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Smart Sensors for Remotely Operated Robots
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Smart Sensors for Remotely Operated Robots

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Sensors and Robotics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2024 | Viewed by 21693

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Liviu C. Miclea

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Automation and Computer Science, Department of Automation, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Memorandumului 28, 400014 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: cyber-physical systems; multiagent systems; computer aided design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ovidiu P. Stan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Automation and Computer Science, Department of Automation, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Memorandumului 28, 400014 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: semantic interoperability; information management in the age of the Internet; cloud-fog-edge; dependable systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Vlad Muresan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Automation and Computer Science, Department of Automation, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Memorandumului 28, 400014 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: cyber-physical systems; intelligent control; industrial robot plant control; distributed parameter systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Florin Pop

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest / National Institute for Research and Development in Informatics – ICI Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: large-scale distributed systems (design and performance); grid computing and cloud computing; peer-to-peer systems; big data management; data aggregation; information retrieval and ranking techniques; bio-inspired optimization methods
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Robots can be very different, from humanoids to intelligent self-driving cars, or just IoT systems that locally collect and process information from sensors. Each of these robots can communicate with each other if they are close enough or through access points (AP).

Smart sensors use evolving techniques for signal processing, data fusion techniques, smart algorithms and artificial intelligence principles, to increase our understanding of sensor data, improve the integration of sensors, improve the extraction of features and allow smart sensing applications to take measurements and to control different types of robots.

Lately, significant progress has been made in computer technology regarding increased miniaturization, computational power and big data accessibility. These advances are important in making the sensors and sensing modalities both distributed and at edge, in order to provide a dependable environment for remotely operated robots. These features will support a broader variety of functions: multi-sensory data processing and analytics, dynamic control systems approaches and artificial intelligence. These new capabilities will enable disruptive innovation in biomedical robots, independent insect-size drones, independent intelligent environmental perception, safety critical applications and surveillance in real time and beyond.

This Special Issue aims to highlight the progress and latest emerging technology applications for remotely operated robots’ smart sensors in all fields. It will provide the scientific community with a platform for sharing innovations and new ideas about those technologies.

The topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Hardware–software design approaches for smart edge processing
  • Heterogeneous systems-on-chip and architecture for energy-efficient smart edge processing
  • Edge machine-learning architectures dealing with sensor and signal variabilities
  • Neuro-symbolic and brain- and bio-inspired computing paradigms for edge processing
  • IO and peripherals for energy-efficient interfaces in edge-computing systems
  • Edge processing for IoT systems and human–machine interaction
  • Real-time and safety-critical smart edge sensors for industrial IoT
  • Dependability issues for smart sensors
  • Security and privacy for smart sensors
  • Applications: smart city, smart home, environmental monitoring, biomedical, industrial, wearable systems, smart agriculture, etc.

Prof. Dr. Liviu C. Miclea
Dr. Ovidiu P. Stan
Dr. Vlad Muresan
Prof. Dr. Florin Pop
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Smart Sensors
  • Remotely Operated Robots
  • Edge Processing
  • Intelligent Control
  • IoT Distributed Smart Sensors
  • Synthetic Data Sensors
  • Collaborative Robots’ Control
  • Industrial Smart Sensors
  • Alternative MEMs Input
  • AAL Robot
  • Dependable Smart Sensors
  • Smart Sensors’ Security

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 7547 KiB  
Article
Methodology for the Development of Augmented Reality Applications: MeDARA. Drone Flight Case Study
by Marco Antonio Zamora-Antuñano, Luis F. Luque-Vega, Miriam A. Carlos-Mancilla, Ricardo Hernández-Quesada, Neín Farrera-Vázquez, Rocío Carrasco-Navarro, Carlos Alberto González-Gutiérrez and Yehoshua Aguilar-Molina
Sensors 2022, 22(15), 5664; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155664 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2036
Abstract
Industry 4.0 involves various areas of engineering such as advanced robotics, Internet of Things, simulation, and augmented reality, which are focused on the development of smart factories. The present work presents the design and application of the methodology for the development of augmented [...] Read more.
Industry 4.0 involves various areas of engineering such as advanced robotics, Internet of Things, simulation, and augmented reality, which are focused on the development of smart factories. The present work presents the design and application of the methodology for the development of augmented reality applications (MeDARA) using a concrete, pictorial, and abstract approach with the intention of promoting the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of the students within the conceptual framework of educational mechatronics (EMCF). The flight of a drone is presented as a case study, where the concrete level involves the manipulation of the drone in a simulation; the graphic level requires the elaboration of an experiential storyboard that shows the scenes of the student’s interaction with the drone in the concrete level; and finally, the abstract level involves the planning of user stories and acceptance criteria, the computer design of the drone, the mock-ups of the application, the coding in Unity and Android Studio, and its integration to perform unit and acceptance tests. Finally, evidence of the tests is shown to demonstrate the results of the application of the MeDARA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Sensors for Remotely Operated Robots)
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39 pages, 6617 KiB  
Article
Towards Fully Autonomous UAVs: A Survey
by Taha Elmokadem and Andrey V. Savkin
Sensors 2021, 21(18), 6223; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186223 - 16 Sep 2021
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 9618
Abstract
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles have undergone rapid developments in recent decades. This has made them very popular for various military and civilian applications allowing us to reach places that were previously hard to reach in addition to saving time and lives. A highly desirable [...] Read more.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles have undergone rapid developments in recent decades. This has made them very popular for various military and civilian applications allowing us to reach places that were previously hard to reach in addition to saving time and lives. A highly desirable direction when developing unmanned aerial vehicles is towards achieving fully autonomous missions and performing their dedicated tasks with minimum human interaction. Thus, this paper provides a survey of some of the recent developments in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles related to safe autonomous navigation, which is a very critical component in the whole system. A great part of this paper focus on advanced methods capable of producing three-dimensional avoidance maneuvers and safe trajectories. Research challenges related to unmanned aerial vehicle development are also highlighted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Sensors for Remotely Operated Robots)
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22 pages, 8058 KiB  
Article
Availability of an RFID Object-Identification System in IoT Environments
by Cosmina Corches, Mihai Daraban and Liviu Miclea
Sensors 2021, 21(18), 6220; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186220 - 16 Sep 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2451
Abstract
Through the latest technological and conceptual developments, the centralized cloud-computing approach has moved to structures such as edge, fog, and the Internet of Things (IoT), approaching end users. As mobile network operators (MNOs) implement the new 5G standards, enterprise computing function shifts to [...] Read more.
Through the latest technological and conceptual developments, the centralized cloud-computing approach has moved to structures such as edge, fog, and the Internet of Things (IoT), approaching end users. As mobile network operators (MNOs) implement the new 5G standards, enterprise computing function shifts to the edge. In parallel to interconnection topics, there is the issue of global impact over the environment. The idea is to develop IoT devices to eliminate the greenhouse effect of current applications. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the technology that has this potential, and it can be used in applications ranging from identifying a person to granting access in a building. Past studies have focused on how to improve RFID communication or to achieve maximal throughput. However, for many applications, system latency and availability are critical aspects. This paper examines, through stochastic Petri nets (SPNs), the availability, dependability, and latency of an object-identification system that uses RFID tags. Through the performed analysis, the optimal balance between latency and throughput was identified. Analyzing multiple communication scenarios revealed the availability of such a system when deployed at the edge layer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Sensors for Remotely Operated Robots)
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17 pages, 33180 KiB  
Article
Method to Increase Dependability in a Cloud-Fog-Edge Environment
by Ovidiu Petru Stan, Szilárd Enyedi, Cosmina Corches, Stelian Flonta, Iulia Stefan, Dan Gota and Liviu Miclea
Sensors 2021, 21(14), 4714; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144714 - 09 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2521
Abstract
Robots can be very different, from humanoids to intelligent self-driving cars or just IoT systems that collect and process local sensors’ information. This paper presents a way to increase dependability for information exchange and processing in systems with Cloud-Fog-Edge architectures. In an ideal [...] Read more.
Robots can be very different, from humanoids to intelligent self-driving cars or just IoT systems that collect and process local sensors’ information. This paper presents a way to increase dependability for information exchange and processing in systems with Cloud-Fog-Edge architectures. In an ideal interconnected world, the recognized and registered robots must be able to communicate with each other if they are close enough, or through the Fog access points without overloading the Cloud. In essence, the presented work addresses the Edge area and how the devices can communicate in a safe and secure environment using cryptographic methods for structured systems. The presented work emphasizes the importance of security in a system’s dependability and offers a communication mechanism for several robots without overburdening the Cloud. This solution is ideal to be used where various monitoring and control aspects demand extra degrees of safety. The extra private keys employed by this procedure further enhance algorithm complexity, limiting the probability that the method may be broken by brute force or systemic attacks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Sensors for Remotely Operated Robots)
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14 pages, 1320 KiB  
Article
Optical Axons for Electro-Optical Neural Networks
by Mircea Hulea, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Sujan Rajbhandari, Othman Isam Younus and Alexandru Barleanu
Sensors 2020, 20(21), 6119; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216119 - 27 Oct 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3251
Abstract
Recently, neuromorphic sensors, which convert analogue signals to spiking frequencies, have been reported for neurorobotics. In bio-inspired systems these sensors are connected to the main neural unit to perform post-processing of the sensor data. The performance of spiking neural networks has been improved [...] Read more.
Recently, neuromorphic sensors, which convert analogue signals to spiking frequencies, have been reported for neurorobotics. In bio-inspired systems these sensors are connected to the main neural unit to perform post-processing of the sensor data. The performance of spiking neural networks has been improved using optical synapses, which offer parallel communications between the distanced neural areas but are sensitive to the intensity variations of the optical signal. For systems with several neuromorphic sensors, which are connected optically to the main unit, the use of optical synapses is not an advantage. To address this, in this paper we propose and experimentally verify optical axons with synapses activated optically using digital signals. The synaptic weights are encoded by the energy of the stimuli, which are then optically transmitted independently. We show that the optical intensity fluctuations and link’s misalignment result in delay in activation of the synapses. For the proposed optical axon, we have demonstrated line of sight transmission over a maximum link length of 190 cm with a delay of 8 μs. Furthermore, we show the axon delay as a function of the illuminance using a fitted model for which the root mean square error (RMS) similarity is 0.95. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Sensors for Remotely Operated Robots)
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