Platinum group metals (PGM) are essential for clean-energy technologies, including proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers for hydrogen production and PEM fuel cells for hydrogen use, as well as catalytic, electronic, and advanced industrial app...
Grandparents constitute an important source of childcare to many parents. Focusing on the Belgian context, this paper improves our understanding of childcare decision-making by investigating how formal childcare availability and availability of grand...
High availability is vital for network operators to ensure reliable services. Network faults can disrupt functionality and require quick recovery. Multipath networking enhances availability through load balancing and optimal link utilization. However...
Availability of abiotic resources has been a topic of concern in recent years, resulting in several approaches being published to determine their availability on country and product level. However, the availability of biotic materials has not been an...
Low energy availability in athletes is an insufficiently researched phenomenon due to lack of a universal methodology. Current objective and subjective methods for assessing low energy availability lack in accuracy, are not used with a standardized a...
Blockchain adopts a chain data structure, and the characteristics of blocks that can only be added and cannot be deleted make the total number of blocks accumulate over time, forcing resource-constrained nodes to become degraded nodes in order to all...
This work stems from the worldwide increasing need to precisely consider, in the design phase of an HVDC project, the availability of the HVDC system. In this paper, an overview of the availability assessment methods for HVDC-VSC transmission systems...
In software reliability engineering, software-rejuvenation and -checkpointing techniques are widely used for enhancing system reliability and strengthening data protection. In this paper, a stochastic framework composed of a composite stochastic Petr...
This article explores spiritual formation in Scripture through moments of divine–human encounter marked by mutual availability—what the Hebrew Bible names as hineni (“Here I am”). Through a theological and narrative reading of...
The Interplanetary File System (IPFS), a new type of P2P file system, enables people to obtain data from other peer nodes in a distributed system without the need to establish a connection with a distant server. However, IPFS suffers from low resolut...
In this paper, we study two scheduling problems on a single machine with rejection and an operator non-availability interval. In the operator non-availability interval, no job can be started or be completed. However, a crossover job is allowed such t...
Networking services may be broken down in a disaster situation while people in the disaster area(s) strongly demand networking services for both communication and information sharing among users. This requires the fast restoration of networking servi...
Following the massive power cut in Spain on 28 April 2025, questions have been raised about the reliability of energy generation infrastructure in the face of the variability of renewable energy sources. On the other hand, the market penetration of e...
The provision or restriction of select nutrients in an athlete’s diet can elicit a variety of changes in fuel utilization, training adaptation, and performance outcomes. Furthermore, nutrient availability can also influence athlete health, with...
Globally, genetic testing has become increasingly used over the last two decades. As a result of the rapid development of genetic tests, the Genetic Testing Registry was created in the United States to provide transparent information on genetic tests...
This study examined associations of home food availabilities with prediabetes and diabetes among 8929 adults (20–70 years) participating in 2007–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence...
Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) have immense potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels, and for smart grid applications. Although a great deal of research is focused on technological limitations that affect PEV b...
Availability is one of the main concerns of cloud users, and cloud providers always try to provide higher availability to improve user satisfaction. However, higher availability results in higher provider costs and lower social welfare. In this paper...
Wireless visual sensor networks have been considered for a large set of monitoring applications related with surveillance, tracking and multipurpose visual monitoring. When sensors are deployed over a monitored field, permanent faults may happen duri...
Depending on their motivation, offenders have different goals, and disclosure of information is not always such a goal. It often happens that the purpose of the offender is to disrupt the normal operation of the system. This can be achieved both by a...
As the demand for high-performance computing (HPC) resources has increased in the field of computational science, an inevitable consideration is service availability in large cluster systems such as supercomputers. In particular, the factor that most...
High-availability (HA) systems—essential in many contemporary contexts—are designed to guarantee the availability of processes and data for more than 99% of their operational time. These systems are typically implemented as Cloud/Edge inf...
Production systems are becoming increasingly complex, which means that the main task of industrial maintenance, ensuring the technical availability of a production system, is also becoming increasingly difficult. The previous focus of maintenance eff...
The current energy scenario and policies demand the transition of the fuel economy from conventional fossil fuels to renewable fuels, carbon-neutral fuels, and/or decarbonized fuels. The impact of biomass-derived fuels is well-known as their radiocar...
Understorey vegetation comprises a major portion of plant diversity and contributes greatly to nutrient cycling and energy flow. This review examines the mechanisms involved in the response of understorey vegetation to stand development and the overs...
Biscuits are bakery products made with wheat flour. Wheat is a good source of minerals and dietary fibre, although the presence of phytate or other components could modify mineral availability. In addition, cereal-based products are usually character...
Most existing studies of a system’s availability in the presence of epistemic uncertainties assume that the system is binary. In this paper, a new methodology for the estimation of the availability of multi-state systems is developed, taking in...
Competitiveness in industry requires smooth, efficient, and high-quality operation. For some industrial applications or process control and monitoring applications, it is necessary to achieve high availability and reliability because, for example, th...
Domestic drinking water supplies prone to interruptions and low per capita domestic water availability have been frequently reported among African households. Despite expanded international monitoring indicators that now include metrics of water avai...
Context-adaptive functions are not new in the driving context, but even so, investigations into these functions concerning the automation human–machine interface (aHMI) have yet to be carried out. This study presents research into context-adaptive av...
In the current era of prevailing information technology, the requirement for high availability and reliability of various types of services is critical. This paper focusses on the comparison and analysis of different high-availability solutions for L...
This study deals with the assessment of the progress of the electromobility programme with regard to the technical availability of public transport buses. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the availability of electric b...
Relative Energy Deficiency in sport is experiencing remarkable popularity of late, particularly among female athletes. This condition is underpinned by low energy availability, which is a byproduct of high energy expenditure, inadequate energy intake...
For many vertical Internet of Things (IoT) applications, the high availability is very important. In traditional cloud systems, services are usually implemented with the same level of availability in which the fault detection and fault recovery mecha...
29 December 2020
Background: Medicine and medical supplies are often in short supply in countries suffering from the scourge of conflict. Effective medicine supply policies are lacking in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly during conflict. Th...
27 August 2025
Background: The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act requires access to free drinking water in public school cafeterias during meal times. Previous studies suggest that increasing access to water in schools can increase its consumption among students, poten...
Plant–animal interactions play a crucial role in ecosystem functioning, especially through seed dispersal mechanisms. Understanding how small mammal populations respond to seed availability is essential for ecosystem management and biodiversity...
Nitrate (NO3−) is an essential nitrogen source and an important signaling molecule that regulates plant growth and development in response to nitrogen availability. Although several CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) have been implicated i...
Maintaining product availability is one of the biggest challenges in retail business because it directly relates to lost sale and decrease in customer loyalty. A solution that ensures a more accurate prediction and eliminates costly stock-outs and wa...
Recent data center incidents have revealed that certification under ISO 22301 and ISO/IEC 27001 does not guarantee real operational resilience. This study presents the Availability Assurance Framework (RMF-A), an extension of the NIST Risk Management...
Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are widely used in low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite navigation; however, their availability is poor for users in medium Earth orbits (MEO), and high Earth orbits (HEO). With the increasing demand for navigati...
Hydrography and hydrogeology data contain spatial references and as such are part of spatial data infrastructure. On the European level, these data are part of European spatial data infrastructure, well known as INSPIRE. The objective of INSPIRE is t...
The availability assessment is an important step for onboard application in Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)s. It is commonly implemented using the protection level (PL)-based method. This paper analyzes the deficiencies of three kinds...
Snakebite envenoming is a serious global public health problem, and international initiatives, under the coordination of the World Health Organization and its regional offices, are being developed to reduce the impact of this neglected tropical disea...
Hydropressor systems are of paramount importance in keeping water supplies running properly. A typical such device consists of two (or more) identical electropumps operating alternately, so as to avoid downtime as much as possible. We consider a dual...
Background: Nutrition in sport is a priority; it is the basis for maintaining optimal health and a prerequisite for the high performance necessary for competitions. The aim of this study was to assess low energy availability and its possible conseque...
Along with urbanization and economic development, the number of private cars has increased rapidly in recent years in China, which contributes to concerns about traffic congestion, hard parking, energy consumption, and emissions. This study aims to i...
To investigate the effects of biochar on the availability of trace elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn) in soils with different properties, biochar derived from wheat straw (WSBC) and peanut shells (PSBC) was added to red and yellow-brown soils for pot expe...
Background: This study investigated the effects of decreased energy availability (EA) and carbohydrate availability (CA) on reproductive and metabolic hormones in male endurance-trained athletes. Methods: Thirteen athletes (age: 26.08 ± 4.3 ye...
Through the latest technological and conceptual developments, the centralized cloud-computing approach has moved to structures such as edge, fog, and the Internet of Things (IoT), approaching end users. As mobile network operators (MNOs) implement th...
of 2,755