326 Results Found

A relevant problem in combinatorial mathematics is the problem of counting independent sets of a graph G, denoted by $i\left(G\right)$. This problem has many applications in combinatorics, physics, chemistry and computer science. For example, in statistical physi...

A clear understanding of the number of pigs plays a crucial role in breeding management. Computer vision technology possesses several advantages, as it is harmless and labour-saving compared to traditional counting methods. Nevertheless, the existing...

The closest-point problem for a circular helix reduces to Kepler’s equation $u+esinu=M$ with geometric eccentricity $e=a\rho /b^2$ unrestricted above. Building on this known reduction and earlier half-turn localization, we derive an exact stationary...

Branching patterns are ubiquitous in nature; consequently, over the years many researchers have tried to characterize the complexity of their structures. Due to their hierarchical nature and resemblance to fractal trees, they are often thought to hav...

The issue of counting independent sets of a graph, G, represented as $i\left(G\right)$, is a significant challenge within combinatorial mathematics. This problem finds practical applications across various fields, including mathematics, computer science, physics,...

The early diagnosis of cow subclinical mastitis represents a pivotal factor for a prompt and adequate animal treatment. Although several methods are available, the somatic cells count (SCC) still remains the elective test directly carried out on milk...

Recent developments in affordable depth imaging hardware and the use of 2D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in object detection and segmentation have accelerated the adoption of machine vision in a range of applications, with mainstream models oft...

We show that the quantum wavefunctional can be seen as a set of classical fields on the 3D space aggregated by a measure. We obtain a complete description of the wavefunctional in terms of classical local beables. With this correspondence, classical...

MLP-based weakly supervised crowd counting approaches have made significant advancements over the past few years. However, owing to the limited datasets, the current MLP-based methods do not consider the problem of region-to-region dependency in the...

The peroneal nerve is one of the most commonly injured nerves of the lower extremity. Nerve grafting has been shown to result in poor functional outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare anatomical feasibility as well as axon count...

Background/Objectives: Disease count alone does not show which multimorbidity combinations diversify or persist. We examined longitudinal changes in clinically recognisable multimorbidity profiles across three national ageing cohorts. Methods: Harmon...

Object counting is a fundamental task in remote sensing analysis. Nevertheless, it has been barely studied compared with object counting in natural images due to the challenging factors, e.g., background clutter and scale variation. This paper propos...

This paper attacks the two challenging problems of image-based crowd counting, that is, scale variation and complex background. To that end, we present a novel crowd counting method, called the Scale and Background aware Asymmetric Bilateral Network...

Crowd counting is an important part of crowd analysis and has been widely applied in the field of public safety and commercial management. Although researchers have proposed many crowd counting methods, there is little research on non-uniform populat...

Accurate measurement of tree architecture is vital for understanding forest dynamics and supporting effective forest management. This study evaluates close-range photogrammetry (CRP) using TreeQSM (v2.4.1) software, reconstructing 3D tree structures...

The morphology changes in graphite flakes due to the difference in S and Mn contents were analyzed in gray iron samples with a Carbon Equivalent (CE) of 4.0. Although these Mn and S contents are within the range of industrial usage, the morphological...

Grain number per rice panicle, which directly determines grain yield, is an important agronomic trait for rice breeding and yield-related research. However, manually counting grains of rice per panicle is time-consuming, laborious, and error-prone. I...

A burst image sensor named Hanabi, meaning fireworks in Japanese, includes a branching CCD and multiple CMOS readout circuits. The sensor is backside-illuminated with a light/charge guide pipe to minimize the temporal resolution by suppressing the ho...

The goal of crowd counting is to estimate the number of people in the image. Presently, use regression to count people number became a mainstream method. It is worth noting that, with the development of convolutional neural networks (CNN), methods th...

Due to the low photon count in space imaging and the performance bottlenecks of edge computing devices, there is a need for a practical low-light imaging solution that maintains satisfactory recovery while offering lower network latency, reduced memo...

Crop targets in UAV aerial images are typically characterized by small scale, dense distribution, severe mutual occlusion, and complex backgrounds, which often lead to low detection accuracy and large counting errors for existing deep learning models...

The number of branches in male and female plants of Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill, Cycas edentata de Laub., Cycas wadei Merr., and Zamia encephalartoides D.W. Stev. were counted in Guam, Philippines, and Colombia, to confirm earlier reports that female...

Ventilation network feature graphs (Q-H graphs) are a key visualisation tool for mine ventilation systems, and their automated generation reduces to a combinatorial optimisation problem over independent-path permutations. Existing methods, however, e...

The accurate detection and counting of flowers ensure the grading quality of the ornamental plants. In automated potted flower grading scenarios, low detection precision, occlusions and overlaps impact counting accuracy. This study proposed a countin...

Remote sensing object counting remains challenging for lightweight models due to large scale variation, dense object distribution, and complex background interference. Existing lightweight counting methods usually rely on static multi-scale fusion, w...

Background and Objectives: The masseteric nerve (Mn) is increasingly used for facial reanimation because of its reliable location, high axon count, low donor morbidity, and favorable clinical outcomes. Precise topographic knowledge of the Mn relative...

Background/Objectives: COVID-19 is associated with multiple systemic effects, including cardiovascular complications. However, its interplay with cardiac conduction abnormalities remains underexplored. We compared the clinical profile of COVID-19 pat...

Ginkgo biloba L. has significant health benefits and considerable economic value, but harvesting the fruit is highly labor-intensive. Mechanical vibration harvesting has been shown effective in harvesting various fruit types. In the study of vibratio...

The growth and development of generative organs of the tomato plant are essential for yield estimation and higher productivity. Since the time-consuming manual counting methods are inaccurate and costly in a challenging environment, including leaf an...

Traditional object counting systems use object detection methods to count objects. However, when objects are small, crowded, and dense, object detection may fail, leading to inaccuracies in counting. To address this issue, we propose a crowded object...

In this paper, we study composition-generated fuzzy implications induced by strict fuzzy negations. Starting from the known Yager-type generated implication $I_N(x,y)=N\left(x{N}^{-1}(y)\right),$ we first isolate a general monotone precomposition principle and use...

Pulmonary embolism is a life-threatening condition, which can result in respiratory insufficiency and death. Blood clots occluding branches of the pulmonary artery (PA) are traditionally considered to originate from thrombi in deep veins (usually in...

The total boll count from a plant is one of the most important phenotypic traits for cotton breeding and is also an important factor for growers to estimate the final yield. With the recent advances in deep learning, many supervised learning approach...

Background/Objectives: Classical descriptions of median nerve motor anatomy often emphasize muscle-specific destinations, although a single muscular branch may divide to supply several muscles. This can obscure the hierarchical relationship between b...

Quantum games and mean-field games (MFG) represent two important new branches of game theory. In a recent paper the author developed quantum MFGs merging these two branches. These quantum MFGs were based on the theory of continuous quantum observatio...

Complex morphologies, as is the case in self-assembled fibrillar networks (SAFiNs) of 1,3:2,4-Dibenzylidene sorbitol (DBS), are often characterized by their Fractal dimension and not Euclidean. Self-similarity presents for DBS-polyethylene glycol (PE...

This paper proposes the Branch-Priority Exploration (BPE) framework for autonomous coverage in confined industrial corridor environments. BPE integrates three components: (1) a symmetry-aware LiDAR branch detector; (2) a hierarchical BFS/DFS mode-swi...

Fish fry counting has been vital in fish farming, but current computer-based methods are not feasible enough to accurately and efficiently calculate large number of fry in a single count due to severe occlusion, dense distribution and the small size...

Research Highlights: The first model for crown age estimation was developed for Dracaena ombet Heuglin ex Kotschy and Peyr. and D. draco subsp. caboverdeana Marrero Rodr. and R. Almeida. Background and Objectives: Dracaena species are monocotyledon t...

Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation remains difficult when the source count is unknown, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is low, or several sources are closely spaced. This paper proposes the Forward Sort-and-Gather Alignment Network (FSA-Net) for j...

Considering precision agriculture, recent technological developments have sparked the emergence of several new tools that can help to automate the agricultural process. For instance, accurately detecting and counting apples in orchards is essential f...

Currently, for Pinus pinea L., a valuable Mediterranean forest species in Catalonia, Spain, pinecone production is quantified visually before harvest with a manual count of the number of pinecones of the third year in a selection of trees and then ex...

Understanding the spatial patterns of insect pests and their associations with their environments is crucial for developing effective sampling and management plans. This study was conducted to identify optimal sampling units for the hemlock woolly ad...

Phase contrast microscopy (PCM) is a widely used analytical method for airborne asbestos, but it is unable to distinguish asbestos from non-asbestos fibers and requires time-consuming and laborious manual counting of fibers. Previously, we developed...

Reliable communication infrastructure is a fundamental component of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs), particularly in scenarios involving maritime corridors and emergency traffic management. In locations where optical fiber deployment is geograph...

Estimating object counts within a single image or video frame represents a challenging yet pivotal task in the field of computer vision. Its increasing significance arises from its versatile applications across various domains, including public safet...

Crowd counting has attracted much attention in computer vision owing to its fundamental contribution in public security. But due to occlusions, perspective distortions, scale variations, and background interference it faces a great challenge. In this...

Underwater image processing trades correspondence availability against computational cost. We examine this trade-off using SuperPoint configurations with raw, contrast-enhanced, and joint image processing under a common matching pipeline. On 200 AQUA...

To reduce aggregate gradation counting errors caused by over-segmentation and under-segmentation of stacked and clustered aggregates with mixed types and diverse spatial distributions in hydraulic concrete, this study proposes BC-GECO2, a coarse and...

Accurate detection and counting of oat ears are essential for yield estimation but remain challenging in complex field environments due to occlusion, significant scale variation, and fluctuating lighting. The aim of this study is to develop a high-pr...