Methods for preparation of 5′-substituted spiropyrans, their chemical properties, and the effects of various factors on the relative stabilities of the spiropyrans and their isomeric merocyanine forms are examined, reviewed, and discussed.
The most important area of modern pharmacology is the targeted delivery of drugs, and one of the most promising classes of chemical compounds for creating drugs of this kind are the photochromic spiropyrans, capable of light-controlled biological act...
In this paper, the relaxation isomerization properties of a spiropyran-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) UV light-responsive dynamic material are presented. The polar liquid (acetonitrile) and solid (PMMA matrix) medium may contain two merocyani...
The low fluorescence quantum efficiency of hydrophilic modified spiropyran in hydrogel matrices cannot be naturally improved during photoresponsive operation, which significantly limits their practical applications.In this study, a hybrid hydrogel sy...
Magnesium ions (Mg2+) play an important role in mammalian cell function; however, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of Mg2+ regulation in disease states. An advance in this field would come from the development of selective, reversible...
Studies on the following were reviewed: (1) the structure of spiropyrans and spirooxazines (two kinds of spiro compounds) under external stimuli and (2) the construction and applications of composite systems based on fluorescence resonance energy tra...
In this work, crystal structures of commercially available photochromic compounds, i.e., spiropyrans and spirooxazines, were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A total of five new structures were obtained via isothermal evaporation exp...
In this study, we synthesized a spiropyran containing an electron-withdrawing carboxyl group in good yield by condensation of an aromatic aldehyde with enamine indole. The spiropyran absorbed at the ultraviolet region with a maximum at approximately...
Micro-capillaries, capable of light-regulated binding and qualitative detection of divalent metal ions in continuous flow, have been realised through functionalisation with spiropyran photochromic brush-type coatings. Upon irradiation with UV light,...
The photoluminescence of modified spiropyran on solid surfaces is poor, and the fluorescence intensity of its MC form is weak, which affects its application in the field of sensing. In this work, a PMMA layer containing Au nanoparticles and a spiropy...
In daily life, counterfeit and substandard products, particularly currency, medicine, food, and confidential documents, are capable of bringing about very serious consequences. The development of anti-counterfeiting and authentication technologies wi...
Photoswitchable spiropyran has been conjugated to the crowned ring system DO3A, which improves its solubility in dipolar and polar media and stabilizes the merocyanine isomer. Adding the lanthanide ion gadolinium(III) to the macrocyclic ring system l...
In this work, we present a novel spiropyran–containing photochromic pyrrolidinofullerene as a promising agent for the photodynamic therapy of cancer.
Spiropyran has an attractive and mysterious fluorescence switch and dual-color conversion characteristics, as it exhibits both aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) in solvents and fluorescence enhancement in polymer matrices. The explanation for this p...
New salts of photochromic indoline spiropyrans capable of reversibly responding to UV radiation were synthesized to develop light-controlled materials. Photoinduced reactions of the synthesized compounds were studied using absorption and luminescence...
The introduction of a switchable function into the structure of a bioactive compound can endow it with unique capabilities for regulating biological activity under the influence of various types of external stimuli, which makes such hybrid compounds...
A π-conjugated polymer containing spiropyrans (SPs), which could be almost completely converted to protonated merocyanines (MCH+) and back to the SP form by adding an acid and a base, respectively, was developed. The insulation of the π-conjuga...
Switchable nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have widespread applications in electronics and optoelectronics. Thermo-switches generate many times higher NLO responses as compared to photo-switches. Herein, we have investigated the geometric, electron...
The development of smart color-changing wood could facilitate its functional application. Herein, photochromic wood films (PWFs) were synthesized by grafting 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,3-dimethylindolino-6’-nitrobenzopyrylospiran onto the cellulosic...
Spiropyran derivatives have been studied as light-regulated chemosensors for a variety of metal cations and anions, but there is little research on chemosensors that simultaneously detect multiple metal cations. In this study, a spiropyran derivative...
Mechanically induced spiropyran (SP)–merocyanine (MC) interconversion was examined using the enforced geometry optimization (EGO) method at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level. The calculations followed a complete mechanical cycle for the SP–CH3...
A reversible photo-driven sensor for aluminum ions based on photochromicspiropyran was reported with rapid response time. The detection of aluminum wasperformed via the chelation of aluminum ions with the merocyanine form (MC) ofphotochromic spiropyr...
Spiropyran-containing hydrogels that can respond to external stimuli such as temperature, light, and stress have attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, most of them are generally dual or multiple stimuli-responsive to external stimul...
This joint experimental-theoretical work focuses on molecular and photophysical properties of the spiropyran-containing amphiphilic molecule in organic and aqueous solutions. Being dissolved in tested organic solvents, the system demonstrates positiv...
A new class of thermochromic polynorbornene with pendent spiropyran moieties has been synthesized. Functionalization of norbornene monomers with spirobenzopyran moieties has been achieved using Steglich esterification. These new monomeric materials w...
Spiropyran (SP)–Merocyanine (MC) systems represent versatile molecular switches, with their open–closed equilibrium can be finely tuned by their structural characteristics. In this study, we combined conformational sampling, DFT (Density...
For the first time a pyrrolidinofullerene salt containing a spiropyran group and an ammonium group, capable of reversibly reacting to UV radiation, has been synthesized. Photoinduced reactions of the synthesized compounds were studied using absorptio...
We report photochromic polyamide 6 (PA6) which was synthesized by hydrolyzed ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactam with spiropyran (SP) embedded in the polymer chains. It indicated that crystallinity degree of the resulting copolymers was decr...
Due to the need to develop smart materials for a variety of applications such as catalysts and drug delivery, the development of photoresponsive polymers is receiving increasing attention. In particular, the photoisomerization of spiropyran (SP), unl...
We integrated a piezoelectric sensing layer lamina containing liquid crystals (LC) and spiropyran (SP) in a LC/SP mixture to create an optically reconfigurable modal sensor for a cantilever beam. The impedance of this LC/SP lamina was decreased by UV...
Spectral-luminescence properties of a hybrid compound containing a coumarin-type spiropyran and an azomethinocoumarin fragment in toluene-acetonitrile solution in the presence of Li+, Ca2+, Zn2+ and Mg2+ ions are reported. Two excited state proton tr...
Tuning the sensing properties of spiropyrans (SPs), which are one of the photochromic molecules useful for colorimetric sensing, is important for efficient analysis, but their synthetic modification is not always simple. Herein, we introduce an alkyn...
Due to their ability to reversibly isomerize under the influence of external stimuli, spiropyrans represent the most interesting class of organic photochromic molecules. The photochromic properties of the isomeric forms of spiropyrans differ signific...
Spiropyrans modified with reactive polyfunctional substituents are of great interest as building blocks for the creation of various smart systems with controllable properties for materials science and biomedicine. In this study, a new highly modified...
The high sensitivity of silicon microcantilever sensors has expanded their use in areas ranging from gas sensing to bio-medical applications. Photochromic molecules also represent promising candidates for a large variety of sensing applications. In t...
We present the synthesis and solution properties of dual stimuli-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-spiropyran acrylate) (P(NIPAAm-co-SPA)) copolymers of varying composition prepared via nitroxide-mediated copolymerization. The resulting copoly...
Antimicrobial resistance has intensified the search for non-antibiotic strategies activated by external stimuli, including antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. In this work, a hybrid system based on spiropyran-functionalized poly(maleic anhydride-alt-...
This work demonstrates by means of DFT and ab initio calculations that recognition of alkali cations can be achieved by probing the variations of the second-order nonlinear optical properties along the commutation process in spiropyran/merocyanine sy...
A novel technique for the covalent attachment of a light-responsive spiropyran onto polyamide thin film composite nanofiltration (NF) membranes in a one-step reaction using low-energy electron beam technology is described. The effect of illumination...
Stimuli-responsive materials based on renewable biopolymers are highly attractive for developing sustainable chemical sensors. Here, two spiropyran derivatives (SP1 and SP2) were synthesized and covalently grafted onto cellulose, yielding the functio...
This review reports on the main results of a set of kinetic elucidation methods developed by our team over the last few years. Formalisms, procedures and examples to solve all possible AB photochromic and thermophotochromic kinetics are presented. Al...
Low-molecular-weight peptide gelators are a versatile class of compounds able to form gels under a variety of conditions, even via simple ultrasound sonication. In this paper, the ability of Boc-L-Phe-D-Oxd-L-Phe-OBn to gelate three organic solvents...
A merocyanine dye as a p-toluenesulfonate salt was synthesized. The structure of the dye was characterized using IR, NMR, HR-MS and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The X-ray crystallographic studies revealed the formation of a stacked aggregate...
Several technologies can be used for measuring strains of soft materials under high rate impact conditions. These technologies include high speed tensile test, split Hopkinson pressure bar test, digital image correlation and high speed X-ray imaging....
γ-Glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine (GSH) plays a critical role in maintaining redox homeostasis in biological systems and a decrease in its cellular levels is associated with diseases. Existing fluorescence-based chemosensors for GSH acts as irreversible r...
Background/Objectives: This study explores the potential of using elevated levels of blood double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a diagnostic tool for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) infection. Methods: Blood samples from SFTS patients we...
Photoresponsive biomaterials have garnered increasing attention recently due to their ability to dynamically regulate biological interactions and cellular behaviors in response to light. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the desi...
Compared to conventional spectroscopy or chromatography analysis, chemical sensing based on colorimetric changes offers an alternative to monitor potential metal hazards in aqueous environment through rapid and low-cost colorimetric changes which can...
We describe the preparation and photophysical characterization of two model compounds designed to test a new approach for the quantitative determination of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) in biological systems. The method enables modula...
Recent progress in the field of photosensitive materials has prompted a need to develop efficient methods to synthesize materials with basic intermolecular architectural designs and novel properties. Accordingly, in this work we design and study a ph...
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