Computer Sciences & Mathematics Forum

To demonstrate the interrelation of fashion elements for design forecasting, the research examines classification and sentiment analysis methodologies. The study combines survey data with information from social media and e-commerce sites to find important emotional and behavioral patterns that affect how people make buying decisions. The research employs deep learning, Logistic Regression, and Random Forest models to predict design trends and user preferences. The research methodology focuses on improving fashion analytics through feature selection and user segmentation and visual storytelling methods to enhance strategic decision-making. Full article

Flooding in Bengaluru areas such as Kodigehalli, Hebbal, and Nagavara has led to severe disruptions, including traffic congestion, infrastructure damage, and health risks. To address this issue, we have proposed a smart flood alert and communication system, integrating Internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and smart infrastructure solutions. The system helps by giving information about real-time water level sensors, AI-driven flood prediction models, automated emergency coordination, and a mobile-based citizen reporting platform. Through cloud-based data processing, predictive analytics, and smart drainage management, this solution aims to enhance early warnings, reduce emergency response time, and improve urban flood resilience. It yields up to an 80% reduction in alert delays, a 50% faster emergency response, and improved community safety. This project seeks collaboration with government agencies, technology firms, and community stakeholders to implement a pilot plan, ensuring a scalable and sustainable flood mitigation strategy for Bengaluru. Full article

The need to automate the disease identification processes is frequent because manual identification is time-consuming and needs professional skills to be performed; hence, it may improve effectiveness and precision. This paper has resolved the problem by using image classification with deep learning to detect silkworm diseases. A Kaggle-sourced dataset of work of 492 labelled samples (247 diseased and 245 healthy) was used with a stratified division into 392 training and 100 testing samples. The transfer learning method was performed on two Residual Network models, ResNet-18 and ResNet-50, in which pretrained convolutional layers were frozen and the last fully connected layer was trained to conduct binomial classification. Performance was measured by standard evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and confusion matrices. Full article

In the past, health records were primarily on paper and were essential for recording the results of patient information and treatments. The deployment of “electronic health records” (EHRs) is a new development in healthcare that enables authenticated data storage, reliability when accessing data, and the establishment of easy communication centralized across healthcare service providers. This change enhances the quality of operations for medical environment decision-making using clinical data and patient involvement. Nevertheless, ensuring the authenticity of “EHRs” is a challenging task as a result of the weaknesses of centralized systems. We, therefore, suggest the implementation of (ABE), particularly (CP-ABE) using the blockchain technique, to overcome this problem. CP-ABE maintains data confidentiality and accuracy by encrypting access policies and smart contracts, thus allowing authorized users to decrypt information based on predetermined attributes. In this way, EHRs are ensured to be unaltered as patients’ privacy is preserved, and healthcare providers are not allowed to evaluate people records without consent. The machine learning techniques (“SVM, RF and Naïve Bayes”) used with datasets like “Cleveland Heart Disease” explain the cause risk factors for speed diagnosis and for cardiac disorders. Such a system not only fortifies the security of EHRs but also provides healthcare professionals with the necessary tools to improve patient care. The use of state-of-the-art encryption methods together with predictive analytics allows healthcare providers to protect patient privacy and at the same time make healthcare delivery more efficient through the use of a clinically informed final judgment of patient and personalized wellness plans. Full article

Present financial markets are characterized by great volatility and nonlinear dynamics since they are driven by both quantitative forces and qualitative mood. Traditional trading practices cannot capture such nuance. This study proposes an automated trading system based on machine learning that uses technical analysis as well as sentiment factors for better decision-making. Historical OHLCV stock price data from 2000 to 2025 was augmented with financial indicators such as SMA, EMA, RSI, and Bollinger Bands, as well as sentiment scores based on real-time news via natural language processing. LightGBM regression for predicting the price range and Histogram-Based Gradient Boosting classification for directional prediction were employed. Signals were generated with volatility-adjusted thresholds and classifier confirmation, and a risk management layer enforced position sizing, stop-loss triggering, and drawdown constraint. Back testing demonstrated improved Sharpe ratio, Sortino ratio, and win rates versus baseline strategies. The findings emphasize that the combination of machine learning and sentiment analysis with risk-conscious design improves predictive accuracy, dependability, and preservation of capital in automated trading systems. Full article

For psoriatic lesions, automatic segmentation is crucial to perform objective assessment, monitoring, and medication planning in dermatology. This study proposes a Multiscale Convolutional Neural Network (MSCNN) framework for precise segmentation of psoriatic lesions from medical images. The model was evaluated using the ISIC 2017 dataset and demonstrated robust performance in lesion localization. By analyzing the predicted masks, it has been observed that the boundaries closely match ground truth annotations. Metrics for quantitative evaluation are Dice Coefficient, Intersection over Union (IoU), used with high precision and slightly lower recall, reflecting occasional under-segmentation of fine-scale lesion details. The findings focus on the proposed MSCNN’s capability to produce reliable lesion masks, while also detecting areas for advancement in capturing irregular lesion boundaries. Future work involves integrating multimodal imaging, attention mechanisms, and larger, diverse datasets to improve segmentation accuracy and clinical applicability. Full article

The rapid expansion of digital payment channels has significantly widened the financial transaction attack surface, exposing ecosystems to sophisticated, polymorphic threat vectors. This study introduces an AI-powered cybersecurity mesh that unites Generative AI (GenAI), federated reinforcement learning, and zero-trust principles, with a forward-looking architecture designed for post-quantum readiness. The architecture ingests high-velocity telemetry, coordinates self-evolving agent collectives, and anchors model provenance in a permissioned blockchain to guarantee verifiability and non-repudiation. Empirical evaluations across two production-scale environments—a mobile wallet processing two million transactions per day and a high-throughput cross-border remittance rail—demonstrate a 95.1% threat-detection rate, a 62% reduction in false positives, and a 35.7% latency decrease compared to baseline systems. These results affirm the feasibility of a generative cybersecurity mesh as a scalable, future-proofed blueprint for next-generation payment security. Full article

Depigmented patches are the result of vitiligo, a skin condition brought on by the slow breakdown of melanocytes. High variability, complex lesion morphology, and subtle differences between affected and unaffected skin make accurate diagnosis difficult. In these situations, conventional supervised image analysis techniques have trouble generalizing. By allowing models to acquire significant representations from unlabeled data, self-supervised learning (SSL) presents a viable substitute. The new SSL-based framework for vitiligo skin image analysis proposed in this study uses contrastive learning with augmentation-based pretext tasks to capture complex visual patterns such as patch distribution, texture loss, and border irregularity. The SSL-enhanced model achieved a validation accuracy of 0.83 after fine-tuning on a small, labeled subset. This suggests that SSL could support accurate and labeled efficient vitiligo assessment in clinical and research settings. Direct comparisons with existing supervised model were not performed and were left for future research. Full article

A substantial amount of data is generated day-to-day, to which news articles are a major contributor. Most of this data is not well-structured, highlighting the need for efficient ways to manage, process, and analyze said data. One useful approach involves the categorization of the data. The work “News Article Category Classification” develops a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model for classifying news articles into 14 categories. LSTM networks are suitable for text classification tasks, as they efficiently capture contextual and sequential dependencies. They have a special ability to retain long-term information which makes them perfect for understanding the meaning of news articles. Full article

Millions of people suffer from chronic venous disease (CVD), a common vascular condition that frequently causes pain, edema, and skin ulcers. For treatment to be effective, its stages must be accurately and promptly classified. This study offers a deep learning-based framework for classifying CVD stages using medical images, such as limb photos or ultrasound scans. For training and assessment, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are used in conjunction with pre-trained models like ResNet, VGG, and Efficient Net. Metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score are used to evaluate the model’s performance. The encouraging findings suggest that deep learning tools can greatly facilitate the diagnosis of CVD and may be integrated into clinical decision support systems for quicker, more precise evaluations. Full article

A machine learning architecture is introduced to predict attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and biological sex from multimodal inputs. The problem sidesteps the clinical task of early ADHD detection and adds prediction of sex as a meta-feature to enhance robustness. The architecture is applied to demographic profiles, quantitative tests, and functional brain connectomes as 200 × 200 matrices. Preprocessing includes data harmonization, matrix symmetrization, graph-based descriptor extraction, including total strength, mean, and standard deviation, categorical encoding, variance thresholding, and imputation of missing values using k-nearest neighbors. Sex classification is performed using XGBoost with stratified cross-validation to generate probability outputs that enhance the ADHD model. ADHD classification is tuned using FLAML’s automatic hyperparameter search for XGBoost and class-weighting to address imbalance. Findings show that combining imaging-derived features and automated model selection yields a robust method of ADHD detection, underscoring the utility of multimodal data fusion in neuropsychiatric studies. Full article

This paper proposes a fast epileptic seizure detection method to allow for early clinical intervention. The primary goal is to enhance computational and predictive performance to make the method viable for online implementation. An advanced Line Spectral Estimation (LSE)-based method for EEG analysis was developed with Bayesian inference and Toeplitz structure-based fast inversion with Capon and non-uniform Fourier transforms to reduce computational requirements. XGBoost classifier with parallel boosting was employed to increase prediction performance. The method was tested with patients’ EEG data using multiple embedded Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) platforms and achieved 95.5% accuracy, and 23.48 and 33.46 min average and maximum lead times before a seizure, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity values (92.23% and 93.38%) show the method to be reliable. The integration of LSE and XGBoost can be extended to create an efficient and practical online seizure detection and management tool. Full article

Across the world, asthma is a prominent and widespread respiratory disorder that has a substantial clinical and socioeconomic influence. The classification of asthma subtypes should be performed precisely and effectively, with objectives such as personalized treatments, improved rehabilitation outcomes, and preventing tragic exacerbations. Typical screening approaches are primarily based on spirometry measures, immunologic assessments, and individual clinical diagnoses, and they are commonly affected by limitations such as uncertainty, crossover disparities, and restricted generalizability among various groups of patients. This study utilizes machine learning (ML) methodologies as a Data-Driven Approach (DDA)-based framework for asthma classification to overcome the mentioned challenges. Methodically constructed and evaluated classifiers, such as Random Forest and XGBoost, use the Asthma Disease Dataset from Kaggle, which consists of demographic data, lung function metrics (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio, and PEFR), and immunoglobulin E (IgE) biomarkers. A wide range of metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC), and average precision (AP) are used exhaustively to assess the performance of the model. The results indicate that though each model exhibits outstanding forecasting abilities, XGBoost has an enhanced classification capability, especially in recall and AP, which minimizes the proportion of false negatives, resulting in a clinically noteworthy result. The significance of the FEV1/FVC ratio, IgE levels, and PEFR as key indicators is recognized by feature interpretability analysis. These results emphasize the ability of ML-powered evaluation in advancing personalized healthcare and revolutionizing the clinical management of asthma. Full article

The research is centered on how India’s top-tier IT companies—the “Big Six” of TCS, Infosys, HCLTech, Wipro, Cognizant, and Tech Mahindra—are integrating sustainability in their digitally driven operations, platforms, and business models. The study employs a mixed methodology, combining critical case study analysis with Fuzzy Delphi validation to assess triangular fuzzy numbers, centroid-based defuzzification, and consensus thresholds. The study explores how AI, big data, analytics, and digital marketing influence environmentally sustainable consumption behaviors within global ecosystems. Results show that, despite limited consumer control, these companies shape sustainability-related behavior indirectly through backend systems, digital platforms, and algorithmic logic—known as “invisible architecture”. This study confirms six main sustainability factors through expert consensus. Noteworthy among those are Digital Infrastructure for Sustainability, Platform Logic for Behavioral Change, and AI-Enabled Analytics and Recommendations. Thematic cross-case results reveal both the promise and ethical challenges of digital sustainability, including the prevalence of greenwashing and risks of overconsumption. Full article

More reliable and intelligent detection systems are required because of the rise in fraudulent activities brought on by the volume of digital financial transactions. In this work, the data used is from a publicly accessible dataset with more than a million transaction records to investigate a machine learning strategy to identify hidden patterns in the fraud transaction. Data preprocessing included applying Z-score normalization, eliminating outliers using the IQR method, and handling missing values according to the skewness of each attribute. The selection of important features was guided by correlation analysis using Chi-square tests and Pearson coefficients. This study implemented multiple supervised learning techniques, comprising Random Forest, Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Gradient Boost to evaluate and compare their effectiveness in accurately detecting fraudulent transactions. Full article

This paper focuses on one specific aspect of a larger project evaluating three measures of banking risk. It emphasizes the overarching question of comparative regulatory policy: Do the European Union and the United States constitute two distinct and separate banking cultures? To answer such a question, conventional econometrics often prescribes fixed effects regression. This paper pursues an alternative approach. It directly asks whether banks on those separate continents can be distinguished using exactly the same design matrix to evaluate the proposed risk measures. The successful completion of that classification task permits the bifurcation of the overall dataset into distinct subsets, one for each continent. Parameter estimates and fitted values produced by separate regressions supply far more reliable and accurate insights into the distinct business and regulatory cultures of European and American banking. Full article

Recently, time-series forecasting foundation models trained on large, diverse datasets have demonstrated robust zero-shot and few-shot capabilities. Given the ubiquity of time-series data in IoT, finance, and industrial applications, rigorous benchmarking is essential to assess their forecasting performance and overall value. In this study, our objective is to benchmark foundational models from Amazon, Salesforce, and Google against traditional statistical and deep learning baselines on both public and proprietary industrial datasets. We evaluate zero-shot, few-shot, and full-shot scenarios using metrics such as sMAPE and NMAE on fine-tuned models, ensuring reliable comparisons. All experiments are conducted with onTime, our dedicated open-source library that guarantees reproducibility, data privacy, and flexible configuration. Our results show that foundation models often outperform traditional methods with minimal dataset-specific tuning, underscoring their potential to simplify forecasting tasks and bridge performance gaps in data-scarce settings. Additionally, we address non-performance criteria, such as integration ease, model size, and inference/training time, which are critical for real-world deployment. Full article

Two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression undergirds much of contemporary geospatial econometrics. Walk-forward validation in time-series forecasting constitutes a special instance of iterative local regression. Two-stage least squares and iterative regression supply distinct approaches to isolating the drift and diffusion terms in data containing deterministic and stochastic components. To demonstrate the benefits of these methods outside their native contexts, this paper applies 2SLS correction of residuals and iterative local regression to panel data on passenger railway traffic in Europe. Goodness of fit improved from r² ≈ 0.685 to r² ≈ 0.723 through 2SLS and to r² ≈ 0.825 through iterative local regression. Two-stage least squares provides strong evidence of geopolitical and temporal influences. Iterative local regression produces implicit vectors of coefficients and p-values that reinforce some causal inferences of the unconditional model for rail passenger traffic while simultaneously undermining others. Full article