29 November 2012
This paper reviews the direct connection of sensors to microcontrollers without using any analogue circuit (such as an amplifier or analogue-to-digital converter) in the signal path, thus resulting in a low-cost, lower-power sensor electronic interfa...
Embedding Artificial Intelligence onto low-power devices is a challenging task that has been partly overcome with recent advances in machine learning and hardware design. Presently, deep neural networks can be deployed on embedded targets to perform...
Tiny machine learning (tinyML) involves the application of ML algorithms on resource-constrained devices such as microcontrollers. It is possible to improve tinyML performance by using a meta-learning approach. In this work, we proposed lightweight b...
This article presents a new firmware update paradigm for optimising the procedure in microcontrollers. The aim is to allow updating during program execution, without interruptions or restarts, replacing only specific code segments. The proposed metho...
This study presents a novel approach by implementing an active memristor in a hyperchaotic discrete system, based on a cubic map, which is implemented by using two different microcontrollers. The key contributions of this work are threefold. The use...
In very large-scale integration circuit (VLSI) systems, microcontrollers are often implanted to manage the whole system to complete the given computing tasks. They play an essential part as regulators, which should allocate resources steadily and iss...
This article focuses on the area of software development for microcontrollers and details the implementation of modern programming practices and principles in embedded systems and IoT applications. This article explains how we implemented previously...
To evaluate the system-level electromagnetic emissions of an automobile, in a simulation environment, individual sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI) must be modeled. Modeling the emission behavior of electronic controller units (ECUs) in au...
Microcontrollers are programmable, integrated circuit chips. In the last two decades, their applications to industrial instruments, vehicles, and household appliances have reached the extent that microcontrollers are now the number-one selling electr...
As part of our research for microcontroller software support, we have developed a modular framework that utilizes previously unimplemented architectural principles for developing applications on microcontrollers. These principles are still a privileg...
Internet of Things (IoT) technology, in which numerous devices cooperate, has a significant impact on existing industries, such as smart factories, smart cars, and smart cities. Massive learning and computing using data collected through the IoT are...
The adoption of intelligent systems with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) embedded in hardware for real-time applications currently faces a growing demand in fields such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine to Machine (M2M). However, the appl...
The main contribution of the paper is the simplification of the computational process of fuzzy control of a mobile robot controlled by a microcontroller. We present a way to implement this control method with a reduced computation time of control act...
In this paper, we propose the first ARIA block cipher on both MSP430 and Advanced RISC Machines (ARM) microcontrollers. To achieve the optimized ARIA implementation on target embedded processors, core operations of ARIA, such as substitute and diffus...
Microcontrollers have a low energy consumption and are convenient tools for the operation and readout of small lab-on-a-chip devices. The operation of microcontrollers for data collection and analysis is key for measurements and statistics in field e...
The minimalistic hardware of most Internet of things (IoT) devices and sensors, especially those based on microcontrollers (MCU), imposes severe limitations on the memory capacity and interfacing capabilities of the device. Nevertheless, many applica...
With the growing popularity of RISC-V and various open-source released RISC-V processors, it is now possible for computer engineers students to explore this simple and relevant architecture, and also, these students can explore and design a microcont...
Anomalous Sound Detection (ASD) systems are pivotal in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Through the early detection of machines’ anomalies, these systems facilitate proactive maintenance, thereby mitigating potential losses. Although p...
Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)-resistant Proof-of-Work (PoW) is widely adopted in modern cryptocurrency. The operation of ASIC-resistant PoW on ASIC is designed to be inefficient due to its special features. In this paper, we firstly...
In this paper, a smart and centralized traffic light control and monitoring system is proposed to control the modern transportation systems and make the city safer, using programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and programmable electronic microcontroll...
Resource-constrained sensor nodes in Internet-of-Things (IoT) and embedded sensing applications frequently rely on low-cost microcontrollers, where even basic algorithmic choices directly impact latency, energy consumption, and memory footprint. This...
Since the Keccak algorithm was selected by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as the standard SHA-3 hash algorithm for replacing the currently used SHA-2 algorithm in 2015, various optimization methods have been studied in p...
This paper presents a new, computationally modest on-line identification method for the simultaneous estimation of the rotor resistance and magnetizing inductance of an induction machine suitable for electric drives that use an indirect field-oriente...
Different types of faults occur in different layers of IoT networks, which affect their fault tolerance. The Controller and Services layers are the weakest links in an IoT network, and any failure in these layers drastically reduces its fault toleran...
In a globalized world where data play a critical role in system operation, process automation, and decision-making, the development of real-time control systems is essential, as it enables operators and supervisors to monitor the current status of a...
An optimized AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) implementation of Galois Counter Mode of operation (GCM) on low-end microcontrollers is presented in this paper. Two optimization methods are applied to proposed implementations. First, the AES counter...
The article describes the implementation of IoT technology in the teaching of microprocessor technology. The method presented in the article combines the reality and virtualization of the microprocessor technology laboratory. A created IoT monitoring...
In automatic systems used in the control and monitoring of industrial processes, fieldbuses with specific real-time requirements are used. Often, the sensors are connected to these fieldbuses through embedded systems, which also have real-time featur...
As the technology of Internet of Things (IoT) evolves, abundant data is generated from sensor nodes and exchanged between them. For this reason, efficient encryption is required to keep data in secret. Since low-end IoT devices have limited computati...
This paper explores the development of a low-cost alternating current (AC) smart current generator using ARM Cortex-M33 microcontrollers with integrated peripherals, Digital to Analog Converters (DAC) and Operational amplifiers (OPAMPS). The system g...
GPU-based deep neural networks (DNNs) are powerful for electrocardiogram (ECG) processing and rhythm classification. Although questions often arise about their practical application in embedded systems with low computational resources, few studies ha...
Recently, an increasing number of people have employed do-it-yourself (DIY) and do-it-with-others (DIWO) techniques and processes to develop unique technology products. This trend is commonly called the maker movement and fosters the creation of own...
5G technology and IoT devices are improving efficiency and quality of life across many sectors. IoT devices are often used in open environments where they handle sensitive data. This makes them vulnerable to side-channel attacks (SCAs), where attacke...
This paper presents a low-power 32.768 kHz multi-crystal oscillator implemented in advanced 18 nm CMOS technology and integrated into a general-purpose microcontroller (MCU) environment. The oscillator operates over a wide supply voltage range from 1...
Edge-side acoustic monitoring enables animal sound recognition in remote environments, but microcontroller deployment remains constrained by feature extraction, numerical consistency, memory, latency, and energy consumption. This study presents a sen...
Format-Preserving Encryption (FPE) for Internet of Things (IoT) enables the data encryption while preserving the format and length of original data. With these advantages, FPE can be utilized in many IoT applications. However, FPE requires complicate...
Deploying efficient sign language recognition models on edge devices advances inclusive, affordable, and privacy-preserving human–computer interaction. Yet most state-of-the-art architectures target server-class hardware and fail under the stri...
Keyword spotting (KWS) is the always-on front end of voice interfaces; running it directly on microcontrollers, rather than streaming audio to the cloud, is essential for low-latency, privacy-preserving, and energy-efficient operation, yet it must re...
The interoperations of endpoint devices are generally achieved by gateways in Internet of Things (IoT) systems. However, the gateways mainly focus on networking communication, which is lack of data logic control capabilities. The microcontrollers wit...
This paper discusses the creation of a microcontroller firmware that focuses on the control of lighting, temperature, and external devices, and enables sensor data acquisition and transmission to remote systems in industrial applications. Relevant ec...
The exponential function
Federated edge learning on microcontrollers (MCUs) enables privacy-preserving adaptation, but on-device training faces a hardware tradeoff: fitting backpropagation into a limited static random-access memory (SRAM) often relies on on-chip flash as aux...
In the present study, a portable system based on a microcontroller has been developed to classify different kinds of honeys. In order to do this classification, a Simplified Fuzzy ARTMAP network (SFA) implemented in a microcontroller has been used. D...
This article describes the design, construction, and programming of a microcontroller-based system, which uses hand gestures with machine learning algorithms to control an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A neural network is used as a model, and an IMU...
An appearance of radiometers and dosimeters on free sale made it possible to provide better radiation safety for citizens. The effects of radiation may not appear all at once. They can manifest themselves in decades to come in future generations, in...
Microcontrollers have been largely used in applications that include reducing power consumption. Microcontroller development tools are now readily available. Many countries are faced with energy challenges such as lack of enough power capacity and gr...
This study investigates the tracking control of quadrotor micro aerial vehicles using nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC), with primary emphasis on the implementation of a real-time embedded control system. Apart from the limited memory size, o...
A solar tracker can be defined as an electromechanical system capable of following the apparent path of the Sun, in order to orient an array of solar panels and/or collectors directly to the solar rays, maximizing the collected energy. Accordingly, t...
This paper presents a microcontroller-based measurement system to detect and confirm the presence of a subject in a chair. The system relies on a single Force Sensing Resistor (FSR), which may be arranged in the seat or backrest of the chair, that un...
As it concerns remote laboratories (RLs) for teaching microcontroller programming, the related literature reveals several common characteristics and a common architecture. Our search of the literature was constrained to papers published in the period...
of 47