Journal Description
Chemosensors
Chemosensors
is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal on the science and technology of chemical sensors and related analytical methods and systems, published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), CAPlus / SciFinder, Inspec, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Instruments & Instrumentation) / CiteScore - Q2 (Analytical Chemistry)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 17.9 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.8 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
4.2 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
4.2 (2022)
Latest Articles
Identification of the Beverage Sotol Adulterated with Ethylene Glycol Using UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Artificial Neural Networks
Chemosensors 2024, 12(3), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12030046 - 13 Mar 2024
Abstract
Sotol is a traditional distilled alcoholic beverage produced in Mexico and the United States. Unfortunately, local authorities have detected that these beverages are sometimes adulterated with toxic substances such as ethylene glycol. This illegal practice of adulteration is dangerous and can cause serious
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Sotol is a traditional distilled alcoholic beverage produced in Mexico and the United States. Unfortunately, local authorities have detected that these beverages are sometimes adulterated with toxic substances such as ethylene glycol. This illegal practice of adulteration is dangerous and can cause serious health problems for the end consumers. In this work, an alternative, reliable, and rapid method is presented for identifying the presence of ethylene glycol in sotol samples using UV-Vis spectroscopy and neural networks with an accuracy of up to 100%.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Spectroscopy Technology for Chemical Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis)
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Growth Processing and Strategies: A Way to Improve the Gas Sensing Performance of Nickel Oxide-Based Devices
by
Marwa Ben Arbia and Elisabetta Comini
Chemosensors 2024, 12(3), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12030045 - 08 Mar 2024
Abstract
The review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of nickel oxide (NiO) as an emerging material in environmental monitoring by surveying recent developments primarily within the last three years and reports the growth processing and strategies employed to enhance NiO sensing performance. It covers
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The review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of nickel oxide (NiO) as an emerging material in environmental monitoring by surveying recent developments primarily within the last three years and reports the growth processing and strategies employed to enhance NiO sensing performance. It covers synthesis methods for pristine NiO, including vapor-phase, liquid-phase, and solution-processing techniques, highlighting advantages and limitations. The growth mechanisms of NiO nanostructures are explored, with a focus on the most recent research studies. Additionally, different strategies to improve the gas sensing performance of NiO are discussed (i.e., surface functionalization by metallic nanoparticles, heterostructure formation, carbon-based nanomaterials, and conducting polymers). The influence of these strategies on selectivity, sensitivity, response time, and stability of NiO-based sensors is thoroughly examined. Finally, the challenges and future directions that may lead to the successful development of highly efficient NiO-based gas sensors for environmental monitoring are introduced in this review.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Nanomaterials-Based Chemosensor Devices for Air Quality Monitoring)
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Open AccessReview
Can Nano Yield Big Insights? Oligonucleotide-Based Biosensors in Early Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer
by
Alexandra E. Avanu, Alexandra M. Ciubotariu and Gianina Dodi
Chemosensors 2024, 12(3), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12030044 - 06 Mar 2024
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant global health challenge, with late-stage diagnosis impacting treatment options and decreased survival rates. To address this, there has been a growing interest in the development of innovative screening and diagnostic methods. Over the past 20 years, nanobiosensors
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Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant global health challenge, with late-stage diagnosis impacting treatment options and decreased survival rates. To address this, there has been a growing interest in the development of innovative screening and diagnostic methods. Over the past 20 years, nanobiosensors have undergone multiple iterations and unveiled remarkable features that pledge to reshape patient care. Despite the excitement over the plethora of ground-breaking advancements for cancer detection, use-ready samples and streamlined healthcare information monitoring and usage, this technology is still awaiting entry into clinical trials, urging a closer gaze within the medical community. Oligonucleotide-based biosensors, leveraging DNA or RNA’s long-term storage of information, offer great specificity and sensitivity, as described throughout this paper. Consequently, this renders them as an ideal choice for revolutionizing GC diagnosis and facilitating early intervention. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of this cutting-edge, invaluable technology and its limitations across various aspects.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Nanocarriers-Based (Bio)Chemical Sensors in Medicine)
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Open AccessCommunication
Pd-Decorated ZnO Hexagonal Microdiscs for NH3 Sensor
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Yi Li, Boyu Zhang, Juan Li, Zaihua Duan, Yajie Yang, Zhen Yuan, Yadong Jiang and Huiling Tai
Chemosensors 2024, 12(3), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12030043 - 05 Mar 2024
Abstract
The NH3 sensor is of great significance in preventing NH3 leakage and ensuring life safety. In this work, the Pd-decorated ZnO hexagonal microdiscs are synthesized using hydrothermal and annealing processes, and the gas sensor is fabricated based on Pd-decorated ZnO hexagonal
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The NH3 sensor is of great significance in preventing NH3 leakage and ensuring life safety. In this work, the Pd-decorated ZnO hexagonal microdiscs are synthesized using hydrothermal and annealing processes, and the gas sensor is fabricated based on Pd-decorated ZnO hexagonal microdiscs. The gas-sensing test results show that the Pd-ZnO gas sensor has a good response to NH3 gas. Specifically, it has a good linear response within 0.5–50 ppm NH3 at the optimal operating temperature of 230 °C. In addition, the Pd-ZnO gas sensor exhibits good repeatability, short response time (23.2 s) and good humidity resistance (10–90% relative humidity). This work provides a useful reference for developing an NH3 sensor.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue The State-of-the-Art Gas Sensor)
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Open AccessReview
Metal Oxide-Based Sensors for Ecological Monitoring: Progress and Perspectives
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Mykhail Tereshkov, Tetiana Dontsova, Bilge Saruhan and Svitlana Krüger
Chemosensors 2024, 12(3), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12030042 - 05 Mar 2024
Abstract
This paper aims to provide a large coverage of recent developments regarding environmental monitoring using metal oxide-based sensors. Particular attention is given to the detection of gases such as H2, COx, SOx, NOx, and CH
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This paper aims to provide a large coverage of recent developments regarding environmental monitoring using metal oxide-based sensors. Particular attention is given to the detection of gases such as H2, COx, SOx, NOx, and CH4. The developments and analyses of the design of sensors and types of metal oxide sensing materials are emphasized. The sensing mechanisms and peculiarities of metal oxides used in chemoresistive sensors are provided. The main parameters that affect the sensitivity and selectivity of metal oxide sensors are indicated and their significance to the sensor signal is analyzed. Modern data processing algorithms, employed to optimize the measurement process and processing of the sensor signal, are considered. The existing sensor arrays/e-nose systems for environmental monitoring are summarized, and future prospects and challenges encountered with metal oxide-based sensor arrays are highlighted.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Nanomaterials-Based Chemosensor Devices for Air Quality Monitoring)
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Open AccessCorrection
Correction: Wu et al. A Novel Truncated DNAzyme Modified Paper Analytical Device for Point-of-Care Test of Copper Ions in Natural Waters. Chemosensors 2022, 10, 72
by
Jiayi Wu, Ming Wang, Huanhuan Hong, Jianyuan Lin, Ning Gan and Wenchao Bi
Chemosensors 2024, 12(3), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12030041 - 05 Mar 2024
Abstract
The authors make the following corrections to the published paper [...]
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Chemosensors Technologies for Monitoring and Diagnostics)
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Open AccessArticle
Detection of Cadmium and Lead Heavy Metals in Soil Samples by Portable Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
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Mingjun Ma, Li Fang, Nanjing Zhao and Xiaomin Ma
Chemosensors 2024, 12(3), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12030040 - 04 Mar 2024
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in soil is becoming more and more serious. LIBS is one of the most promising technologies for rapid detection of heavy metal contamination in soil. However, due to the wide variety of soils and complex matrices, accurate quantification remains a
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Heavy metal pollution in soil is becoming more and more serious. LIBS is one of the most promising technologies for rapid detection of heavy metal contamination in soil. However, due to the wide variety of soils and complex matrices, accurate quantification remains a challenge. In total, 451 soil samples were prepared and detected by the portable detector of LIBS, which were divided into six categories based on the compactness of the soil pellets, and a separate quantitative model for each type of soil sample was used for quantitative analysis by external standard method. It did not need a lot of data to train the model, and only a small number of calibration samples could be used for quantitative analysis of a large number of samples. The results showed that 78 standard samples and 334 collected samples were quantitatively analyzed by 39 standard samples. Compared with the standard value, the correlation coefficients were all above 0.95. A comparative experiment indicated that the portable LIBS system combined with soil classification and calibration methods can achieve fast and accurate quantitative detection.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, 2nd Edition)
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Open AccessArticle
Bipyridyl Ruthenium-Decorated Ni-MOFs on Carbon Nanotubes for Electrocatalytic Oxidation and Sensing of Glucose
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Yu Zhang, Chang Liu, Rongqiu Yan and Chenghong Lei
Chemosensors 2024, 12(3), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12030039 - 04 Mar 2024
Abstract
Bipyridyl Ruthenium-decorated Ni-MOFs on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-RuBpy@Ni-MOF) were synthesized. In an alkaline solution, the glucose was electrocatalytically oxidized at +0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl at the composite interface of MWCNT-RuBpy@Ni-MOF on a glassy carbon electrode. The Ni3+/Ni2+ redox couples in
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Bipyridyl Ruthenium-decorated Ni-MOFs on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-RuBpy@Ni-MOF) were synthesized. In an alkaline solution, the glucose was electrocatalytically oxidized at +0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl at the composite interface of MWCNT-RuBpy@Ni-MOF on a glassy carbon electrode. The Ni3+/Ni2+ redox couples in Ni-MOFs played a key role as the active center for the catalytic oxidation of glucose at the electrode, where both RuBpy and MWCNTs enhanced the current responses to glucose. The resulting enzymeless glucose sensor from MWCNT-RuBpy@Ni-MOF exhibited a wide range of linear responses, high sensitivity and selectivity for the determination of glucose.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors Based on Metal-Organic Frames (MOFs))
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Open AccessCommunication
Tuning Co/Ni Ratio in Co–Ni Bimetallic Hybrid for Electrochemical Detection of Glucose
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Junyi Zeng, Yanting Yang, Xiaoyu Lei, Jinan Deng, Ning Hu and Jun Yang
Chemosensors 2024, 12(3), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12030038 - 04 Mar 2024
Abstract
Transition metallic binary alloys have attracted enormous attention in regard to the non-enzymatic detection of glucose due to their high electrocatalytic activities induced by the synergistic effect between the individual metallic species. However, the easy aggregation of the bimetallic particles has limited their
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Transition metallic binary alloys have attracted enormous attention in regard to the non-enzymatic detection of glucose due to their high electrocatalytic activities induced by the synergistic effect between the individual metallic species. However, the easy aggregation of the bimetallic particles has limited their performance. Herein, a facile metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived strategy is developed to synthesize a hybrid containing binary Co–Ni nanoparticles decorated on an N-doped porous carbon matrix (CoxNiy/N-C) for the non-enzymatic detection of glucose. The Co/Ni ratio in the hybrid is investigated to regulate its electrocatalytic behaviors for glucose sensing. A hybrid with the optimal Co/Ni ratio of 1:1 displays two linear detection ranges (0.5 µM to 1 mM and 1 mM to 10 mM) with a detection limit of 0.11 µM for glucose. The feasibility of using this hybrid-modified SPE for glucose detection in real serum samples has also been validated.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Development on Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors)
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Open AccessArticle
Pyrene-Derived Covalent Organic Framework Films: Advancements in Acid Vapor Detection
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Shaikha S. AlNeyadi, Mohammed T. Alhassani, Ali S. Aleissaee and Ibrahim AlMujaini
Chemosensors 2024, 12(3), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12030037 - 03 Mar 2024
Abstract
The expansion of global industry results in the release of harmful volatile acid vapors into the environment, posing a threat to various lifeforms. Hence, it is crucial to prioritize the development of swift sensing systems capable of monitoring these volatile acid vapors. This
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The expansion of global industry results in the release of harmful volatile acid vapors into the environment, posing a threat to various lifeforms. Hence, it is crucial to prioritize the development of swift sensing systems capable of monitoring these volatile acid vapors. This initiative holds great importance in safeguarding a clean and safe environment. This paper presents the synthesis and characterization of pyrene-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) that exhibit exceptional crystallinity, thermal stability, and intense fluorescence. Three COFs—PP–COF, PT–COF, and PE–COF—were synthesized, demonstrating large surface areas and robust thermal stability up to 400 °C. The fluorescence properties and intramolecular charge transfer within these COFs were significantly influenced by their Schiff base bonding types and π-stacking degrees between COF layers. Notably, PE-COF emerged as the most fluorescent of the three COFs and exhibited exceptional sensitivity and rapid response as a fluorescent chemosensor for detecting HCl in solution. The reversible protonation of imine bonds in these COFs allowed for the creation of highly sensitive acid vapor sensors, showcasing a shift in spectral absorption while maintaining structural integrity. This study highlights the potential of COFs as reliable and reusable sensors for detecting harmful acid vapors and addressing environmental concerns arising from industrial activities.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical and Biosensors Based on Metal-Organic Frames (MOFs))
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Open AccessArticle
Novel Approach for the Immobilization of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase in PEDOT:PSS Conductive Layer on Planar Gold Electrodes
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Esra Cihan, Eva Melnik, Steffen Kurzhals, Paulina Plata, Giorgio C. Mutinati, Rainer Hainberger, Alfons K.G. Felice, Christopher Schulz and Peter Lieberzeit
Chemosensors 2024, 12(3), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12030036 - 27 Feb 2024
Abstract
Third-generation biosensors use enzymes capable of direct electron transfer (DET) to the sensor surface. They are of interest for continuous glucose monitoring in blood or interstitial fluid, but they are rarely investigated. One reason is the hindered DET of the enzymes to the
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Third-generation biosensors use enzymes capable of direct electron transfer (DET) to the sensor surface. They are of interest for continuous glucose monitoring in blood or interstitial fluid, but they are rarely investigated. One reason is the hindered DET of the enzymes to the metallic electrodes. In this publication, a novel method for the immobilization of cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) DET enzymes employing conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) inks and a protective polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) hydrogel layer on gold electrodes is reported. This layer stack showed a glucose-specific current response for voltages between −0.2 and 0.4 V in physiological PBS buffer, and enabled interference-less sensing in a solution of acetaminophen, ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid at 0 V. A Michaelis–Menten fit led to a maximum current density (Imax) of 257 ± 7.9 nA/mm2 and a Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) of 28.4 ± 2.2 mM, with a dynamic range of 0.1–20 mM glucose and a limit of detection of 0.1 mM. After 16 h of continuous measurement of 20 mM glucose, the signal decreased to 60% of its initial value. Storage stability was successfully verified until up to 10 days. In summary, this paper shows a simplified approach for the fabrication of third-generation biosensors using CDH-PEDOT:PSS and PEG-DMA hydrogel inks.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Development on Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors)
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Research Progress of Electronic Nose and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Meat Adulteration Detection
by
Xu Sun, Songlin Wang and Wenshen Jia
Chemosensors 2024, 12(3), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12030035 - 27 Feb 2024
Abstract
China is a large consumer of meat and meat products. People’s daily diets include a variety of meat, but meat food adulteration problems are common. This paper discusses the research progress of the electronic nose and near-infrared spectroscopy in the field of meat
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China is a large consumer of meat and meat products. People’s daily diets include a variety of meat, but meat food adulteration problems are common. This paper discusses the research progress of the electronic nose and near-infrared spectroscopy in the field of meat adulteration detection. Through the study of dozens of related papers in recent years, it has been found that the use of the electronic nose and near-infrared spectroscopy for meat detection has the advantages of speed, a nondestructive nature, high sensitivity, strong quantitative analysis, high automation, a wide applicability, an improved product quality, and cost reduction over the traditional detection, but it may be limited in detecting the adulteration of a specific meat, and there are issues with the life and stability of the sensors of the electronic nose in the process of detection, along with the problems of the high requirements for the modeling of the data of near-infrared spectroscopy. This paper takes adulterated meat as the research object and briefly summarizes the detection principles of the electronic nose and near-infrared spectroscopy, as well as the types of sensors applied in the electronic nose. The research progress of the electronic nose and near-infrared detection technology in meat adulteration assessment is reviewed, the advantages and disadvantages of the two in practical application are analyzed, the classification of pattern recognition methods and their applications in meat identification are described, and the feasibility and practical significance of the joint application of the two in meat adulteration detection are envisioned. Meanwhile, the challenges faced by the two in meat detection are pointed out.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electronic Nose and Electronic Tongue for Substance Analysis)
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Open AccessArticle
Combination of Machine Learning and RGB Sensors to Quantify and Classify Water Turbidity
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Lorena Parra, Ali Ahmad, Sandra Sendra, Jaime Lloret and Pascal Lorenz
Chemosensors 2024, 12(3), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12030034 - 24 Feb 2024
Abstract
Turbidity is one of the crucial parameters of water quality. Even though many commercial devices, low-cost sensors, and remote sensing data can efficiently quantify turbidity, they are not valid tools for the classification it. In this paper, we design, calibrate, and test a
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Turbidity is one of the crucial parameters of water quality. Even though many commercial devices, low-cost sensors, and remote sensing data can efficiently quantify turbidity, they are not valid tools for the classification it. In this paper, we design, calibrate, and test a novel optical low-cost sensor for turbidity quantification and classification. The sensor is based on an RGB light source and a light detector. The analyzed samples are characterized by turbidity values from 0.02 to 60 NTUs, and have four different sources. These samples were generated to represent natural turbidity sources and leaves in the marine areas close to agricultural lands. The data are gathered using 64 different combinations of light, generating complex matrix data. Machine learning models are compared to analyze this data, including training, validation, and test datasets. Moreover, different alternatives for data preprocessing and feature selection are assessed. Concerning the quantification of turbidity, the best results were obtained using averaged data and principal components analyses in conjunction with exponential gaussian process regression, achieving an R2 of 0.979. Regarding the classification of the turbidity, an accuracy of 91.23% is obtained with the fine K-Nearest-Neighbor classifier. The cases in which data were misclassified are characterized by turbidity values lower than 5 NTUs. The obtained results represent an improvement over the current solutions in terms of turbidity quantification and a completely novel approach to turbidity classification.
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(This article belongs to the Section Optical Chemical Sensors)
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Selective Colorimetric Detection of Pb(II) Ions by Using Green Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles with Orange Peel Extract
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Marco Zannotti, Sara Piras, Lorenzo Remia, Diego Appignanesi and Rita Giovannetti
Chemosensors 2024, 12(3), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12030033 - 24 Feb 2024
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared by using a green approach that employed orange (citrus sinensis) peel water extract (OPE) as a reducing agent. In this case, the organic compounds present in orange peel were able to reduce Au(III) to Au(0) and, at the
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Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared by using a green approach that employed orange (citrus sinensis) peel water extract (OPE) as a reducing agent. In this case, the organic compounds present in orange peel were able to reduce Au(III) to Au(0) and, at the same time, to act as a capping agent, functionalizing the surface of the AuNPs, stabilizing them in a water solution. This “green” approach valorizes orange peel waste as a resourceful material and makes the synthetic process of AuNPs more environmentally sustainable, safe, and economically feasible than the traditional methods. The obtained gold nanoparticles (AuNPs@OPE) were characterized by FT–IR, DLS, SEM analysis, and UV–Vis spectroscopy; the latter showed a characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 530 nm, typical of spherical gold nanoparticles. The AuNPs@OPE were then tested as colorimetric sensors for heavy metals in water, showing an affinity and selectivity toward Pb2+. In fact, in the presence of Pb2+, the added cation favors the aggregation process, and, in this case, nanoparticles form clusters due to the interactions between Pb2+ and the carboxyl/hydroxyl groups on the surface of the AuNPs@OPE, increasing the size of the nanostructure. This process is accompanied by a change in color of the AuNPs@OPE from pink to violet, with a formation of a second, new SPR band, at a higher wavelength, relative to the aggregate formation. The colorimetric assay was tested at different times with the addition of Pb2+ ions showing different LOD values of 13.31 µM and 0.05 µM after 15 min and 90 min, respectively. The proposed colorimetric assay was also tested for analyzing Pb2+ in drinking water samples demonstrating the reliability to use AuNPs@OPE with real samples.
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(This article belongs to the Section Analytical Methods, Instrumentation and Miniaturization)
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Hydrogen Sensing Properties of FET-Type Sensors with Pt-In2O3 at Room Temperature
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Meile Wu, Shixin Hu, Zhanyu Wu, Zebin Wang, Meng Li, Xi Liu, Xiaoshi Jin and Jong-Ho Lee
Chemosensors 2024, 12(3), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12030032 - 24 Feb 2024
Abstract
In this paper, a field effect transistor (FET)-type sensor with Pt-decorated In2O3 (Pt-In2O3) nanoparticles is fabricated for detecting H2 gas at room temperature. A pulsed measurement method is adopted to continuously alternate between pre-biasing the
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In this paper, a field effect transistor (FET)-type sensor with Pt-decorated In2O3 (Pt-In2O3) nanoparticles is fabricated for detecting H2 gas at room temperature. A pulsed measurement method is adopted to continuously alternate between pre-biasing the gate and reading the drain current of the FET-type sensor. This method effectively reduces the drift in the sensing signal. It is also found that negative pre-bias voltages can dramatically shorten the recovery time of the sensor after sensing H2, while positive pre-bias voltages have the opposite effect. The H2 sensing performance of the sensor is characterized under the enhancement of a pulsed negative pre-bias. By calculating and comparing the root mean square, signal-to-noise ratio, and detection limit of the sensor under different operating regions, it is found that the sensor has the best sensing performance in the subthreshold region, which is suggested to be the optimum operating region for FET-type sensors. In addition, the presence of oxygen significantly consumes the hydrogen molecules and reduces the room-temperature H2 sensitivity of the sensor. The proposed sensor presents promising H2 sensing properties, and this research could be a guide for the use of FET-type sensors in more gas detection applications.
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(This article belongs to the Section Electrochemical Devices and Sensors)
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Open AccessReview
The Art of Fluorescence Imaging with Chemical Sensors: The Next Decade 2012–2022
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Michael Schäferling and Vladimir Ondrus
Chemosensors 2024, 12(3), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12030031 - 23 Feb 2024
Abstract
Imaging methods by the means of optical sensors are applied in diverse scientific areas such as medical research and diagnostics, aerodynamics, environmental analysis, or marine research. After a general introduction to the field, this review is focused on works published between 2012 and
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Imaging methods by the means of optical sensors are applied in diverse scientific areas such as medical research and diagnostics, aerodynamics, environmental analysis, or marine research. After a general introduction to the field, this review is focused on works published between 2012 and 2022. The covered topics include planar sensors (optrodes), nanoprobes, and sensitive coatings. Advanced sensor materials combined with imaging technologies enable the visualization of parameters which exhibit no intrinsic color or fluorescence, such as oxygen, pH, CO2, H2O2, Ca2+, or temperature. The progress on the development of multiple sensors and methods for referenced signal read out is also highlighted, as is the recent progress in device design and application formats using model systems in the lab or methods for measurements’ in the field.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fluorescent Probe for Sensing and Bioimaging)
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Open AccessArticle
Gas and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry as a Tool for Elucidating Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Metabolites in Maternal Milk: A Perspective on Infants’ Health Risk Assessment
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Evangelia N. Tzanetou, Electra Manea-Karga, Eirini Baira, Theodora Boutsikou, Zoi Iliodromiti, Nicoletta Iacovidou, Kyriaki Machera and Konstantinos M. Kasiotis
Chemosensors 2024, 12(3), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12030030 - 21 Feb 2024
Abstract
Maternal milk is pivotal for infants’ nutrition. It also portrays the chemical burden to which the mother has been exposed. One of the chemical families that is prevalent and related to potential toxic effects are volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the present study,
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Maternal milk is pivotal for infants’ nutrition. It also portrays the chemical burden to which the mother has been exposed. One of the chemical families that is prevalent and related to potential toxic effects are volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the present study, motivated by the scarcity of works dealing with concomitant VOC and metabolite determination in maternal milk, two new gas/liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS) methods for the simultaneous measurement of 25 VOCs and 9 of their metabolites, respectively, in maternal milk were developed and applied to 20 maternal milk samples collected from mothers in Greece. In parallel, a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME)–GC-MS method was employed for the untargeted screening of chemicals. Low detection rates for benzene, toluene, styrene and p,m-xylenes, and three of their metabolites, namely N-acetyl-S-(benzyl)-L-cysteine (BMA, metabolite of toluene), 3-methylhippuric (3-MHA, metabolite of xylenes) and mandelic acid (MA as DL and R isomers, metabolites of styrene and ethylbenzene), were evidenced in concentrations varying from <lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) to 0.79 ng mL−1. HS-SPME–GC-MS disclosed the presence of common maternal milk constituents such as fatty acids. Nevertheless, bisphenol-A, bisphenol derivatives and phthalates were also detected. The infants’ health risk assessment demonstrated a low risk and negligible carcinogenic risk, yet the detection of these compounds should not be underestimated.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Second Edition of GC, MS and GC-MS Analytical Methods: Opportunities and Challenges)
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Open AccessArticle
RepDwNet: Lightweight Deep Learning Model for Special Biological Blood Raman Spectra Analysis
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Jiongheng He, Rigui Zhou, Pengju Ren, Yaochong Li and Shengjun Xiong
Chemosensors 2024, 12(2), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12020029 - 19 Feb 2024
Abstract
The Raman spectroscopy analysis technique has found extensive applications across various disciplines due to its exceptional convenience and efficiency, facilitating the analysis and identification of diverse substances. In recent years, owing to the escalating demand for high-efficiency analytical methods, deep learning models have
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The Raman spectroscopy analysis technique has found extensive applications across various disciplines due to its exceptional convenience and efficiency, facilitating the analysis and identification of diverse substances. In recent years, owing to the escalating demand for high-efficiency analytical methods, deep learning models have progressively been introduced into the realm of Raman spectroscopy. However, the application of these models to portable Raman spectrometers has posed a series of challenges due to the computational intensity inherent to deep learning approaches. This paper proposes a lightweight classification model, named RepDwNet, for identifying 28 different types of biological blood. The model integrates advanced techniques such as multi-scale convolutional kernels, depth-wise separable convolutions, and residual connections. These innovations enable the model to capture features at different scales while preserving the coherence of feature data to the maximum extent. The experimental results demonstrate that the average recognition accuracy of the model on the reflective Raman blood dataset and the transmissive Raman blood dataset are 97.31% and 97.10%, respectively. Furthermore, by applying structural reparameterization to compress the well-trained model, it maintains high classification accuracy while significantly reducing the parameter size, thereby enhancing the speed of classification inference. This makes the model more suitable for deployment in portable and mobile devices. Additionally, the proposed model can be extended to various Raman spectroscopy classification scenarios.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Bioanalytics)
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Open AccessArticle
Gas Sensing Performance of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Fabricated via Ochradenus baccatus Leaf
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Mohd Wajid Ali Khan, Nagih M. Shaalan, Faheem Ahmed, Subuhi Sherwani, Abdullah Aljaafari, Abdulmohsen K. D. Alsukaibi, Khalaf M. Alenezi and Khalid Al-Motair
Chemosensors 2024, 12(2), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12020028 - 16 Feb 2024
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by green synthesis using plant leaf extraction of Ochradenus baccatus and characterized by XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Since elevated CO levels have been associated with inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory disorders and the methane
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ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by green synthesis using plant leaf extraction of Ochradenus baccatus and characterized by XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Since elevated CO levels have been associated with inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory disorders and the methane gas primarily produced by gut microbiota and linked to gastrointestinal disorders and other abnormal methane levels in breath samples, the nanoparticles were applied for gas sensor fabrication. Thus, the gas sensors fabricated using ZnO nanoparticles were investigated for CH4, H2, CO, and NO2 gases. The gas sensing was performed for the fabricated sensors at various operating temperatures and gas concentrations. Interestingly, leaf-extracted green synthesized ZnO NPs were more sensitive to CH4, CO, and NO2 gases than to H2. The results of sensing studies revealed that the nanoparticles exhibit a selectivity toward gas depending on the gas type. The sensor response was also studied against the humidity. These findings bridge between the laboratory and industry sectors for future gas sensors development, which can be used for exhaled breath analysis and serve as potential diagnostic tools for highly sensitive contagious diseases.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Sensors for Volatile Organic Compound Detection, 2nd Edition)
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New Trend of Amperometric Gas Sensors Using Atomic Gold-Decorated Platinum/Polyaniline Composites
by
Anifatul Faricha, Parthojit Chakraborty, Tso-Fu Mark Chang, Masato Sone and Takamichi Nakamoto
Chemosensors 2024, 12(2), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12020027 - 12 Feb 2024
Abstract
The Amperometric Gas Sensor (AGS) uses an electrode as the transducer element which converts its signal into a current from the electrochemical reaction of analytes taking place at the electrode surface. Many attempts to improve AGS performance, such as modifying the working electrode,
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The Amperometric Gas Sensor (AGS) uses an electrode as the transducer element which converts its signal into a current from the electrochemical reaction of analytes taking place at the electrode surface. Many attempts to improve AGS performance, such as modifying the working electrode, applying a particular gas-permeable membrane, and selecting the proper electrolyte, etc., have been reported in the scientific literature. On the other hand, in the materials community, atomic gold has gained much attention because its physicochemical properties dramatically differ from those of gold nanoparticles. This paper provides an overview of the use of atomic gold in AGSs, both in a bulky AGS and a miniaturized AGS. In the miniaturized AGS, the system must be redesigned; for example, the aqueous electrolyte commonly used in a bulky AGS cannot be used due to volatility and fluidity issues. A Room Temperature Ionic Liquid (RTIL) can be used to replace the aqueous electrolyte since it has negligible vapor pressure; thus, a thin film of RTIL can be realized in a miniaturized AGS. In this paper, we also explain the possibility of using RTIL for a miniaturized AGS by incorporating a quartz crystal microbalance sensor. Several RTILs coated onto modified electrodes used for isomeric gas measurement are presented. Based on the results, the bulky and miniaturized AGS with atomic gold exhibited a higher sensor response than the AGS without atomic gold.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Chemosensors—Section ‘Electrochemical Devices and Sensors’)
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