Increasing biomedical applications of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in academic and commercial settings have alarmed the scientific community about the safety and assessment of toxicity profiles of IONPs. The great amount of diversity found in the...
In the past decade, a sudden increase in the number and kind of emerging water contaminants has been observed. The emerging contaminants can be categorized as organic or inorganic. Organic contaminants have been known for years, and techniques for th...
The genotoxicity, mutagenesis, and carcinogenic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) derivatives may exceed the parent PAHs. However, their influence on the soil environment has not been explored to a large extent. Oxygenated polycyclic a...
This paper focuses on the development of an environmentally friendly sequential injection (SI) method for the determination of chloride in water samples from dynamic water systems. Chloride quantification is highly relevant, as it may affect metal io...
A high-throughput cell-based monitoring platform was fabricated to rapidly measure the specific toxicity of unknown waters, based on AuNPs@aptamer fluorescence bioassays. The aptamer is employed in the platform for capturing the toxicity indicator, w...
To rapidly assess healthy tissue toxicities induced by new anti-cancer therapies (i.e., radiation alone or in combination with drugs), there is a critical need for relevant and easy-to-use models. Consistent with the ethical desire to reduce the use...
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been used to develop iron supplements for improving the bioavailability of iron in patients with iron deficiency, which is one of the most serious nutritional deficiencies in the world. Accurate information abo...
Environmental pollution is an emerging global issue. Heterogenous photocatalytic degradation, which belongs to the advanced oxidation processes, is a promising sustainable technique for the removal of harmful pollutants (e.g., pharmaceuticals) from n...
Reliable toxicity assessments are essential for protecting biological processes in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study focuses on quantifying the measurement uncertainty of the ISO 8192:2007 method, which determines the inhibition of oxyg...
Cisplatin is amongst the most potent chemotherapeutic drugs with applications in more than 50% of cancer treatments, but dose-dependent side effects limit its usefulness. Berberis vulgaris L. (B. vulgaris) has a proven role in several therapeutic app...
Background: Huafeng Dan (HFD) is a traditional famous medicine from Guizhou Province, commonly used for the treatment of stroke-induced hemiplegia and epilepsy. Yaomu is a key component and serves as the sovereign herb in the formula. Most of the com...
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) monitors the presence and concentration of contaminants in food to mitigate health risks. EU legislation sets maximum levels of heavy metals in foods, including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and total Hg (THg) in...
Fentanyl and its analogues are synthetic opioids of varying potencies that are unfortunately heavily abused. Over the last 15 years, fentanyl and its analogues have contributed to the increasing prominence of hospitalisation and numerous deaths due t...
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi that structurally consists of a para-chlorophenolic group containing a dihydroisocoumarin moiety that is amide-linked to L-phenylalanine. OTA is detect...
Liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS) is a powerful tool for detecting chemicals that are present in low concentrations [...]
The pollution of man-made groundwater has become a major global problem that threatens human health and affects the aquatic environment. The establishment of an effective screening system for water pollution assessment is of great importance for main...
Croton tiglium L. seeds, a component of many recipes of Thai traditional medicine (TTM), had to undergo the Thai traditional detoxification process (TDP) before being used. However, this detoxification process has never been scientifically proven for...
(1) Background: This study examines the toxicologic effects of gadolinium in the context of the growing number of industrial and medical applications that use gadolinium compounds. Furthermore, understanding the cellular effects on aquatic organisms...
Cyanogenic glycosides are naturally occurring compounds found in numerous plant species, which can release toxic hydrogen cyanide upon hydrolysis. The quantification of cyanogenic glycosides is essential for assessing their potential toxicity and hea...
Ricin, a toxin from the plant Ricinus communis, is one of the most toxic biological agents known. Due to its availability, toxicity, ease of production and absence of curative treatments, ricin has been classified by the Centers for Disease Control a...
Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced mainly by fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. In the food chain, the original mycotoxin may be transformed in other toxic compounds, reaching the consumer. A good example is the occurrenc...
The presence of potentially toxic pollutants, such as pesticides and metal ions, even at low concentrations, can significantly impact aquatic environmental health. This pollution is a globally widespread problem and requires fast and reliable analysi...
25 February 2026
Given the extensive use and toxicity of glyphosate, this study aimed to optimize and validate a high-efficiency liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection for its quantification in water, evaluate its photocatalytic degradation using Ag...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19 and is responsible for the ongoing pandemic. Screening of potential antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 depend on in vitro experiments, which are based on the quantification...
Okadaic acids (OAs) are causative agents of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, produced by the dinoflagellates Dinophysis spp. and Prorocentrum spp. Microcystins (MCs) are cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by some cyanobacteria genera, including...
The lack of interest in the determination of toxic elements in liquids for electronic cigarettes (e-liquids) has so far been reflected in the scarce number of accurate and validated analytical methods devoted to this aim. Since the strong matrix effe...
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) derivatives, specifically azaarenes and nitrated and oxygenated PAHs, are emerging contaminants of concern due to their increased toxicity and persistence compared to the parent PAHs. Despite their toxicity, thei...
β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and its isomers, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (2,4-DAB) and N-(2-aminoethyl)-glycine (AEG), along with microcystins (MCs)-RR, -LR, and -YR (the major MC congeners), are cyanotoxins that can cause detrimental health an...
Under the name of lipophilic marine toxins, there are included more than 1000 toxic secondary metabolites, produced by phytoplankton, with the common chemical property of lipophilicity. Due to toxicological effects and geographical distribution, in E...
The high toxic abrin from the plant Abrus precatorius is a type II ribosome-inactivating protein toxin with a human lethal dose of 0.1–1.0 µg/kg body weight. Due to its high toxicity and the potential misuse as a biothreat agent, it is of great impor...
Snake venomics and antivenomics approaches have increasingly relied on mass spectrometry to characterize the venom components and to evaluate the antivenom neutralization potential. However, accurate quantification remains essential for distinguishin...
The occurrence of sand and dust storms (SDSs) is essential for the geochemical cycling of nutrients; however, it is considered a meteorological hazard common to arid regions because of the adverse impacts that SDSs brings with them. One common implic...
Pyrethroids, synthetic analogues of natural pyrethrins, are extensively used in agriculture and household pest control due to their high insecticidal activity and relatively low toxicity to mammals. Due to the presence of multiple chiral centres, man...
Olive mill wastewater (OMW) represents a toxic waste generated during olive oil production (30 million m3/year). Its phytotoxicity and resistance to biodegradation are mainly due to the presence of polyphenols. Methodologies able to remove these orga...
The identification of toxin-producing dinoflagellates for monitoring programmes and bio-compound discovery requires considerable taxonomic expertise. It can also be difficult to morphologically differentiate toxic and non-toxic species or strains. Va...
Chlorine is a widely used disinfectant and oxidant used for an array of municipal and industrial applications, including potable water, swimming pools, and cleaning of membranes. The most popular method to verify the concentration of free chlorine is...
Crustaceans are particularly sensitive to copper toxicity, and although the downstream effects of increased copper exposure on the metabolome are often postulated and observed, they are rarely measured. To perform absolute quantification of hydrophil...
Benezediols are widely used in different areas of industry, thus identification and quantification of benzenediols is of utmost importance due to their toxicity and high environmental abundance. In this work, benzenediol isomers (pyrocatechol, resorc...
This study aims to quantitatively analyze choriocapillaris (CC) alterations using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) in eyes presenting with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) toxic retinopathy and to compare it to patients under H...
Benzisothiazolinone (BIT), a biocide widely used as a preservative in household cleaning and personal care products, is cytotoxic to lung cells and a known skin allergen in humans, which highlights the importance of assessing its toxicity and pharmac...
Mycotoxins—toxic secondary fungi metabolites—reach humans through food, producing several effects on their health and economic losses. Mycotoxin co-occurrence is common in food due to the co-presence of different fungi species, each of wh...
Although Radix Aconiti Lateralis (Fuzi) is an extensively used traditional Chinese medicine with promising therapeutic effects and relatively well-reported toxicities, the related toxic aconitum alkaloid concentrations in major organs after its short...
The assessment of the environmental footprint of an organization or product is based on methods published by the European Union Joint Research Centre, which take 16 impact areas into account. Among the listed categories are human and freshwater ecosy...
Phlorotannins are polyphenolic compounds produced via polymerization of phloroglucinol, and these compounds have varying molecular weights (up to 650 kDa). Brown seaweeds are rich in phlorotannins compounds possessing various biological activities, i...
The use of highly toxic rocket fuel based on 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) in many types of carrier rockets poses a threat to environment and human health associated with an ingress of UDMH into wastewater and natural reservoirs and its transformation...
Ergot alkaloids are secondary metabolites resulting from fungi of the genus Claviceps that have proven to be highly toxic. These mycotoxins commonly infect cereal crops such as wheat, rye, barley, and oats. Due to the increase worldwide consumption o...
Bile acids control lipid homeostasis by regulating uptake from food and excretion. Additionally, bile acids are bioactive molecules acting through receptors and modulating various physiological processes. Impaired bile acid homeostasis is associated...
The aim of this study was to determine the quantity of particular toxic metals (Pb, Cd, As, Hg) and micronutrients (Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se) in the recommended daily dose of 51 food supplements based on beehive products. Samples taken from the Cro...
12 February 2023
ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been applied in a wide range of fields due to their unique properties. However, their ecotoxicological threats are reorganized after being discharged. Their toxic effect on anadromous fish could be complicated due to...
In a regular autopsy, blood and organs are used to quantify drug and toxicant concentrations; however, specimens such as blood cannot be collected from highly decomposed corpses, making the quantification of drug and toxicants impossible. This study...
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