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  • Article
  • Open Access
626 Views
16 Pages

Active Disturbance Rejection Control Based on Modified Particle Swarm Optimization of Six-Pole Hybrid Magnetic Bearing

  • Gai Liu,
  • Zihao Tang,
  • Yi Wang,
  • Shiyu Ruan,
  • Jinwei Zhang,
  • Chenyin Zhao and
  • Yizhou Hua

21 April 2026

In order to solve the coupling problem of the six-pole hybrid magnetic bearing (SHMB), an active disturbance rejection control based on modified particle swarm optimization is proposed. Firstly, the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) for the...

(This article belongs to the Section Electromechanical Energy Conversion Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
2,167 Views
22 Pages

A load frequency control (LFC) system based on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is designed to solve the problem of frequency modulation caused by large-scale renewable energy grid connection. Traditional parameter-tuning methods are ineff...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,093 Views
32 Pages

1 January 2025

As a representative of multi-functional engineering machinery, the excavator is irreplaceable in the field of engineering construction. To autonomously control the excavator bucket, it is essential to control the position of the bucket hydraulic cyli...

(This article belongs to the Section Control Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
6,359 Views
19 Pages

8 December 2021

Proportional integral-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) and deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithms are applied to a permanent-magnet synchronous motor to track speed control. The proposed methods, based on notebooks, can deal with...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Control of Electrical Machines)
  • Article
  • Open Access
236 Views
30 Pages

26 August 2026

This paper proposes a novel probabilistic approach to Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) based on particle filtering (PF) for extended-state estimation. Unlike the classical Extended State Observer (ESO), the proposed method represents the s...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Machining Optimization: Fuzzy Logic and Adaptive Control)
  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
3,969 Views
19 Pages

24 January 2019

Due to the disturbance of wind field, it is difficult to achieve precise airship positioning and navigation in the stratosphere. This paper presents a new constrained unscented particle filter (UPF) for SINS/GNSS/ADS (inertial navigation system/globa...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor Fusion and Novel Technologies in Positioning and Navigation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
2,933 Views
17 Pages

19 October 2022

This paper proposes a control scheme combining improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) and adaptive linear active disturbance rejection control (ALADRC) to solve the high-speed train (HST) speed tracking control problem. Firstly, in order to meet...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
3,467 Views
19 Pages

8 November 2024

The control system of a quadrotor aircraft is characterized by nonlinearity, strong coupling, and underactuation, making it susceptible to external disturbances that can affect flight performance. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel co...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,748 Views
24 Pages

In this study, a control scheme is proposed based on Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO) to enhance the Linear Auto-Disturbance Rejection Controller (LADRC). The focus is on addressing the challenge of high-precision variations in angle-of-att...

(This article belongs to the Section Systems & Control Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,069 Views
19 Pages

23 November 2025

Subsoiling is an important technology in conservation tillage. The disturbance characteristics of paddy soil were simulated by smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) in this paper in order to explore the optimal tillage depth of paddy soil in a rice&n...

(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Biosystem and Biological Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,245 Views
17 Pages

7 December 2021

In this paper, Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is utilized in the attitude control of a quadrotor aircraft to address the problem of attitude destabilization in flight control caused by parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. C...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Motion Planning and Control for Automatic Machines, Robots and Multibody Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,489 Views
19 Pages

MPPT Control Algorithm Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and Adaptive Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control

  • Miao Zhang,
  • Keyu Zhuang,
  • Tong Zhao,
  • Jingze Xue,
  • Yunlong Gao,
  • Shuai Cui and
  • Zheng Qiao

30 November 2022

Aiming at the problem of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaic arrays in photovoltaic power generation systems, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) MPPT method combined with adaptive linear active disturbance rejection control (A-LADRC)...

(This article belongs to the Section A2: Solar Energy and Photovoltaic Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
483 Views
14 Pages

Optimized LADRC for Sub-Synchronous Oscillation Suppression in Wind Turbines

  • Hao-Yang He,
  • Ming-Dong Wang,
  • Hua-Yang Xu and
  • Su-Yang Wang

12 March 2026

Sub-synchronous oscillation problems may be induced when direct-drive wind turbines are connected to a weak AC power grid, and then it is necessary to analyze the mechanism of sub-synchronous oscillation and study effective suppression methods. In th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
337 Views
18 Pages

2 September 2026

Blocky-rock masses are prone to dynamic slip along sand-filled joints under impact disturbance. The constraint normal to the joint and the size of the infill particles jointly influence their stability. To determine how axial load and particle-size a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Rock Mass Engineering: 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,896 Views
18 Pages

Robust Self-Learning PID Control of an Aircraft Anti-Skid Braking System

  • Fengrui Xu,
  • Xuelin Liang,
  • Mengqiao Chen and
  • Wensheng Liu

13 April 2022

In order to deal with strong nonlinearity and external interference in the braking process, this paper proposes a robust self-learning PID algorithm based on particle swarm optimization, which does not depend on a precise mathematical model of the co...

(This article belongs to the Topic Engineering Mathematics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,011 Views
16 Pages

The use of Disturbance Observer-based (DOB) control is widespread in stabilizing the electromagnetic field in superconducting radio frequency cavities to facilitate beam acceleration in particle accelerators. Repetitive disturbances such as beam load...

(This article belongs to the Section Systems & Control Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
10,599 Views
35 Pages

PX4 Simulation Results of a Quadcopter with a Disturbance-Observer-Based and PSO-Optimized Sliding Mode Surface Controller

  • Yutao Jing,
  • Xianghe Wang,
  • Juan Heredia-Juesas,
  • Charles Fortner,
  • Christopher Giacomo,
  • Rifat Sipahi and
  • Jose Martinez-Lorenzo

18 September 2022

This work designed a disturbance-observer-based nonlinear sliding mode surface controller (SMC) and validated the controller using a simulated PX4-conducted quadcopter. To achieve this goal, this research (1) developed a dynamic mathematical model; (...

(This article belongs to the Section Drone Design and Development)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,137 Views
15 Pages

5 February 2024

Conventional subsoiling has the problem of excessive draught resistance, which has long been a major concern. A great reduction in draught is urgently required to make better use of the subsoiling technique with many agronomic benefits. In this study...

(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Science and Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,374 Views
14 Pages

12 March 2025

To reveal the influence of ultra-close coal seams mining on surrounding rock disturbance, PFC2D is introduced to establish a simplified particle flow model of strata in the deeply buried mine, the damage and stress evolution characteristics of the su...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,486 Views
13 Pages

7 November 2022

In this paper, the dynamics of a micro-nano particle on the micro-thin plate driven by an acoustic signal was investigated, including the particle kinematics mode, kinematics equation, and trajectory control. According to Newton’s kinematic the...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Robust Parameter Region or Attraction Region Calculation for Control System Design)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
6,187 Views
41 Pages

20 May 2023

In this study, a sliding mode surface controller (SMC) designed for a quadcopter is experimentally tested. The SMC was combined with disturbance observers in six degrees of freedom of the quadcopter to effectively reject external disturbances. While...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A UAV Platform for Flight Dynamics and Control System)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
2,701 Views
20 Pages

29 August 2024

Addressing the issue of significant speed fluctuations in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) under load, this paper proposes an active disturbance rejection control strategy based on an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. In...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
3,341 Views
20 Pages

20 October 2023

Dual-motor control systems require high synchronization maintenance. Active disturbance rejection controllers (ADRC), renowned for their exceptional immunity to interference, rapid response time, and robustness, have gained widespread adoption as a p...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
3,837 Views
15 Pages

13 July 2021

Taking dead-zone nonlinearlity and external disturbances into account, an active disturbance rejection optimal controller based on a proportional-derivative (PD) control law is proposed by connecting the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control...

(This article belongs to the Section Multidisciplinary Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
772 Views
36 Pages

Bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) chargers must regulate current and voltage accurately in both grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) modes while respecting the tight real-time computational budget of embedded hardware. This paper compare...

(This article belongs to the Section Charging Infrastructure and Grid Integration)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,823 Views
26 Pages

22 June 2025

This study proposes an event-triggered fault-tolerant active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) method for variable-load quadrotors with prescribed performance. The quadrotor, as a nonlinear and underactuated system, faces challenges such as payloa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
2,967 Views
21 Pages

29 March 2023

The dynamic-scheduling problem of transmission tasks (DSTT) is an important problem in the daily work of radio and television transmission stations. The transmission effect obtained by the greedy algorithm for task allocation is poor. In the case of...

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
7,331 Views
24 Pages

15 January 2015

In a microgrid, the distributed generators (DG) can power the user loads directly. As a result, power quality (PQ) events are more likely to affect the users. This paper proposes a Multiresolution Generalized S-transform (MGST) approach to improve th...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microgrids)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
906 Views
32 Pages

End milling productivity is reduced by regenerative chatter. In this paper, a hybrid Fractional-Order PID with Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC-FOPID) is proposed to suppress chatter in half-immersion milling. A Timoshenko cantilever flexib...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2026 Early Career Scientists' Contributions to Applied Mechanics (ECS 2026))
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,864 Views
30 Pages

A Hierarchical PSMC–LQR Control Framework for Accurate Quadrotor Trajectory Tracking

  • Shiliang Chen,
  • Xinyu Zhu,
  • Yichao Fang,
  • Yucheng Zhan,
  • Dan Han,
  • Yun Qiu and
  • Yaru Sun

18 November 2025

Accurate trajectory tracking of quadrotor UAVs remains challenging due to highly nonlinear dynamics, model uncertainties, and time-varying external disturbances, which make it difficult to achieve both precise position tracking and stable attitude re...

(This article belongs to the Section Navigation and Positioning)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,094 Views
21 Pages

Power Quality Disturbance Tracking Based on a Proprietary FPGA Sensor with GPS Synchronization

  • Oscar N. Pardo-Zamora,
  • Rene de J. Romero-Troncoso,
  • Jesus R. Millan-Almaraz,
  • Daniel Morinigo-Sotelo,
  • Roque A. Osornio-Rios and
  • Jose A. Antonino-Daviu

5 June 2021

The study of power quality (PQ) has gained relevance over the years due to the increase in non-linear loads connected to the grid. Therefore, it is important to study the propagation of power quality disturbances (PQDs) to determine the propagation p...

(This article belongs to the Section Fault Diagnosis & Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,007 Views
23 Pages

5 February 2025

To address the impact of load variations, external environmental changes, and the tuning of the parameters on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) used in ships, this study proposes an Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) strategy for P...

(This article belongs to the Section Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,726 Views
21 Pages

Impacts of Extreme Space Weather Events on September 6th, 2017 on Ionosphere and Primary Cosmic Rays

  • Aleksandra Kolarski,
  • Nikola Veselinović,
  • Vladimir A. Srećković,
  • Zoran Mijić,
  • Mihailo Savić and
  • Aleksandar Dragić

2 March 2023

The strongest X-class solar flare (SF) event in 24th solar cycle, X9.3, occurred on 6 September 2017, accompanied by earthward-directed coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Such space weather episodes are known to cause various threats to human activities...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Space Weather: Observations and Modeling of the Near Earth Environment II)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,929 Views
15 Pages

Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Wind Turbine Fatigue Load

  • Xingkang Jin,
  • Wen Tan,
  • Yarong Zou and
  • Zijian Wang

25 August 2022

With the participation of wind power in grid frequency modulation, the fatigue load of the wind turbine increases accordingly. A new control method that considers both fatigue load and output power of wind turbine (WT) is proposed in this paper. A li...

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Wind Energy Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
397 Views
22 Pages

Particle-Scale Local Flow Disturbances Induced by Feed-Particle Size and Shape in a Gas–Solid Fluidized Bed

  • Zengqiang Chen,
  • Shuai Zhou,
  • Yadong Zhang,
  • Guangqing Zhu,
  • Bin Li,
  • Dingjie Zhang and
  • Enhui Zhou

During coal beneficiation in a gas–solid fluidized bed, coarse feed particles act as moving intruders whose size and shape can reorganize the local gas–solid flow field. This study combines particle-surface differential-pressure measureme...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficient Separation of Coal and Mineral Resources)
  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
3,264 Views
18 Pages

High-Accuracy Power Quality Disturbance Classification Using the Adaptive ABC-PSO as Optimal Feature Selection Algorithm

  • Supanat Chamchuen,
  • Apirat Siritaratiwat,
  • Pradit Fuangfoo,
  • Puripong Suthisopapan and
  • Pirat Khunkitti

24 February 2021

Power quality disturbance (PQD) is an important issue in electrical distribution systems that needs to be detected promptly and identified to prevent the degradation of system reliability. This work proposes a PQD classification using a novel algorit...

(This article belongs to the Section F: Electrical Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
491 Views
19 Pages

Computational and Experimental Evaluation of a Flow-Conditioning Anastomotic Device for Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation

  • Keith Saum,
  • Begoña Campos,
  • Diego Celdran Bonafonte,
  • Liran Oren,
  • Albert Phillip Owens and
  • Prabir Roy-Chaudhury

The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred method of vascular access for hemodialysis; however, 30–50% of AVFs undergo primary maturation failure and are unsuitable for clinical use. As disturbed hemodynamics initiate endothelial injury a...

(This article belongs to the Section Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,367 Views
15 Pages

Regional Load Frequency Control of BP-PI Wind Power Generation Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

  • Jikai Sun,
  • Mingrui Chen,
  • Linghe Kong,
  • Zhijian Hu and
  • Veerapandiyan Veerasamy

17 February 2023

The large-scale integration of wind turbines (WTs) in renewable power generation induces power oscillations, leading to frequency aberration due to power unbalance. Hence, in this paper, a secondary frequency control strategy called load frequency co...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Intelligent Techniques in Power System Stability, Control and Protection)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,144 Views
37 Pages

Optimizing Route Planning via the Weighted Sum Method and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making

  • Guanquan Zhu,
  • Minyi Ye,
  • Xinqi Yu,
  • Junhao Liu,
  • Mingju Wang,
  • Zihang Luo,
  • Haomin Liang and
  • Yubin Zhong

22 May 2025

Choosing the optimal path in planning is a complex task due to the numerous options and constraints; this is known as the trip design problem (TTDP). This study aims to achieve path optimization through the weighted sum method and multi-criteria deci...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematical Modeling and Intelligent Algorithms in Operations Research)
  • Review
  • Open Access
3,361 Views
19 Pages

1 December 2025

BU–MIT whistler wave injection experiments, which were conducted at Arecibo Observatory, started with the joint US–USSR Active Space Plasma Program Experiment on 24 December 1989. In this experiment, a satellite-borne VLF transmitter inje...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Lennart Stenflo on the Occasion of His 85th Birthday: Plasma Physics and Nonlinear Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,751 Views
19 Pages

4 September 2024

In this study, a novel approach of designing automatic control systems with the help of AI tools is proposed. Given plant dynamics, expected references, and expected disturbances, the design of an optimal neural network-based controller is performed...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,098 Views
22 Pages

This paper considers a construction procedure of a satellite reference angular motion in the vicinity of an unstable gravitational equilibrium position. The satellite is stabilized on the reference trajectory by the magnetic coils. The problem is sol...

(This article belongs to the Collection Space Systems Dynamics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,650 Views
17 Pages

10 May 2022

A high-quality and secure touchdown run for an aircraft is essential for economic, operational, and strategic reasons. The shortest viable touchdown run without any skidding requires variable braking pressure to manage the friction between the road s...

(This article belongs to the Topic Artificial Intelligence and Computational Methods: Modeling, Simulations and Optimization of Complex Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,121 Views
19 Pages

First Major Eruption of Solar Cycle 25: Impacts of the 3 July 2021 X1.59 Solar Flare on the Ionosphere and Primary Cosmic Rays

  • Vladimir A. Srećković,
  • Nikola Veselinović,
  • Aleksandra Kolarski,
  • Mihailo Savić,
  • Žarko Medić,
  • Milica Langović and
  • Filip Arnaut

10 February 2026

The X1.59 solar flare on 3 July 2021, was the first X-class flare of Solar Cycle 25 and the first since the X-class flare on 10 September 2017. This event was notable for producing a rare geomagnetic crochet, a temporary and localized perturbation in...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Observation and Simulation Studies of Ionosphere)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,078 Views
20 Pages

14 November 2021

Effective maintenance of ancient buildings is paid more and more attention worldwide. Many ancient buildings with high inheritance value were gradually destroyed, especially for murals in the open tombs. The bioaerosol particles (BPs) are the major s...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Protection of Buildings with Historic, Architectural or Cultural Value)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,587 Views
16 Pages

27 April 2024

Characterizing changes in rock properties is essential for the hydraulic fracture and re-fracture parameter optimization of shale formations. This paper proposed a hydraulic fracturing model to investigate the changes in rock properties during hydrau...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fracturing Technology for Oil and Gas Reservoir Stimulation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,067 Views
28 Pages

27 April 2025

The particle swarm optimization algorithm, known for its swift convergence and minimal parameters, is widely used to solve various complex optimization problems. Despite its merits, it encounters challenges such as susceptibility to premature converg...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
2,928 Views
26 Pages

Design of a Fuzzy Optimization Control Structure for Nonlinear Systems: A Disturbance-Rejection Method

  • Samia Charfeddine,
  • Attia Boudjemline,
  • Sondess Ben Aoun,
  • Houssem Jerbi,
  • Mourad Kchaou,
  • Obaid Alshammari,
  • Zied Elleuch and
  • Rabeh Abbassi

15 March 2021

This paper tackles the control problem of nonlinear disturbed polynomial systems using the formalism of output feedback linearization and a subsequent sliding mode control design. This aims to ensure the asymptotic stability of an unstable equilibriu...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Fuzzy Optimization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,733 Views
15 Pages

20 June 2024

In the process of particle erosion and electrochemical corrosion interaction, the electrolyte flow state change, product film destruction, and matrix structure change caused by particle impact affect the electrochemical corrosion process. Such transi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Mechanical Behavior of Metal Materials (2nd Edition))
  • Review
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,426 Views
22 Pages

Review of the Research on Soil Disturbance by Tools

  • Xinzhong Wang,
  • Weiquan Fang,
  • Dianlei Han and
  • Xuegeng Chen

27 December 2022

The discrete element method can be used to analyze the interaction between tools and soil. It can be used to guide the optimal design of tools, but the appropriate simulation and test method selected is important to achieve the goal. This paper mainl...

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