Journal Description
Resources
Resources
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on natural resources published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web of Science), GeoRef, PubAg, AGRIS, RePEc, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: CiteScore - Q1 (Nature and Landscape Conservation)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 23.8 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.8 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
3.3 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.8 (2022)
Latest Articles
Historical Analysis of the Effects of Drought on Rice and Maize Yields in Southeast Asia
Resources 2024, 13(3), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13030044 - 18 Mar 2024
Abstract
►
Show Figures
This study performs an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to study the relationship between rice and maize productivities and the different time scales of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), including 1-month, 6-month, and 12-month time scales in Southeast Asia during the years
[...] Read more.
This study performs an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to study the relationship between rice and maize productivities and the different time scales of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), including 1-month, 6-month, and 12-month time scales in Southeast Asia during the years 1970–2019. For the 1-month time scale, the averaged SPEI values are in the range of −1.0 to 1.0, indicating a moderate degree of dryness and humidity. Both 6-month and 12-month time scales suggest that many countries in Southeast Asia are experiencing mostly wet conditions, with SPEI values reaching up to 1.5. The relationship analysis by using EOF was indicated by the first and second principal components (PC1 and PC2) suggesting that drought events exhibit a positive orientation to crop productivity, especially maize in Southeast Asia. The pattern of climate oscillations, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), is likely related to crop productivity in Southeast Asia. The findings emphasize the importance of considering temporal climatic patterns in agricultural decision-making, with implications for enhancing regional climate resilience and ensuring sustainable food security in the face of global climate change.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Bioaccumulation of Cr, Zn, Pb and Cu in Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Erigeron canadensis L.
by
Volodymyr Laptiev, Samuel Obeng Apori, Michelle Giltrap, Furong Tian and Nataliia Ryzhenko
Resources 2024, 13(3), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13030043 - 13 Mar 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
The city of Dnipro, a prominent industrial hub in Ukraine, is recognized for its particularly its significant industrial development. This study focused on two prevalent plant species, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Erigeron canadensis L., within the vicinity. Sampling was conducted at points located
[...] Read more.
The city of Dnipro, a prominent industrial hub in Ukraine, is recognized for its particularly its significant industrial development. This study focused on two prevalent plant species, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Erigeron canadensis L., within the vicinity. Sampling was conducted at points located 12.02 km away from the emission sources associated with battery production and recycling plants in Dnipro. Analysis of heavy metal concentrations such as, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn was conducted using atomic emission spectrometry from the soil and plants tissues of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Erigeron canadensis L. The translocation coefficient (TF) was calculated for both plant species. The results revealed that Cu and Zn exhibited the highest bioaccumulation in the examined plants, whereas Pb demonstrated the lowest. The order of metal uptake by both plants was determined as Cu > Zn > Cr > Pb. Significantly higher concentrations of these metals were observed in the two studied plants compared to the soil (Ftheor < Fexp, p < 0.05), suggesting the bioavailability of metals for these plants. The translocation coefficient (TF) represented the ratio of metal concentration in the shoot/the root. The TF value of Erigeron canadensis L. exceeded 1 for four metals. On the other hand, the TF value of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. surpassed 1 for Cr, Cu, and Zn. Consequently, both species emerge as potential phytoremediators for soils contaminated with these studied metals.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessFeature PaperArticle
The Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Water Resources (Rainfall and Snow) in the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range (Southern Spain)
by
Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza, Sergio Martos-Rosillo, Jorge Jódar and Peter A. Dowd
Resources 2024, 13(3), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13030042 - 12 Mar 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
This paper describes the use of a unique spatio-temporally resolved precipitation and temperature dataset to assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of water resources over a period of almost seven decades across the Sierra Nevada mountain range, which is the most southern Alpine environment in
[...] Read more.
This paper describes the use of a unique spatio-temporally resolved precipitation and temperature dataset to assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of water resources over a period of almost seven decades across the Sierra Nevada mountain range, which is the most southern Alpine environment in Europe. The altitude and geographical location of this isolated alpine environment makes it a good detector of climate change. The data were generated by applying geostatistical co-kriging to significant instrumental precipitation and temperature (minimum, maximum and mean) datasets. The correlation between precipitation and altitude was not particularly high and the statistical analysis yielded some surprising results in the form of mean annual precipitation maps and yearly precipitation time series. These results confirm the importance of orographic precipitation in the Sierra Nevada mountain range and show a decrease in mean annual precipitation of 33 mm per decade. Seasonality, however, has remained constant throughout the period of the study. The results show that previous studies have overestimated the altitudinal precipitation gradient in the Sierra Nevada and reveal its complex spatial variability. In addition, the results show a clear correspondence between the mean annual precipitation and the NAO index and, to a much lesser extent, the WeMO index. With respect to temperature, there is a high correlation between minimum temperature and altitude (coefficient of correlation = −0.84) and between maximum temperature and altitude (coefficient of correlation = −0.9). Thus, our spatial temperature maps were very similar to topographic maps, but the temporal trend was complex, with negative (decreasing) and positive (increasing) trends. A dynamic model of snowfall can be obtained by using the degree-day methodology. These results should be considered when checking the local performance of climatological models.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Aboveground Biomass and Carbon Storage in Mangrove Forests in Southeastern Mexico
by
Carlos Roberto Ávila-Acosta, Marivel Domínguez-Domínguez, César Jesús Vázquez-Navarrete, Rocío Guadalupe Acosta-Pech and Pablo Martínez-Zurimendi
Resources 2024, 13(3), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13030041 - 12 Mar 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
The aboveground contributions of mangroves to global carbon sequestration reinforce the need to estimate biomass in these systems. The objective was to determine the aboveground biomass storage and quantify the carbon and CO2e content in Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans, and
[...] Read more.
The aboveground contributions of mangroves to global carbon sequestration reinforce the need to estimate biomass in these systems. The objective was to determine the aboveground biomass storage and quantify the carbon and CO2e content in Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans, and Laguncularia racemosa present in southeastern Mexico. Based on the Forest Protocol for Mexico Version 2.0 methodology, published by Climate Action Reserve, 130 circular plots were randomly selected and established in an area of 930 ha of mangrove vegetation, and the aboveground biomass and stored carbon were determined. The mangrove had a density of 3515 ± 428.5 individuals per hectare. The aboveground biomass of the three species was 120.5 Mg ha−1. The biomass of L. racemosa was 99.5 Mg ha−1, which represents 82.6% of the total biomass. The biomass of R. mangle was 20.33 Mg ha−1, and that of A. germinans was 0.32 Mg ha−1. The total carbon retained in the trees was 60.25 Mg C ha−1 and 221.1 Mg CO2e ha−1. Laguncularia racemosa generated the highest contributions of CO2e. The area of mangroves accumulated 112,065 Mg of aboveground biomass. The carbon contained in this biomass corresponds to 205,623 Mg CO2e. This mangrove contributes to mitigating the effects of climate change globally through the reduction in greenhouse gases.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessCommunication
Removal of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid from Aqueous Solutions Using Al2O3/Graphene Oxide Granules Prepared by Spray-Drying Method
by
Alexandra Yu. Kurmysheva, Ekaterina Kuznetsova, Marina D. Vedenyapina, Pavel Podrabinnik, Nestor Washington Solís Pinargote, Anton Smirnov and Sergey N. Grigoriev
Resources 2024, 13(3), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13030040 - 11 Mar 2024
Abstract
Within this study, aluminum oxide granules with 0.25%vol. of graphene oxide were prepared by a spray-drying method to make an adsorbent for the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide removal from aqueous solutions. The obtained adsorbent was studied using infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and
[...] Read more.
Within this study, aluminum oxide granules with 0.25%vol. of graphene oxide were prepared by a spray-drying method to make an adsorbent for the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide removal from aqueous solutions. The obtained adsorbent was studied using infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The presence of graphene in the spray-dried powder was confirmed. The adsorption removal of 2,4-D using the obtained material was performed at an ambient temperature by varying the process parameters such as pH and adsorption time. The adsorption of 2,4-D was a monolayer chemisorption according to the Langmuir isotherm pattern and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of the monolayer was 35.181 mg/g. The results show that the Al2O3-0.25%vol. GO powder obtained by spray drying is suitable for the production of adsorbents for toxic herbicides.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wastewater Reuse)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Influence of Geology, Hydrogeology, and Climate on Ground Source Heat Pump Distribution in Slovenia and Selected European Countries
by
Simona Adrinek, Mitja Janža and Rao Martand Singh
Resources 2024, 13(3), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13030039 - 08 Mar 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Shallow geothermal energy (SGE) is a renewable energy that could contribute to the decarbonatization of the heating and cooling sector. SGE is predominantly harnessed through ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems. The choice of which type of GSHP system depends on various factors.
[...] Read more.
Shallow geothermal energy (SGE) is a renewable energy that could contribute to the decarbonatization of the heating and cooling sector. SGE is predominantly harnessed through ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems. The choice of which type of GSHP system depends on various factors. Understanding these factors is crucial for optimizing the efficiency of GSHP systems and fostering their implementation. In this paper, we have analysed the spatial distribution of GSHPs in Slovenia. We identified 1073 groundwater and 1122 ground-coupled heat pump systems with a total heat pump capacity of almost 30 MW. We quantitatively assessed the influence of geological, hydrogeological, and climate conditions on their spatial distribution. Using the χ2 test and information value method, we identified hydrogeological conditions as the most influential factor for the GSHP systems’ spatial distribution. We also performed the spatial analysis of geological and hydrogeological data in 22 European countries, including Slovenia. We collected the reported numbers of installed GSHP units in 2020 and were able to distinguish the shares of groundwater and ground-coupled heat pump systems for 12 of these countries. The analysis showed that ground-coupled heat pumps predominate in most countries, even if the natural conditions are favourable for groundwater heat pumps.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Are Land Use and Cover Changes and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Dengue Fever? A Case Study in Minas Gerais State, Brazil
by
Ana Clara Andrade, Luiz Alberto Dolabela Falcão, Magno Augusto Zazá Borges, Marcos Esdras Leite and Mário Marcos do Espírito Santo
Resources 2024, 13(3), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13030038 - 08 Mar 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Several studies have already demonstrated the relationship between the loss of natural habitats and the incidence of diseases caused by vectors, such as dengue, which is an acute fever disease that is considered a serious public health problem. The aim of the present
[...] Read more.
Several studies have already demonstrated the relationship between the loss of natural habitats and the incidence of diseases caused by vectors, such as dengue, which is an acute fever disease that is considered a serious public health problem. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the number of dengue cases and land use and cover changes (LUCC) and socioeconomic and climatic factors by municipality, using the state of Minas Gerais as a case study. For this, secondary data obtained from openly available sources were used. Natural vegetation cover data were obtained from the MAPBiomas platform and dengue occurrence data from the Ministry of Health, in addition to eight socioeconomic parameters from the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics and precipitation data from the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais). Between 2015 and 2019, 1,255,731 cases of dengue were recorded throughout the state of Minas Gerais, ranging from 0 to 227 per thousand inhabitants between municipalities. The occurrence of dengue was distributed throughout all regions of Minas Gerais and was associated with LUCC and socioeconomic factors. In general, municipalities with a net loss of natural vegetation, predominantly located in the Cerrado biome, had the highest number of dengue cases in the studied period. Additionally, the occurrence of dengue was associated to three socioeconomic parameters: population density, human development index (both positively), and Gini inequality index (negatively). These results indicate that, contrary to expectations, municipalities with better social conditions had more dengue cases. Our study indicates that natural vegetation is, directly or indirectly, involved in the ecosystem service of dengue control, despite the occurrence of this disease being affected by multiple factors that interact in a complex way. Thus, policies towards reducing deforestation must be complemented by a continuous investment in public health policies and a reduction in social inequalities to efficiently control dengue fever.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Utilization of Biomass Waste at Water Treatment
by
Isabel Pestana da Paixão Cansado, Pedro Francisco Geraldo, Paulo Alexandre Mira Mourão, José Eduardo Castanheiro, Elisabete Palma Carreiro and Suhas
Resources 2024, 13(3), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13030037 - 08 Mar 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
This work presents some preliminary results on the direct use of untreated biomass from agricultural activities as adsorbents for water treatment. Waste was also used to produce activated carbons (ACs) by chemical activation with KOH. The efficacy of agricultural waste such as stubble,
[...] Read more.
This work presents some preliminary results on the direct use of untreated biomass from agricultural activities as adsorbents for water treatment. Waste was also used to produce activated carbons (ACs) by chemical activation with KOH. The efficacy of agricultural waste such as stubble, sawdust from Teak (Tectona Grandis), fibers from Imbondeiro (Adansonia digitata L.), bamboo flowers, and other regional plants were tested on methylene blue (MB) removal from the aqueous phase. Adsorption studies were conducted in a batch system and the influence of kinetics, pH, and temperature was evaluated. The adsorption performance of the natural adsorbents was significantly high concerning MB. In particular, Imbondeiro presented a maximum removal capacity of 188.3 mg per gram. This amount was similar to or even higher than the values obtained on ACs produced by their predecessors at 873 K. The studies were finished by constructing slow filters containing natural adsorbents or ACs. The maximum amounts of MB removed on a continuous flux were lower than those obtained for a diversity of untreated biomass types on a batch system. However, these amounts were comparable to the published results obtained on a diversity of untreated biomasses in batch mode.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Coastal Acid-Sulfate Soils of Kalimantan, Indonesia, for Food Security: Characteristics, Management, and Future Directions
by
Yiyi Sulaeman, Eni Maftuáh, Muhammad Noor, Anna Hairani, Siti Nurzakiah, Mukhlis Mukhlis, Khairil Anwar, Arifin Fahmi, Muhammad Saleh, Izhar Khairullah, Indrastuti Apri Rumanti, Muhammad Alwi, Aidi Noor and Rina Dirgahayu Ningsih
Resources 2024, 13(3), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13030036 - 06 Mar 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Coastal acid-sulfate soils are crucial for producing crops and thus, for food security. However, over time, these soil resources experience degradation, leading to higher agro-input, lower yields, and environmental hazards that finally threaten food security. The optimal use of this fragile resource is
[...] Read more.
Coastal acid-sulfate soils are crucial for producing crops and thus, for food security. However, over time, these soil resources experience degradation, leading to higher agro-input, lower yields, and environmental hazards that finally threaten food security. The optimal use of this fragile resource is only attained by implementing vigorous integrated water–soil–crop management technologies amid the climate change impact. This study aimed to review the distribution, properties, use, and management of acid-sulfate soils in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Acid-sulfate soils cover about 3.5 Mha of the coastal area in Kalimantan and have high acidity, high-risk iron and aluminum toxicity, and low fertility, requiring precise water management, amelioration and fertilizer application, crop variety selection, and rice cultivation technologies. Lime, biochar, organic fertilizer, compost, ash, and fly ash are ameliorants that raise pH, reduce iron and aluminum toxicity, and improve crop yield. Rice cultivation has developed from traditional to modern but needs re-designing to fit local conditions. Depending on the soil nutrient status, rice cultivation requires 80–200 kg ha−1 of urea, 50–150 kg ha−1 of SP36, 50–150 kg ha−1 of KCl, and 125–400 kg ha−1 of NPK compound fertilizer, but is affected by CH4 and CO2 emissions. Good water management impacts the effective implementation of amelioration and fertilizer application technologies. The remaining challenges and future directions for water management, amelioration, fertilizer application, crop varieties, cultivation techniques, land use optimization, climate change adaptation and mitigation, technology adoption and implementation, and resource conservation are outlined. Acid-sulfate soils remain a resource capital that supports food security regionally and nationally in Indonesia.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
A Review on the Recovery and Separation of Gallium and Indium from Waste
by
Joanna Kluczka
Resources 2024, 13(3), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13030035 - 01 Mar 2024
Abstract
Gallium and indium are crucial metals in various industries, such as the medical and telecommunication industries. They can find applications as pure metals, alloys and alloy admixtures, oxides, organometallic compounds, and compounds with elements such as nitrogen or arsenic. Recovery of these two
[...] Read more.
Gallium and indium are crucial metals in various industries, such as the medical and telecommunication industries. They can find applications as pure metals, alloys and alloy admixtures, oxides, organometallic compounds, and compounds with elements such as nitrogen or arsenic. Recovery of these two metals from waste is an important issue for two main reasons. First, gallium and indium are scattered in the Earth’s crust and their minerals are too rare to serve as a primary source. Second, e-waste contributes to the rapidly growing problem of Earth littering, as its amount increased significantly in recent years. Therefore, it is essential to develop and implement procedures that will enable the recovery of valuable elements from waste and limit the emission of harmful substances into the environment. This paper discusses technological operations and methods that are currently used or may be used to produce pure gallium and indium or their oxides from waste. The first step was described—waste pretreatment, including disassembly and sorting in several stages. Then, mechanical treatment as well as physical, chemical, and physicochemical separations were discussed. The greatest emphasis was placed on the hydrometallurgical methods of gallium and indium recovery, to be more precise on the extraction and various sorption methods following the leaching stage. Methods of obtaining pure metals or metal oxides and their refining processes were also mentioned.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members' Collection Series: Resource Conservation, Reuse and Recycling)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Reformulation of Persimmon Value-Added Model: Product Downstream Development Strategy for Farmers in East Java, Indonesia
by
Ayu Erfiana Asmy, Abdul Rauf, Rahmawaty, Badaruddin and Umrotul Khasanah
Resources 2024, 13(3), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13030034 - 22 Feb 2024
Abstract
This research aims to reformulate the value-added model of persimmon fruit as an instrument to increase farmers’ income by developing a product downstream strategy. This research was conducted in Malang and Tulungagung in East Java through observation and interviews. Then, we used SWOT
[...] Read more.
This research aims to reformulate the value-added model of persimmon fruit as an instrument to increase farmers’ income by developing a product downstream strategy. This research was conducted in Malang and Tulungagung in East Java through observation and interviews. Then, we used SWOT analysis technique (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) to identify various factors in reformulating and developing strategies systematically. The results show that farmers must consider product diversification, improved quality and packaging, certification and label, increased nutritional value, marketing and promotion, network and partnership development, training and capacity building, access to capital and financing, research and innovation, and farmer empowerment. Then, in downstream development, it is necessary to carry out strategies in the form of increased production quality, sustainable agricultural practices, processed product development, preparation of partnerships with private parties, effective marketing and promotion, intelligent packaging, product diversification, logistics and distribution optimization, business and financial management, and organic and sustainable certification. This research also identified that persimmon fruit production has great potential, with a large amount land and a high amount of production. In addition, various downstream persimmon products in the form of processed food and beverages can provide significant added value and have the potential to increase farmers’ incomes.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Management, Environment, Energy and Sustainability under a Circular Economy)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Technogenic Reservoirs Resources of Mine Methane When Implementing the Circular Waste Management Concept
by
Vladimir Brigida, Vladimir Ivanovich Golik, Elena V. Voitovich, Vladislav V. Kukartsev, Valeriy E. Gozbenko, Vladimir Yu. Konyukhov and Tatiana A. Oparina
Resources 2024, 13(2), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13020033 - 17 Feb 2024
Abstract
From a commercial viewpoint, mine methane is the most promising object in the field of reducing emissions of climate-active gases due to circular waste management. Therefore, the task of this research is to estimate the technogenic reservoirs resources of mine methane when implementing
[...] Read more.
From a commercial viewpoint, mine methane is the most promising object in the field of reducing emissions of climate-active gases due to circular waste management. Therefore, the task of this research is to estimate the technogenic reservoirs resources of mine methane when implementing the circular waste management concept. The novelty of the authors’ approach lies in reconstructing the response space for the dynamics of methane release from the front and cross projections: CH4 = ƒ(S; t) and CH4 = ƒ(S; L), respectively. The research established a polynomial dependence of nonlinear changes in methane concentrations in the mixture extracted by type 4 wells when a massif is undermined as a result of mining in a full-retreat panel. And the distance from the face to the start of mining the panel is reduced by 220 m. For this reason, the emission of mine methane, in case of degasification network disruption in 15 days, can amount to more than 660 thousand m3 only for wells of type no. 4.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Life Cycle Sustainability Analysis of Resource Recovery from Waste Management Systems in the Context of Circular Models of the Economy and the Bioeconomy)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Evaluation of Synthetic-Temporal Imagery as an Environmental Covariate for Digital Soil Mapping: A Case Study in Soils under Tropical Pastures
by
Fabio Arnaldo Pomar Avalos, Michele Duarte de Menezes, Fausto Weimar Acerbi Júnior, Nilton Curi, Junior Cesar Avanzi and Marx Leandro Naves Silva
Resources 2024, 13(2), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13020032 - 14 Feb 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Digital soil maps are paramount for supporting environmental process analysis, planning for the conservation of ecosystems, and sustainable agriculture. The availability of dense time series of surface reflectance data provides valuable information for digital soil mapping (DSM). A detailed soil survey, along with
[...] Read more.
Digital soil maps are paramount for supporting environmental process analysis, planning for the conservation of ecosystems, and sustainable agriculture. The availability of dense time series of surface reflectance data provides valuable information for digital soil mapping (DSM). A detailed soil survey, along with a stack of Landsat 8 SR data and a rainfall time series, were analyzed to evaluate the influence of soil on the temporal patterns of vegetation greenness, assessed using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Based on these relationships, imagery depicting land surface phenology (LSP) metrics and other soil-forming factors proxies were evaluated as environmental covariates for DSM. The random forest algorithm was applied as a predictive model to relate soils and environmental covariates. The study focused on four soils typical of tropical conditions under pasture cover. Soil parent material and topography covariates were found to be similarly important to LSP metrics, especially those LSP images related to the seasonal availability of water to plants, registering significant contributions to the random forest model. Stronger effects of rainfall seasonality on LSP were observed for the Red Latosol (Ferralsol). The results of this study demonstrate that the addition of temporal variability of vegetation greenness can be used to assess soil subsurface processes and assist in DSM.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Biochar: A Key Player in Carbon Credits and Climate Mitigation
by
Alaa Salma, Lydia Fryda and Hayet Djelal
Resources 2024, 13(2), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13020031 - 14 Feb 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
The creation of the carbon market came forth as a tool for managing, controlling, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, combining environmental responsibility with financial incentives. Biochar has gained recognition as one of potential carbon offset solution. The practical and cost-effective establishment of biochar
[...] Read more.
The creation of the carbon market came forth as a tool for managing, controlling, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, combining environmental responsibility with financial incentives. Biochar has gained recognition as one of potential carbon offset solution. The practical and cost-effective establishment of biochar carbon credit standards is crucial for the integration of biochar into carbon trading systems, thus encouraging investments in the biochar industry while promoting sustainable carbon dioxide sequestration practices on a global scale. This communication focuses on the potential of biochar in carbon sequestration. Additionally, it spotlights case studies that highlight how biochar effectively generates carbon credits, as well as discussing the evolving carbon removal marketplace. Furthermore, we address knowledge gaps, areas of concern, and research priorities regarding biochar implementation in carbon credits, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of its role in climate change mitigation. This review positions biochar as a versatile and scalable technology with the potential to contribute significantly to carbon credits, aligning with sustainable development goals. It calls for continued research, transparency, and international cooperation to explore the full potential of biochar in climate change mitigation efforts.
Full article
Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
Animals Feed in Transition: Intricate Interplay of Land Use Land Cover Change and Fodder Sources in Kurram Valley, Pakistan
by
Kamal Hussain, Fazlur Rahman, Ihsan Ullah, Zahir Ahmad and Udo Schickhoff
Resources 2024, 13(2), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13020030 - 13 Feb 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Land use land cover (LULC) changes have emerged as a pivotal driver of environmental challenges in the Northwestern mountainous belts of Pakistan. These changes are increasingly recognized for their pervasive impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The conversion of pastures and rangelands into
[...] Read more.
Land use land cover (LULC) changes have emerged as a pivotal driver of environmental challenges in the Northwestern mountainous belts of Pakistan. These changes are increasingly recognized for their pervasive impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The conversion of pastures and rangelands into other land uses is a key facet of LULC change, posing a substantial threat to the availability of animal feed sources. This study aims to evaluate LULC changes and investigate their consequences on animal feed sources in the Upper Kurram Valley, located in the Koh-e-Safid mountain of Northwestern Pakistan. The study employs a multidisciplinary methodological approach that incorporates remotely sensed data, focus group discussions, interviews, and field observations. The study findings uncover a notable decline in rangeland (26.6%) and forest cover (28.7%) over a span of more than three decades (1987–2019). The shrinkage of rangeland has spurred an increased reliance on crop residues and fodder crops. The free grazing practices have been replaced by stall-feeding and controlled grazing methods. This declining rangeland resources has negatively affected animal husbandry, and the average number of livestock per household decreased from 32 in 1980 to 3.7 in 2019. In essence, this transition has not only impacted animal feed sources but also reshaped the livelihoods of local communities closely connected to animal husbandry.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Edaphic Drivers Influencing Forage Grasslands in Bujagh National Park, Iran
by
Mohsen Mahfouzi, Amir Hossein Hamidian and Mohammad Kaboli
Resources 2024, 13(2), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13020029 - 13 Feb 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
The edaphic and environmental changes in Bujagh grasslands have led to a gradual decline in the wintering waterbird populations in the associated national park. This has particularly affected forage habitats for birds, especially migratory geese. Our aim was to identify the reasons for
[...] Read more.
The edaphic and environmental changes in Bujagh grasslands have led to a gradual decline in the wintering waterbird populations in the associated national park. This has particularly affected forage habitats for birds, especially migratory geese. Our aim was to identify the reasons for the loss of habitat quality by examining the structure of the plant community and the edaphic factors that have been instrumental in shifting the grass community pattern to a Rush–Rubus type along the succession route. Bujagh National Park is surrounded by marine, riverine fresh water, and lagoon habitats, and the seasonal floodings of the Sefidrud and Ushmak rivers impact the grassland area along the deltaic pathway to the Caspian Sea. We used the TWINSPAN classification function to extract plant groups and their dominant species. Subsequently, we analyzed land cover changes in the study area over two times (2010 and 2020) to identify alterations in the coverage of main plants and land uses. Following the evaluation of unconstrained ordination methods and the selection of NMDS ordination, we compared the dominant species of groups to the main edaphic predictors. The results indicated that the chemicals and heavy metals in the soil did not play a direct role in the shift from grassland to Rush–Rubus plant type. However, these elements could have a significant impact on the evolution of the structure and the competitive capability among the main dominant species of the grass group. In conclusion, the dominance of the Rush–Rubus type is likely related to other unmeasured environmental and anthropogenic factors that support and enhance their reproductive attributes and herbal proliferation in the grassland territory.
Full article
Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
Multi-Decadal Nutrient Management and Trends in Two Catchments of Lake Okeechobee
by
Rachael Z. Cooper, Sarina J. Ergas and Mahmood Nachabe
Resources 2024, 13(2), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13020028 - 13 Feb 2024
Abstract
Despite years of efforts to improve water quality, harmful algal blooms remain a chronic phenomenon, with devastating environmental, economic, and social impacts in many regions worldwide. In this study, we assessed the complexity of nutrient pollution attributed to harmful algal blooms in South
[...] Read more.
Despite years of efforts to improve water quality, harmful algal blooms remain a chronic phenomenon, with devastating environmental, economic, and social impacts in many regions worldwide. In this study, we assessed the complexity of nutrient pollution attributed to harmful algal blooms in South Florida (USA) by analyzing 20 years of flow and nutrient data within two headwater basins in the Lake Okeechobee (LO) watershed. The study used an established advanced regression method, the Weighted Regression on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) method, as an analysis framework to examine the impact of nutrient management practices on water quality trends. The WRTDS method produced total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) concentration and flux trends, which were then compared with existing and historic nutrient management records within the basin. Results from this study highlight divergences in progress to improve water quality. Nutrient management practices only had a weak impact on TP and TN flux trends in one of the two basins, where TP flux decreased 2% per year, and TN flux decreased 0.1% per year. TP and TN flux increased in the second basin. Variances of improvement between the two basins are likely attributable to differences in contemporary point source loading and legacy nutrient pools from non-point source inputs 20 years or more before the analysis period. The long-lasting impacts of legacy nutrients also emphasize a need for investments in technologies and practices that can withdraw nutrients from enriched soil and water.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theoretical and Practical Approaches in Watershed Management across Different Environmental Contexts)
►▼
Show Figures
Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
Ways to Improve the Effectiveness of Depressant Additives for the Production of Winter and Arctic Diesel Fuels
by
Ilya Bogdanov, Yana Morozova, Andrey Altynov, Alina Titaeva and Maria Kirgina
Resources 2024, 13(2), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13020027 - 08 Feb 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Diesel fuel is the main fuel for transport and power generation for remote areas, especially the Arctic. For these territories, it is important to produce low-freezing fuel grades. The most effective way to improve the low-temperature properties of diesel fuels (cloud point, pour
[...] Read more.
Diesel fuel is the main fuel for transport and power generation for remote areas, especially the Arctic. For these territories, it is important to produce low-freezing fuel grades. The most effective way to improve the low-temperature properties of diesel fuels (cloud point, pour point, and cold filter plugging point) is the use of depressant additives. Existing research shows that the depressant additives’ effectiveness is influenced by many factors. The most important factors are diesel fuel composition, additive concentration, and the temperature of additive introduction into the fuel (adding temperature). The purpose of this work is to find ways to increase the efficiency of depressant additives for the production of low-freezing diesel fuels by choosing the most effective additive concentration and adding temperature for fuels of various compositions. During the work, low-temperature properties were determined and the effectiveness of three depressant additives was assessed on four samples of diesel fuel at four concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 c.u., where c.u. (conditional unit) is the concentration recommended by the manufacturer of the additives). In addition, low-temperature properties for blends of six depressant additives and two samples of diesel fuel at five adding temperatures (15, 25, 35, 45, and 55 °C) were determined. In this work, in contrast to existing works, it was established for the first time that the composition of the fuel affects not only the depressant additives effectiveness, but also the dependence of the additive effectiveness on the concentration in which it is used. It is shown that the higher the content of paraffins in the composition of the diesel fuel, the less the depressant additive’s effectiveness in relation to cold filter plugging point depends on the concentration and the more the depressant additive’s effectiveness in relation to the power point depends on the concentration. An inverse relationship was revealed for the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel. It was also found for the first time that an increase in the adding temperature of depressant additives up to 35–55 °C enhances the effectiveness of their action in relation to the cold filter plugging point (maximum at 6–7 °C). It is shown that the greater additive effect on the cold filter plugging point of the diesel fuel, the more strongly the depressant effectiveness depends on the adding temperature. The work provides recommendations for obtaining the most low-freezing classes of fuel based on the samples considered. The regularities identified in the work will make it possible, depending on the composition of the fuel, to select the optimal concentration of the additive and the temperature of its adding, which will increase the efficiency of the additives, as well as the volume of low-freezing grades of diesel fuel production.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Waste Management during the Production Drilling Stage in the Oil and Gas Sector: A Feasibility Study
by
Andrey Lebedev and Alexey Cherepovitsyn
Resources 2024, 13(2), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13020026 - 05 Feb 2024
Cited by 1
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Drilling-waste management is of great importance in the oil and gas industry due to the substantial volume of multi-component waste generated during the production process. Improper waste handling can pose serious environmental risks, including soil and water contamination and the release of harmful
[...] Read more.
Drilling-waste management is of great importance in the oil and gas industry due to the substantial volume of multi-component waste generated during the production process. Improper waste handling can pose serious environmental risks, including soil and water contamination and the release of harmful chemicals. Failure to properly manage waste can result in large fines and legal consequences, as well as damage to corporate reputation. Proper drilling-waste management is essential to mitigate these risks and ensure the sustainable and responsible operation of oil and gas projects. It involves the use of advanced technologies and best practices to treat and utilize drilling waste in an environmentally safe and cost-effective manner. This article describes a feasibility study of four drilling-waste management options in the context of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Russia. For ten years of the project life, the NPV under the base scenario is equal to RUB −3374.3 million, under the first scenario is equal to RUB −1466.7 million, under the second scenario is equal to RUB −1666.8 million and under the third scenario is equal to RUB −792.4 million. When considering projects, regardless of oil production, the project under the third scenario pays off in 7.8 years and the NPV is RUB 7.04 million. The MCD and MCV parameters were calculated to be 106 km and 2290 tons, respectively. Furthermore, the study estimates the ecological damage prevented and the environmental effect of each option. Quantitative risk assessments, conducted through sensitivity analysis, reveal that the fourth option, involving the conversion of drilling waste into construction materials, emerges as the most economically feasible. The study also evaluates the interaction between business and government and analyzes the current situation in the sphere of drilling-waste management, concluding with concise recommendations for both companies and official bodies.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Modelling Possible Household Uses of Grey Water in Poland using Property Fitting Analysis
by
Józef Ober, Janusz Karwot and Charli Sitinjak
Resources 2024, 13(2), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13020025 - 05 Feb 2024
Abstract
One of the most important methods of optimising water consumption is grey water recycling. From a technological point of view, the treatment of grey water guarantees that it can be reused for domestic or corporate purposes, but it raises the issue of the
[...] Read more.
One of the most important methods of optimising water consumption is grey water recycling. From a technological point of view, the treatment of grey water guarantees that it can be reused for domestic or corporate purposes, but it raises the issue of the social acceptance of the use of such water. This study aimed to assess the possibility of using grey water in households in Poland. The originality of this research study lies in the application of the PROFIT method for the separate construction of models of the benefits of grey water according to user groups. Four groups were identified, differentiated by gender and age; age and possession of an irretrievable water meter; gender and place of residence; place of residence and possession of an irretrievable water meter. To answer the formulated research questions, a diagnostic survey method was used, in which 807 randomly selected respondents from all over Poland were surveyed. The results of the survey indicate that homeowners perceive the potential use of grey water as beneficial, pointing most often to the following factors: rebuilding groundwater levels, reduced extraction of drinking water from rivers and other water bodies, and increased vegetation growth. On the other hand, they are concerned about the need to reconstruct the existing water and sewerage systems in order to produce drinking water from grey water as well as about the high cost and parameter stability of drinking water produced from grey water. Furthermore, men and older people attribute less importance to measures related to the introduction of good practices based on the reuse of recycled water in water management. Women, on the other hand, appreciate almost all opportunities to use grey water to a greater extent than men.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alternative Water and Energy Systems in the Buildings)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Highly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Topics
Topic in
Diversity, Geosciences, Land, Resources, Sustainability
Advances in Geodiversity Research
Topic Editors: Paulo Pereira, Murray Gray, Maria da Glória GarciaDeadline: 20 May 2024
Topic in
Energies, Materials, Resources, Sensors, Sustainability
Industrial Control Systems
Topic Editors: Mauro D'Arco, Francesco BonavolontàDeadline: 31 May 2024
Topic in
Buildings, Energies, Entropy, Resources, Sustainability
Advances in Solar Heating and Cooling
Topic Editors: Salvatore Vasta, Sotirios Karellas, Marina Bonomolo, Alessio Sapienza, Uli JakobDeadline: 30 June 2024
Topic in
Applied Sciences, Energies, Fractal Fract, Polymers, Resources
Petroleum and Gas Engineering
Topic Editors: Xiaochun Wang, Yulong ZhaoDeadline: 31 August 2024
Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
Resources
Life Cycle Sustainability Analysis of Resource Recovery from Waste Management Systems in the Context of Circular Models of the Economy and the Bioeconomy
Guest Editors: Annarita Paiano, Jakob Hildebrandt, Claudia Arcidiacono, Carlo Ingrao, Alberto BezamaDeadline: 31 March 2024
Special Issue in
Resources
Mine Ecological Restoration
Guest Editor: Rongkui SuDeadline: 30 April 2024
Special Issue in
Resources
Minerals and Land-Use Planning: Sustainable Narratives and Practices
Guest Editors: Andreas Endl, Katharina Gugerell, Gregory PoelzerDeadline: 31 May 2024
Special Issue in
Resources
Editorial Board Members' Collection Series: Resource Conservation, Reuse and Recycling
Guest Editors: Eveliina Repo, Eleni IacovidouDeadline: 30 June 2024
Topical Collections
Topical Collection in
Resources
Management, Environment, Energy and Sustainability under a Circular Economy
Collection Editors: Elena Magaril, Elena Rada