The air suspension system has become more and more popular in heavy vehicles and buses to improve ride comfort and road holding. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the dynamic load reduction at all axles of a semi-trailer with an air suspension...
Operant conditioning that includes primarily positive reinforcement (R+) has been shown to be an effective and welfare-friendly method of training horses. Despite this, operant conditioning and R+ are not fully understood by many horse trainers who c...
The effect of bedding levels and trailer compartment on internal trailer temperature and relative humidity (RH) during loading and transport of finishing pigs was evaluated in cold and mild weather. Three levels of bedding were used in each experimen...
The dimensions and weight of machines, structures, and components that need to be transported safely by road are growing constantly. One of the safest and most widely used transport systems on the road today due to their versatility and configuration...
7 April 2021
Vehicle loads have significant impacts on the emissions of heavy-duty trucks, even in the same traffic conditions. Few studies exist covering the differences in emissions of diesel semi-trailer towing trucks (DSTTTs) with different loads, although th...
Load rating, using nominated rating vehicles by individual road authorities, is described in the Australian standard for bridge assessment, AS 5100.7, for all load effects, including shear. The load rating can be used to indicate the strength conditi...
The future charging requirements of electric trucks will lead to new demands on the power grid. In order not to slow the expansion of the charging infrastructure for electric trucks, the power grid must be strengthened for this purpose. However, due...
The aim of this work was to determine the dependence of the heart rate of operators of forwarding machines on the activities performed during the working day within the framework of timber forwarding and to compare individual activities in terms of t...
The frame structure of the trailer may influence both the traction and the tractor-trailer stability, especially along sloped paths. The aim of this research was to analyze a trailer overturning and the strains on the connected tractors (wheeled, or...
In Europe, long-distance transport of wood from landings to consumers is most often carried out by trucks and trucks with trailers. In forests located mainly in mountainous areas with rugged terrain and frequent curves, the construction of forest roa...
A multi-bale handling unit offers an advantage for the efficient hauling of round bales. Two empty racks on trailers are left at a satellite storage location for loading while a truck tractor delivers two loaded racks to the biorefinery, thus uncoupl...
Trailers for passenger cars are often used for the transportation of goods. There are various trailer designs. Most trailers are equipped with axles, which include swinging arms and are suspended by rubber segments. Observations have revealed that em...
Operation of vehicle–trailer combinations is currently popular throughout many countries. Connecting a trailer to a passenger car increases the car’s utility value because it is possible to transport more goods over shorter or longer dist...
With the rapid development of the road transport industry, trucks with semi-trailers have become the main means of transporting goods by road. High quality, durability and reliability of the construction are the main requirements for the production o...
This paper deals with the design and operational evaluation of a timber tractor-trailer unit with a hybrid trailer drive. The source of electrical energy for the two induction motors driving the front wheels of the tandem trailer axle is a battery, w...
There are two key parameters in short-haul truck operations to deliver biomass to a biorefinery: (1) mass of the load and (2) cycle time (load, travel, unload, and return). A plan to optimize both these parameters is outlined in this study. Operation...
The variety of wood loads and their parameters (humidity, density, assortment) are often the cause of the increased total weight of the vehicle (GVW). With significant GVW exceeding, forest roads are exposed to high-tonnage vehicles, which results in...
Trucks consume an enormous amount of diesel annually and contribute significantly to the total CO2 emissions around the world. Electrification of these freight vehicles would lead to a reduction in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Trailers, as par...
The configuration under investigation consists of a car and a trailer connected by a coupling mechanism at a hinge point. Due to the dual-unit design, car–trailer combinations are prone to poor lateral stability at high speeds, often resulting...
During warm weather, incorrect bedding levels on a trailer transporting market weight pigs may result in heat stress, fatigue, and death. Two experiments were conducted in June and July of 2011; Experiment 1 used 80 loads (n = 13,887 pigs) to determi...
There is relevant interest concerning beehives, taking into account climate change and its influence on bees’ behavior. A part of the industrial engineering sector is focusing on beekeeping applications. More specifically, the present study aim...
The aim of the study was to investigate the actual axle loads of vehicles used for the transport of sawmill by-products, resulting from the total weight of the transport set (GVW) at different times of the year and depending on the type of sets and t...
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of habituation to livestock trailers on stress responses in goats transported for long periods. Intact male Spanish goats (12-month old; BW = 31.6 ± 0.34 kg; N = 168) were separated into t...
Although critical to modern logistics, heavy-duty commercial vehicles face mounting pressure to improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the techno-economic and environmental performance of four vehicle co...
Due to environmental pollution and depletion of fossil fuels, hydrogen is becoming an increasingly practical, clean and environmentally friendly option for transportation and energy storage among all green alternative energy sources introduced. Hydro...
To investigate the driving safety of tractor-trailers under extreme conditions in cold mountainous areas, this paper used numerical simulation software to construct a driving scenario of cold mountainous road, to simulate and analyze the driving safe...
Within the majority of forest areas where timber is harvested for industrial and energy purposes, working technologies using highly efficient multi-operational machinery and equipment are employed. The situation is different in fragmented, privately...
The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency and the direct costs of wood forwarding with a farm tractor with a trailer in a gap cutting and in the late thinning of a stand. The forwarding productivity was determined by the timing method. The u...
Transport of wood biomass is one of the key operations in forestry and in the wood industry. An important part is the transport of shredded wood, where the most common forms are chips and sawdust. The aim of the research was to present the variabilit...
The article presented the issue of securing semi-trailer trucks and trailers during their transport using intermodal railway wagons as a part of combined transport. This issue was analysed in different operational conditions related to loading level,...
Our research aimed to quantify stress load in drivers by monitoring the load on the radial extensor carpi radialis (musculus extensor carpi radialis) on different types of forest and other categories of roads. We observed changes in the electrical po...
The transport industry in the European Union plays a key role in the economy. However, due to persistent political, social, and technological changes, examining optimization strategies in transportation has become a crucial task to minimize expenditu...
Many countries, especially China, have extensively promoted liquefied natural gas (LNG) to replace diesel in heavy-duty vehicles for to achieve sustainable transport aims, including carbon peaks and neutrality. We developed a life-cycle calculation m...
The use of road simulators in vehicle durability tests enables a significant reduction in time related to the implementation of a new product. However, there is still a need to improve the methods of these tests in order to obtain a full correlation...
With the continuous development of road transport of goods, the issue of safety risks related to the movement of trucks and road trains remains an essential element of the overall road safety system. One of the persistent problems is the braking of s...
In the field of inner-city cargo transportation, solutions such as electrified cargo trailers are increasingly being used. To provide an intelligent drivetrain control system that improves driving dynamics and enables safety, it is necessary to know...
Between 20 and 30% of the feedstock delivered cost is the highway hauling. In order to achieve maximum truck productivity, and thus minimize hauling cost, the hauling technology needs to provide for rapid loading and unloading. Three prototype techno...
Between November 2016 and October 2017, 23 horse transports from 18 collection points to two slaughterhouses in Argentina and one in Uruguay were monitored. The goal of this study was to characterize the current practices in commercial horse transpor...
A total of 2,145 pigs were transported for 8 h in summer (six trips) and winter (five trips) using a pot-belly trailer accommodating pigs in four locations (upper deck or UD, bottom-nose or BN, middle deck or MD and bottom deck or BD). Heart rate of...
The fifth wheel of the semi-trailer tractor is a key component connecting the tractor and the semi-trailer. During operation, the fifth wheel experiences frequent irregular and repetitive loading conditions. This leads to a decline in its durability...
The issue of the transport of goods is well-known, yet, in practice, there are often cases of damaged shipments due to improper storage and inappropriately chosen transport technology. Many cases are due to ignorance of the basic characteristics of t...
Wheel hubs in heavy-duty agricultural trailers operate under demanding conditions comprising rough terrain, impact loads, and highly variable load spectra. Current design practice relies predominantly on experience-based sizing rather than systematic...
The presented research is focused on the development of the bus rapid transit (BRT) system, combining the high capacity of rail transport with the flexibility of bus routes. Classic BRT systems have certain limitations, particularly concerning a sing...
Soil compaction forms a major threat to the well-functioning of agricultural soils. This threat is primarily driven by the increasing wheel loads of modern farming machinery and the increased frequency of field operations in periods when the soil is...
This observational study was conducted to characterize the thermal micro- climate that broilers experienced in commercial poultry transporters under various weather conditions and typical management practices in the South Central USA. We continuously...
Light-duty trucks (LDTs) are often used to tow trailers. Towing increases the load on the engine, and this additional load can affect exhaust emissions. Although heavy-duty towing impacts are widely studied, data on LDT towing impacts is sparse. In t...
The rubber tree is the world’s main source of natural latex. However, the latex extraction and harvesting system requires a high level of human labor with agricultural tractors, which can expose workers to adverse conditions, such as noise. Thi...
In Ireland, timber and biomass haulage faces the challenge of transporting enough material within strict legal dimensions and gross vehicle weights restrictions for trucks and trailers. The objective of this study was to develop a method to control p...
Automatic guidance vehicles (AGV) are industrial vehicles that play an important role in the development of smart manufacturing systems and Industry 4.0. To provide these autonomous systems with the flexibility that is required today in these industr...
Longitudinal-connected air suspension has been proven to have desirable dynamic load-sharing performances for multi-axle heavy vehicles. However, optimization approaches towards the improvement of comprehensive vehicle performance through the geometr...
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