The hadal biosphere is the most mysterious ecosystem on the planet, located in a unique and extreme environment on Earth. To adapt to extreme environmental conditions, hadal microorganisms evolve special strategies and metabolisms to survive and repr...
Histone acetylation and methylation, governed by various histone modification (HM) gene families, are vital for plant biological processes. However, there are limited studies that have explored HMs in ornamental horticultural trees, including sweet o...
Myocardial fibrosis is a common pathological feature of multiple cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, hypertension, and myocardial infarction, and is associated with poor prognosis. Despite extensive research, clinically validated molecu...
The ability of different germplasm to adapt to a saline–alkali environment is critical to learning about the tolerance mechanism of saline–alkali stress in plants. Flax is an important oil and fiber crop in many countries. However, its mo...
The field of RNA modification, also referred to as “epitranscriptomics,” is gaining more and more interest from the scientific community. More than 160 chemical modifications have been identified in RNA molecules, but the functional signi...
N1-methyladenosine (m1A) is a prevalent and reversible post-transcriptional RNA modification that decorates tRNA, rRNA and mRNA. Recent studies based on technical advances in analytical chemistry and high-throughput sequencing methods have revealed t...
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), an RNA post-transcriptional modification, plays a crucial role in spermatogenesis. Cattle-yaks are interspecific hybrid offsprings of yak and cattle, and male cattle-yaks are sterile. This study aims to investigate the role...
Introduction: Skeletal muscle plasticity in exercise can be modulated by epigenomic events such as gene silencing, histone modifications and DNA methylation. In this context, our objective was to analyze the expression of genes associated with chroma...
Background: Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are synthetic nucleic acid analogs that can suppress gene expression through sequence-specific hybridization with target RNA. Enzymatic degradation, low bioavailability, and limited cellular uptake constr...
Genes encoding snake venom toxins have been studied extensively. However, genes involved in the modification and functioning of venom proteins are little known. Protobothrops is a genus of pit vipers, which are venomous and inhabit the Nansei (Southw...
Histone modification plays a crucial role in chromatin remodeling and regulating gene expression, and participates in various biological processes, including plant development and responses to stress. Several gene families related to histone modifica...
Background: Breast cancer (BRCA) is a common malignant tumor that seriously threatens women’s health. Studies have shown that histone modifications (HMs) play a vital role in the occurrence and development of BRCA. This study aims to explore th...
Automatic reverse parking (ARP) faces challenges in finding ideal reference trajectories that avoid collisions, maintain smoothness, and minimize path length. To address this, we propose an improved directional mutation moth–flame optimization...
Histone methylation and acetylation play potential roles in plant growth and development through various histone modification (HM) genes. However, studies of HM genes are still limited in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a globally important oilseed cro...
Taraxacum kok-saghyz (Tks), also known as the Russian dandelion, is a recognized alternative source of natural rubber quite comparable, for quality and use, to the one obtained from the so-called rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. In addition to that,...
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is ubiquitous and carried by approximately 90% of the world’s adult population. Several mechanisms and pathways have been proposed as to how EBV facilitates the pathogenesis and progression of malignancies, such as Hodg...
Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is a benign tumor arising from myometrium (MM) with a high prevalence and unclear pathology. Histone modifications are altered in tumors, particularly via histone acetylation which is correlated with gene activation. To identif...
Background: Adipogenesis is governed by a complex interplay between transcriptional regulation and epigenetic remodeling. While many transcriptional pathways have been well characterized, less is known about how chromatin-level regulation shapes the...
Restriction–modification (RM) systems in bacteria are implicated in multiple biological roles ranging from defense against parasitic genetic elements, to selfish addiction cassettes, and barriers to gene transfer and lineage homogenization. In...
Bacteria have defense systems against the penetration of foreign DNA (phages and plasmids). Some defense systems protect bacteria from phage penetration into the cell, while others block phage replication. Antiphage defense systems are often located...
Breast cancer (BRCA) is the most common cancer worldwide, with an incidence exceeding that of lung cancer. Protein lactylation, a newly identified post-translational modification involving the binding of lactic acid to lysine residues, plays an impor...
Heat stress is an important environmental factor affecting livestock production worldwide. Primary hepatocytes and preadipocytes derived from Hu sheep were used to establish a heat stress model. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) analys...
Infants born to women with diabetes or obesity are exposed to excess circulating fuels during fetal heart development and are at higher risk of cardiac diseases. We have previously shown that late-gestation diabetes, especially in conjunction with a...
Cancer development and progression rely on complicated genetic and also epigenetic changes which regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and regulation by lncRN...
All the cells of an organism contain the same genome. However, each cell expresses only a minor fraction of its potential and, in particular, the genes encoding the proteins necessary for basal metabolism and the proteins responsible for its specific...
Chromium (Cr) toxicity exerts a detrimental effect on various physiological, biochemical, and molecular attributes of plants including the structure and functions of cell walls. On the other hand, the exogenous application of proline (Pro) is a benef...
The influence of the preharvest application of chitosan on physicochemical properties and changes in gene expression of ‘Garmrok’ kiwifruit during postharvest cold storage (0 °C; RH 90–95%; 90 days) was investigated. Preharvest treatment of chitosan...
Gene editing and gene silencing techniques have the potential to revolutionize our knowledge of biology and diseases of fish and other aquatic animals. By using such techniques, it is feasible to change the phenotype and modify cells, tissues and org...
RNA methylation at the nitrogen sixth of adenosine (m6A, N6-methyladenosine) is the most abundant RNA modification which plays a crucial role in all RNA metabolic aspects. Recently, m6A modification has been assigned to mediate the biological process...
The allotetraploid Brasscia napus has now been extensively utilized to reveal the genetic processes involved in hybridization and polyploidization. Here, transcriptome, WGBS, and Chip-Seq sequencing data were obtained to explore the regulatory conseq...
Today, adeno-associated virus (AAV) is an extremely popular choice for gene therapy delivery. The safety profile and simplicity of the genome organization are the decisive advantages which allow us to claim that AAV is currently among the most promis...
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is driven by genetic alterations, epigenetic dysregulation and tumor microenvironment remodeling. Histone modification reader proteins serve as key epigenetic regulators of anti-tumor immunity, yet their synergisti...
Due to the barriers imposed by the restriction–modification (RM) system, Nisin-producing industrial strains of Lactococcus lactis often encounter low transformation efficiency, which seriously hinders the widespread application of genetic engin...
Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram-positive bacterium (non-spore-forming) that has been wildly used for amino acid production. Due to its stable protein secretion, low extracellular hydrolase activity, and non-toxicity, the application field of C. ...
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA, tRNA, miRNA, and long non-coding RNA. It is also known for its role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, a comprehensive m6A transcriptome-wide m...
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are pivotal in maintaining gene silencing through epigenetic mechanisms, particularly by catalyzing Histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) via the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) complex. These modifications...
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), which induces epigenetic modifications and permanent changes in gene expression, has been associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Using a rat model of IUGR, we performed ChIP-Seq to identify and map...
Background: The precise role of RNA modification in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains incompletely understood. This study aims to elucidate the effects of five common RNA modifications in PTSD, specifically m6A, m5C, m1A, m7G, and ψ....
Honey bees are important species for the study of epigenetics. Female honey bee larvae with the same genotype can develop into phenotypically distinct organisms (sterile workers and fertile queens) depending on conditions such as diet. Previous studi...
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic γ-herpesivrus, the causative agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma and body cavity lymphomas. During infection KSHV produces a highly abundant long non-coding polyadenylated RNA that is retained in t...
In the past few years, thorough investigation of chemical modifications operated in the cells on ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules is gaining momentum. This new field of research has been dubbed “epitranscriptomics”, in analogy to best-kno...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a high prevalence among the middle-aged and elderly population. The pathogenesis of PD is closely linked to the misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein, which contributes to t...
The RNA interference pathway (RNAi) is a specific and powerful biological process, triggered by small non-coding RNA molecules and involved in gene expression regulation. In this work, we explored the possibility of increasing the biological stabilit...
(1) Background: Quiescent cells are those that have stopped dividing and show strongly reduced levels of gene expression during dormancy. In response to appropriate signals, the cells can wake up and start growing again. Many histone modifications ar...
Chemical modifications of cellular RNAs play key roles in gene expression and host defense. The cap-adjacent N6,2′-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am) is a prevalent modification of vertebrate and viral mRNAs and is catalyzed by the newly discovered N6...
Epitranscriptomics refers to post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via RNA modifications and editing that affect RNA functions. Many kinds of modifications of mRNA have been described, among which are N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N1-methyla...
Early-life iron deficiency (ID) causes long-term neurocognitive impairments and gene dysregulation that can be partially mitigated by prenatal choline supplementation. The long-term gene dysregulation is hypothesized to underlie cognitive dysfunction...
Chronic exposure to drugs of abuse produces profound changes in gene expression and neural activity associated with drug-seeking and taking behavior. Dysregulation of opioid receptor gene expression is commonly observed across a variety of abused sub...
5-methylcytosine (m5C) is an abundant RNA modification that’s presence is reported in a wide variety of RNA species, including cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs), as well as messenger RNAs (mRNAs), en...
The modern cultivated wheat has passed a long evolution involving origin of wild emmer (WEM), development of cultivated emmer, formation of spelt wheat and finally establishment of modern bread wheat and durum wheat. During this evolutionary process,...
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