (e.g., SMEs or start-ups) have very limited assets (time, human, and financial efforts, etc.) for the development of their R&D projects. To be competitive, these organizations must carefully evaluate the feasibility of t...

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Theory and Methodology)
  • Review
  • Open Access
213 Views
23 Pages

13 October 2026

Buckwheat dehulling produces a concentrated side stream rich in dietary fibre and phenolic compounds. The lignocellulosic structure of the hull also makes it suitable for several forms of material and thermochemical processing. Earlier reviews have f...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biorefining Processes: From Lignocellulosic Waste to Functional Materials and Green Chemicals)
  • Review
  • Open Access
18 Citations
9,923 Views
36 Pages

Review and Evaluation of Automated Charging Technologies for Heavy-Duty Vehicles

  • Emma Piedel,
  • Enrico Lauth,
  • Alexander Grahle and
  • Dietmar Göhlich

Automated charging technologies are becoming increasingly important in the electrification of heavy road freight transport, especially in combination with autonomous driving. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of automated charging technolo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,274 Views
16 Pages

Study to Increase the TRL of Exoskeleton ERMIS Based on a Methodology to the Identification of Real Performance Parameters

  • José Luis Medina-Valdes,
  • Luis Adrián Zúñiga-Avilés,
  • Giorgio Mackenzie Cruz-Martínez,
  • Adriana Herlinda Vilchis-González and
  • Usiel Sandino Silva-Rivera

4 October 2021

Many exoskeletons in scientific communications and patents only reach a technology readiness level corresponding to an experimental physical model (EPM) or a low-fidelity prototype. While only operational in a laboratory environment, the increasing t...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,459 Views
16 Pages

Technology Assessment Models in Healthcare Education: An Integrative Review and Future Perspectives in the Era of AI and VR

  • Beatriz Alvarado-Robles,
  • Alma Guadalupe Rodriguez-Ramirez,
  • David Luviano-Cruz,
  • Diana Ortiz-Muñoz and ,
  • Victor Manuel Alonso-Mendoza and
  • Francesco Garcia-Luna
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

24 January 2026

This systematic integrative review examines methodological frameworks used to evaluate educational technologies in biomedical higher education. We synthesize five complementary approaches frequently reported in the literature: the Technology Acceptan...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virtual Reality (VR) in Healthcare)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1,362 Views
33 Pages

Behavioral Welfare Monitoring in Laying Hens: From Ethology to Artificial Intelligence—A Narrative Review

  • Allan Lincoln Rodrigues Siriani,
  • Danilo Florentino Pereira,
  • Juliana de Souza Granja Barros and
  • Daniella Jorge de Moura

Automated monitoring of welfare-relevant behavior in laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) has advanced with developments in computer vision, deep learning, and precision livestock farming (PLF). This narrative review integrates the ethological basi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Management Technologies for Precision Livestock Farming)
  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
2,659 Views
4 Pages

The Wave Energy Converter CECO: Current Status and Future Perspectives

  • Mario López,
  • Paulo Rosa-Santos,
  • Francisco Taveira-Pinto,
  • Víctor Ramos and
  • Claudio A. Rodríguez

31 October 2018

This work reviews the advances in the development of CECO, a wave energy converter (WEC) of the floating oscillating bodies subgroup that has its motions and power take-off system (PTO) restricted to an inclined direction. For this purpose, the revie...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Research Conference on Sustainable Energy, Engineering, Materials and Environment)
  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
37 Citations
22,774 Views
24 Pages

Upper Limb Prostheses by the Level of Amputation: A Systematic Review

  • Diego Segura,
  • Enzo Romero,
  • Victoria E. Abarca and
  • Dante A. Elias

19 March 2024

This review article aims to provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the latest trends in adult upper limb prostheses, specifically targeting various amputation levels such as transradial, transmetacarpal, transcarpal, and transhumeral. A sys...

(This article belongs to the Section Orthopedics and Rehabilitation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,958 Views
24 Pages

9 October 2025

Achieving decarbonization targets in the aviation sector requires transformative approaches to sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production. In this pursuit, feedstock innovation has emerged as a critical challenge. This research uses the U.S. SAF Gran...

  • Review
  • Open Access
21 Citations
6,685 Views
13 Pages

29 January 2019

Energy system decarbonisation and changing consumer behaviours will create and destroy new markets in the electric power sector. This means that the energy industry will have to adapt their business models in order to capture these pools of value. Re...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10 Years Energies - Horizon 2028)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,724 Views
25 Pages

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) presents emerging economies with an invaluable opportunity to reshape their market standings and reach a competitive advantage. Nonetheless, the acquisition and development of IoT technologies poses si...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pioneering Approaches and Global Challenges in Business, Management and Economic Engineering)
  • Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,173 Views
38 Pages

Agricultural marketing increasingly integrates Agriculture 4.0 technologies—Blockchain, AI/ML, IoT, and recommendation systems—yet systematic evaluations of computational maturity and deployment readiness remain limited. This Systematic L...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,500 Views
11 Pages

Level of Technological Maturity of Telemonitoring Systems Focused on Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis Treatment: A Systematic Literature Review

  • Alejandro Villanueva Cerón,
  • Eduardo López Domínguez,
  • Saúl Domínguez Isidro,
  • María Auxilio Medina Nieto and ,
  • Jorge De La Calleja and
  • Saúl Eduardo Pomares Hernández
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

In the field of eHealth, several works have proposed telemonitoring systems focused on patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. Nevertheless, no secondary study presents a comparative analysis of these...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Healthcare: Biomedical Technology and Integrated Artificial Intelligence)
  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
1,146 Views
21 Pages

This study integrates a Systematic Literature Review (PRISMA 2020) with a bibliometric analysis to examine how global research on microalgae biotechnology has incorporated innovation management, technology transfer, and dynamic capabilities. A total...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Monitoring for Drinking Water Supply and Management)
  • Review
  • Open Access
252 Citations
55,389 Views
39 Pages

16 September 2020

Through a systematic review of publications in reputed peer-reviewed journals, this paper investigates the role of blockchain technology in sustainable supply chain management. It uses the What, Who, Where, When, How, and Why (5W+1H) pattern to formu...

  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
1,695 Views
33 Pages

Alternative Configurations for the Intensification of the Anaerobic Digestion Process: A Comprehensive Review

  • Ahmed Elsayed,
  • Amr Mustafa Abdelrahman,
  • Marwan Al Saleh,
  • Mohamed Sherif Zagloul and ,
  • Farokh Laqa Kakar,
  • Christopher Muller,
  • Katherine Y. Bell,
  • Domenico Santoro,
  • John Norton and
  • Elsayed Elbeshbishy
  • + 7 authors+ 2 authors

19 February 2026

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a key technology for energy recovery in wastewater treatment plants, converting organic matter into methane-rich biogas. However, its efficiency is constrained by slow reaction rates, particularly during hydrolysis and met...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biogas in the Circular Bioeconomy: Processes, Integration and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,158 Views
23 Pages

31 October 2025

The use of insects for feed has a significant impact on aquaculture, contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal of Zero Hunger and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2), among others. This study mapped the intermediate Technology R...

(This article belongs to the Section Animal Nutrition)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,573 Views
42 Pages

20 March 2026

Urban blue–green infrastructure (BGI), comprising vegetation and aquatic elements, is fundamental to city resilience and climate adaptation. Effective BGI management necessitates high-resolution, spatially accurate data for which Unmanned Aeria...

  • Feature Paper
  • Concept Paper
  • Open Access
28 Citations
5,566 Views
12 Pages

17 December 2019

The majority of commercially oriented microfluidic technologies provide novel point-of-use solutions for laboratory automation with important areas in the context of the life sciences such as health care, biopharma, veterinary medicine and agrifood a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microsystems for Point-of-Care Testing)
  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
790 Views
22 Pages

14 June 2026

Reducing building energy consumption is central to EU climate-neutrality targets and to sustainable development goals: buildings account for around 40% of EU final energy consumption, placing Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) at the intersect...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Driven Multi-Technology Renewable Energy Systems: Climate Resilience and Sustainable Management)
  • Review
  • Open Access
24 Citations
7,090 Views
48 Pages

23 July 2025

Carbon capture technologies are largely considered to play a crucial role in meeting the climate change and global warming target set by Net Zero Emission (NZE) 2050. These technologies can contribute to clean energy transitions and emissions reducti...

(This article belongs to the Section I3: Energy Chemistry)
  • Review
  • Open Access
52 Citations
7,487 Views
17 Pages

20 January 2023

To reduce building sector CO2 emissions, integrating renewable energy and thermal energy storage (TES) into building design is crucial. TES provides a way of storing thermal energy during high renewable energy production for use later during peak ene...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Themed Issue Dedicated to Professor Luisa F. Cabeza)
  • Perspective
  • Open Access
56 Citations
7,257 Views
23 Pages

Large Scale Microalgae Biofuel Technology—Development Perspectives in Light of the Barriers and Limitations

  • Marcin Dębowski,
  • Izabela Świca,
  • Joanna Kazimierowicz and
  • Marcin Zieliński

21 December 2022

Microalgal biomass can be used to derive many different types of biofuels. In order to widely commercialize this technology, its limitations and weaknesses must be eliminated. Many technical and economic issues also need to be clarified and unknowns...

  • Review
  • Open Access
12 Citations
7,765 Views
33 Pages

18 September 2025

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction (ACLR) are associated with biomechanical deficits and reinjury risk. Wearable devices offer promising tools for objective assessment of knee joint function. This scoping review aimed to map t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Biomechanical and Rehabilitation Engineering)
  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
289 Views
66 Pages

Organic Waste as a Secondary Carbon and Nutrient Resource: A Systematic Review of Microbial Recovery Routes, Technology Readiness and the Determinants of Resource Accessibility

  • Amine Elbouzidi,
  • Mounir Haddou,
  • El Miloud Bayad,
  • Abdellah Baraich and ,
  • Saad Bougrine,
  • Mohamed Taibi,
  • Abdeslam Asehraou,
  • Bouchra El Guerrouj and
  • Mohamed Addi
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

10 October 2026

Organic waste is society’s largest under-exploited secondary carbon and nutrient resource, and what limits access to it is not microbiology. Existing reviews are organized along a single axis, one feedstock, one organism, or one product, and so...

of 19